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|\n\n:::example\n**昨日、駅（えき）の近（ちか）くで昼（ひる）ごはんを食べました。**\n\n食べる動作が昨日終（お）わったことを伝えています。\n:::\n\n## 2. 否定（ひてい）の「ませんでした」\n\n**ませんでした** は、過去のある時に、その動作をしなかったことを示（しめ）します。\n\n- けさ、コーヒーを飲（の）み**ませんでした**。\n- 日曜日（にちようび）は外出（がいしゅつ）し**ませんでした**。\n- 先月（せんげつ）、京都（きょうと）へ行（い）き**ませんでした**。\n\n:::tip\n現在（げんざい）・未来（みらい）の否定 **ません** に、過去を示す **でした** が続（つづ）く、と考（かんが）えると覚（おぼ）えやすいです。\n:::\n\n## 3. 四つの形を比べる\n\n時と肯定・否定の二つを決（き）めると、必要（ひつよう）な形が選（えら）べます。\n\n| 時 | 肯定 | 否定 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 習慣・これから | 勉強（べんきょう）**します** | 勉強**しません** |\n| 過去 | 勉強**しました** | 勉強**しませんでした** |\n\n:::warning\n**ません** と **ませんでした** を同じ時に使いません。\n\n- 今日（きょう）は運動（うんどう）し**ません**。\n- 昨日は運動し**ませんでした**。\n:::\n\n時間（じかん）を表すことばを先（さき）に見ると、形を判断（はんだん）しやすいです。\n\n## 4. 過去を示すことば\n\n次（つぎ）のことばは、過去形とよくいっしょに使います。\n\n- **昨日**：昨日、早（はや）く寝（ね）ました。\n- **おととい**：おととい、母（はは）に電話（でんわ）しました。\n- **先週**：先週、映画（えいが）を見（み）ました。\n- **去年（きょねん）**：去年は旅行（りょこう）しませんでした。\n\n時のことばがなくても、会話（かいわ）ですでに過去だと分かれば「ました・ませんでした」を使えます。\n\n## 5. 過去の質問（しつもん）と答え\n\n質問には **ましたか** 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