[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-page-ja-sou-da-to-gaiken-no-handan":3,"grammar-exercises-by-page-01a09a7b-ec9e-7841-928e-c4dedb67d77f":266,"exercise-list-path-ja-none":282},{"id":4,"title":5,"slug":6,"seoDescription":7,"content":8,"language":9,"level":10,"displayOrder":11,"grammarTopics":12,"createdAt":19,"updatedAt":20,"vocabularyLists":21,"primaryTopicHub":263,"readyImages":265},"01a09a7b-ec9e-7841-928e-c4dedb67d77f","そうだと外見の判断","sou-da-to-gaiken-no-handan","その場の様子から「〜しそうだ」「〜になりそうだ」と判断する用法を学びます。動詞のマス形の語幹、い形容詞の語幹、な形容詞に付ける形、いい→よさそう、名詞には直接付けない規則を表で整理します。そうにない・なさそうの否定、そうな／そうにへの変化も確認し、伝聞のそうだと混同せず、見た情報から推測できるようになります。","外見（がいけん）の **そうだ** は、目の前の様子や変化の兆（きざ）しを根拠（こんきょ）に、「その状態に見える」「もうすぐ起こるように見える」と判断（はんだん）する表現です。\n\n話し手が直接（ちょくせつ）見たり感じたりした情報から推測（すいそく）する点が、伝聞（でんぶん）の「そうだ」と違います。\n\n## 1. 見た様子から判断する\n\n動詞（どうし）に付くと、動作がまもなく起こる兆しを表します。形容詞（けいようし）に付くと、見た目から受けた印象（いんしょう）を表します。\n\n| 種類（しゅるい） | 例（れい） | 判断の根拠 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 動作の兆し | 空（そら）が暗いです。雨（あめ）が降（ふ）りそうです。 | 暗い空を見た |\n| 状態の印象 | この料理（りょうり）はおいしそうです。 | 料理の見た目を見た |\n| 人の様子 | 田中（たなか）さんは元気（げんき）そうです。 | 表情（ひょうじょう）や動きを見た |\n\n:::note\n「そうだ」は判断であり、事実（じじつ）の断定（だんてい）ではありません。**雨が降りそうです** と言っても、実際には降らないことがあります。\n:::\n\n## 2. 動詞はマス形の語幹に付ける\n\n動詞は「ます」を取った形、つまりマス形の語幹（ごかん）に **そうだ** を付けます。\n\n| 丁寧形（ていねいけい） | 語幹 | 外見の形 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 降ります | 降り | 降り**そうです** |\n| 落（お）ちます | 落ち | 落ち**そうです** |\n| 壊（こわ）れます | 壊れ | 壊れ**そうです** |\n| 始（はじ）まります | 始まり | 始まり**そうです** |\n\n:::example\n**そのコップはテーブルの端（はし）にあって、落ちそうです。**\n\n今の位置を見て、もうすぐ落ちる可能性（かのうせい）があると判断しています。\n:::\n\n## 3. 形容詞は語幹に付ける\n\nい形容詞は最後の **い** を取り、**そうだ** を付けます。な形容詞は「な／だ」を付けず、語幹に続けます。\n\n| もとの形 | 外見の形 |\n| --- | --- |\n| おいしい | おいし**そうです** |\n| 難（むずか）しい | 難し**そうです** |\n| いい | **よさそうです** |\n| 元気だ | 元気**そうです** |\n| 簡単（かんたん）だ | 簡単**そうです** |\n\n:::warning\n**いいそうです** は外見の形ではありません。「いい」は特別（とくべつ）に **よさそうです** となります。また、名詞（めいし）には外見の「そうだ」を直接付けず、「学生（がくせい）のようです」などを使います。\n:::\n\n## 4. 否定の二つの作り方\n\n「そうだ」全体を否定（ひてい）する形と、否定の状態がそう見える形を分けます。\n\n| 形 | 意味 | 例 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 動詞の語幹＋そうにない | 起こる兆しがない | 雨は降り**そうにありません**。 |\n| 否定の「ない」→なさそう | その性質ではないように見える | この料理はおいしく**なさそうです**。 |\n| な形容詞＋ではなさそう | その状態ではないように見える | 田中さんは元気**ではなさそうです**。 |\n\n:::tip\n動作が起こりそうにないなら **降りそうにない**、性質が否定的に見えるなら **おいしくなさそう** のように整理します。\n:::\n\n## 5. 名詞の前と動詞の前で形を変える\n\n「そうだ」は、後ろに続くことばによって形が変わります。\n\n- 文末：このケーキはおいし**そうです**。\n- 名詞の前：おいし**そうな**ケーキを買（か）いました。\n- 動詞の前：子どもたちは楽し**そうに**話（はな）しています。\n- 過去の印象：昨日（きのう）は元気**そうでした**。\n\n「そうな」は名詞を修飾（しゅうしょく）し、「そうに」は動作の様子を説明します。\n\n## 6. 伝聞の「そうだ」と比べる\n\n| 外見の判断 | 伝聞 | 違い |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 雨が降り**そうです**。 | 雨が降る**そうです**。 | 兆しを見る／情報を聞く |\n| おいし**そうです**。 | おいしい**そうです**。 | 見た印象／味について聞いた情報 |\n| 静（しず）か**そうです**。 | 静か**だそうです**。 | 見た印象／人から聞いた情報 |\n\n:::example\n窓（まど）の外を見て、**雨が降りそうです**。\n\n天気予報（てんきよほう）を聞いて、**雨が降るそうです**。\n:::\n\n1. 自分が直接見た様子から判断するなら、外見の「そうだ」です。\n2. 動詞ならマス形の語幹、形容詞なら語幹に付けます。\n3. 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