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","de-are-to-reiji-o-koeru-jouken",235,{"id":1188,"title":1189,"slug":1190,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1191},"01a09a7b-ebb7-7992-8713-aa129d1a1e39","にせよ・にしろと複数の仮定","ni-seyo-ni-shiro-to-fukusuu-no-katei",236,{"id":1193,"title":1194,"slug":1195,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1196},"01a09a7b-ed56-70ab-b13a-5aa70401279e","とあってと特別な事情","to-atte-to-tokubetsu-na-jijou",237,{"id":1198,"title":1199,"slug":1200,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1201},"01a09a7b-ed4f-7f72-a3c0-702a69d8efb0","とあればと特別な前提","to-areba-to-tokubetsu-na-zentei",238,{"id":1203,"title":1204,"slug":1205,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1206},"01a09a7b-eb54-7172-83b8-212e0660b39b","なくしてと不可欠な条件","naku-shite-to-fukaketsu-na-jouken",239,{"id":1208,"title":1209,"slug":1210,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1211},"01a09a7b-ec33-76d7-820c-b54371c3b0aa","をもってと期限・手段の宣言","o-motte-to-kigen-shudan-no-sengen",240,{"id":1213,"title":1214,"slug":1215,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1216},"01a09a7b-ec27-7f99-bac3-4733b30f267a","を禁じ得ないと抑えられない感情","o-kinji-enai-to-osaerarenai-kanjou",241,{"id":1218,"title":1219,"slug":1220,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1221},"01a09a7b-ebc2-7a26-a6a8-811ef87212d3","に堪えないと感情の極み","ni-taenai-to-kanjou-no-kiwami",242,{"id":1223,"title":1224,"slug":1225,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1226},"01a09a7b-ea80-7f49-a05f-ee4b16fd6ff0","極まりない・極まると極端な評価","kiwamarinai-kiwamaru-to-kyokutan-na-hyouka",243,{"id":1228,"title":1229,"slug":1230,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1231},"01a09a7b-e8ef-7e0f-87a6-e0b7637d3dba","文中の時制と視点の移動","bunchuu-no-jisei-to-shiten-no-idou",244,{"id":1233,"title":1234,"slug":1235,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1236},"01a09a7b-e9a1-7bd2-a6d1-a5a5d3080392","法令・論文・報道における文体の選択","hourei-ronbun-houdou-ni-okeru-buntai-no-sentaku",245,{"id":831,"title":832,"slug":833,"seoDescription":1238,"content":1239,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":834,"grammarTopics":1240,"createdAt":1246,"updatedAt":1247,"vocabularyLists":1248,"primaryTopicHub":1409,"readyImages":1411},"「という」を使い、固有の名前や呼び名を名詞に結ぶ形、発言・知らせ・考えなどの具体的な内容を後ろの名詞に結ぶ形を学びます。通常の連体修飾との違い、定義や意味説明での使い方、不要になりやすい場合も整理します。名称と命題内容を混同せず、後ろの名詞との関係を明確に示す自然な文を作れるようになります。","**という**は、名前や呼び名を名詞に結び付けたり、文が表す内容を後ろの名詞に結び付けたりします。どちらも後ろの名詞を修飾しますが、前に置く情報の種類が異なります。\n\n## 名前や呼び名を示す\n\n**名前＋という＋種類を表す名詞**で、「その名前を持つもの」という意味になります。\n\n| 形 | 例 | 関係 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 名前＋という＋人 | 佐藤という研究者 | 研究者の名前が佐藤 |\n| 名前＋という＋場所 | 小浜という町 | 町の名前が小浜 |\n| 呼び名＋という＋制度 | 時差出勤という制度 | 制度の呼び名が時差出勤 |\n\n:::example\n昨日、「ひかり」という喫茶店に入りました。その店には、朝定食という人気の料理がありました。\n:::\n\n:::tip\n固有名だけでは相手が何を指すか分からないとき、後ろに種類を置くと情報が整理されます。\n:::\n\n## 文の内容を名詞に結ぶ\n\n**普通形の文＋という＋名詞**は、知らせ、報告、方針、うわさなどの中身を示します。\n\n**という**の前には普通形を使います。丁寧形は使いません。**× 来月、支店を閉めますという知らせ**ではなく、**来月、支店を閉めるという知らせ**と言います。\n\n| 後ろの名詞 | 例 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 知らせ | 来月、支店を閉めるという知らせが届きました。 |\n| 報告 | 事故の原因を再調査するという報告を受けました。 |\n| 方針 | 海外出張を原則オンラインにするという方針が示されました。 |\n| うわさ | あの会社が買収されるといううわさが広がっています。 |\n\n名詞とな形容詞の現在肯定では、「だ」を入れて内容を明確にできます。「明日は休みだという連絡」「この方法は安全だという説明」のように使います。\n\n### 内容を受ける名詞との組み合わせ\n\n「可能性」では、文を直接前に置く形が広く使えます。たとえば「台風が上陸する可能性」と言えます。一方、「彼が来る話」は文脈によって「彼が来る筋の話」とも読めます。発言・伝達・決定の中身を示す「話」「報告」「うわさ」「方針」では、**という**を入れると、何についての話や報告かが明確になります。\n\n話し言葉では、**という**が**って**になることがあります。**来るって話**、**佐藤さんっていう人**のように言いますが、書き言葉や丁寧な場面では**という**を使います。\n\n## 関連する表現\n\n「という」を含む形には、内容をまとめたり、言い直したりする用法もあります。\n\n| 形 | 働き | 例 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 〜ということ | 文の内容を一つの事実・事項として扱う | 担当者が変更になるということを、全員に知らせた。 |\n| 〜といった | 代表例を挙げる | 研究者や行政担当者といった関係者が参加した。 |\n| 〜というより | より適切な言い方に直す | これは失敗というより、準備不足の結果だ。 |\n| 〜というもの | 概念を一般的に取り上げる | 信頼というものは、短時間では築けない。 |\n\n## 「ということ」と「の」\n\n**〜の**は、見たこと・聞いたことなど、動作や出来事を直接受ける名詞化に使われます。**彼が来るのを見た**のように言います。\n\n**〜ということ**は、文の内容を一つの事実や情報として取り上げるときに使います。**彼が来るということを知った**のように言います。\n\n## 普通の連体修飾と比べる\n\n日本語では、文をそのまま名詞の前に置く連体修飾（れんたいしゅうしょく）もできます。しかし、発言や命題（めいだい）の内容を示すときは「という」が関係を明確にします。\n\n| 形 | 自然な役割 | 例 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 文＋名詞 | 人・物・時などを直接限定する | 昨日届いた手紙を読みました。 |\n| 文＋という＋名詞 | 手紙などが伝える内容を示す | 合格したという手紙が届きました。 |\n\n:::warning\n**合格した手紙**では、手紙そのものが合格したようにも読めます。内容を表すなら、**合格したという手紙**として関係を示します。\n:::\n\n## 定義や意味を説明する\n\n「とは」「というのは」「という意味だ」などにも、名前と内容を結ぶ働きが残っています。\n\n:::note\n名前を紹介する**ＡというＢ**と、名称を決める**ＡをＢという**では、語順と助詞が異なります。前者は名詞修飾、後者は「呼ぶ」という述語の働きです。\n:::\n\n- 「節電」とは、電気の使用を減らすことです。\n- 「立入禁止」というのは、中に入ってはいけないという意味です。\n- この地域では、共同作業を「結（ゆ）い」といいます。\n\n## 省ける場合と残す場合\n\n内容節と後ろの名詞の関係が明らかなとき、「という」は省けることがあります。\n\n| 種類 | 「という」を残す | 短い形・注意 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 内容節＋可能性 | 台風が上陸するという可能性があります。 | 台風が上陸する可能性があります。 |\n| 内容節＋話 | 彼が来るという話を聞きました。 | 「彼が来る話」は口語で文脈が十分なら言えますが、「彼が来る筋の話」とも読めます。**という**を残すほうが安全です。 |\n| 名前＋種類名詞 | 山田という人から電話がありました。 | **× 山田人から電話がありました。**　名前＋という＋種類名詞では、「という」を単純に省けません。 |\n\n「山田という人」を「山田さん」にするのは、「という」を省いたのではなく、後ろの名詞を入れ替えた言い換えです。名前の紹介を明示したい場合や、後ろの名詞が発言・判断の内容を受ける場合は、「という」を残したほうが誤解を避けやすくなります。\n\n## 関係を見分ける手順\n\n1. 前の部分が名前・呼び名か、一つの文の内容かを確認します。\n2. 後ろの名詞が人や場所の種類なら、名前を紹介する可能性があります。\n3. 後ろの名詞が知らせ、意見、事実などなら、その中身を示します。\n4. 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id=\"section\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>名前や呼び名を示す\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>名前＋という＋種類を表す名詞\u003C\u002Fstrong>で、「その名前を持つもの」という意味になります。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>形\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>関係\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>名前＋という＋人\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>佐藤という研究者\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>研究者の名前が佐藤\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>名前＋という＋場所\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>小浜という町\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>町の名前が小浜\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>呼び名＋という＋制度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>時差出勤という制度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>制度の呼び名が時差出勤\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>昨日、「ひかり」という喫茶店に入りました。その店には、朝定食という人気の料理がありました。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>固有名だけでは相手が何を指すか分からないとき、後ろに種類を置くと情報が整理されます。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>文の内容を名詞に結ぶ\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>普通形の文＋という＋名詞\u003C\u002Fstrong>は、知らせ、報告、方針、うわさなどの中身を示します。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>という\u003C\u002Fstrong>の前には普通形を使います。丁寧形は使いません。\u003Cstrong>× 来月、支店を閉めますという知らせ\u003C\u002Fstrong>ではなく、\u003Cstrong>来月、支店を閉めるという知らせ\u003C\u002Fstrong>と言います。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>後ろの名詞\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>知らせ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>来月、支店を閉めるという知らせが届きました。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>報告\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>事故の原因を再調査するという報告を受けました。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>方針\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>海外出張を原則オンラインにするという方針が示されました。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>うわさ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>あの会社が買収されるといううわさが広がっています。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>名詞とな形容詞の現在肯定では、「だ」を入れて内容を明確にできます。「明日は休みだという連絡」「この方法は安全だという説明」のように使います。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"section-3\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.1\u003C\u002Fspan>内容を受ける名詞との組み合わせ\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>「可能性」では、文を直接前に置く形が広く使えます。たとえば「台風が上陸する可能性」と言えます。一方、「彼が来る話」は文脈によって「彼が来る筋の話」とも読めます。発言・伝達・決定の中身を示す「話」「報告」「うわさ」「方針」では、\u003Cstrong>という\u003C\u002Fstrong>を入れると、何についての話や報告かが明確になります。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>話し言葉では、\u003Cstrong>という\u003C\u002Fstrong>が\u003Cstrong>って\u003C\u002Fstrong>になることがあります。\u003Cstrong>来るって話\u003C\u002Fstrong>、\u003Cstrong>佐藤さんっていう人\u003C\u002Fstrong>のように言いますが、書き言葉や丁寧な場面では\u003Cstrong>という\u003C\u002Fstrong>を使います。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-4\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>関連する表現\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>「という」を含む形には、内容をまとめたり、言い直したりする用法もあります。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>形\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>働き\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>〜ということ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>文の内容を一つの事実・事項として扱う\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>担当者が変更になるということを、全員に知らせた。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>〜といった\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>代表例を挙げる\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>研究者や行政担当者といった関係者が参加した。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>〜というより\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>より適切な言い方に直す\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>これは失敗というより、準備不足の結果だ。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>〜というもの\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>概念を一般的に取り上げる\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>信頼というものは、短時間では築けない。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-5\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>「ということ」と「の」\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>〜の\u003C\u002Fstrong>は、見たこと・聞いたことなど、動作や出来事を直接受ける名詞化に使われます。\u003Cstrong>彼が来るのを見た\u003C\u002Fstrong>のように言います。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>〜ということ\u003C\u002Fstrong>は、文の内容を一つの事実や情報として取り上げるときに使います。\u003Cstrong>彼が来るということを知った\u003C\u002Fstrong>のように言います。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-6\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>普通の連体修飾と比べる\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>日本語では、文をそのまま名詞の前に置く連体修飾（れんたいしゅうしょく）もできます。しかし、発言や命題（めいだい）の内容を示すときは「という」が関係を明確にします。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>形\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>自然な役割\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>文＋名詞\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>人・物・時などを直接限定する\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>昨日届いた手紙を読みました。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>文＋という＋名詞\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>手紙などが伝える内容を示す\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>合格したという手紙が届きました。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>合格した手紙\u003C\u002Fstrong>では、手紙そのものが合格したようにも読めます。内容を表すなら、\u003Cstrong>合格したという手紙\u003C\u002Fstrong>として関係を示します。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-7\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">6.\u003C\u002Fspan>定義や意味を説明する\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>「とは」「というのは」「という意味だ」などにも、名前と内容を結ぶ働きが残っています。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>名前を紹介する\u003Cstrong>ＡというＢ\u003C\u002Fstrong>と、名称を決める\u003Cstrong>ＡをＢという\u003C\u002Fstrong>では、語順と助詞が異なります。前者は名詞修飾、後者は「呼ぶ」という述語の働きです。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>「節電」とは、電気の使用を減らすことです。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>「立入禁止」というのは、中に入ってはいけないという意味です。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>この地域では、共同作業を「結（ゆ）い」といいます。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-8\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">7.\u003C\u002Fspan>省ける場合と残す場合\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>内容節と後ろの名詞の関係が明らかなとき、「という」は省けることがあります。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>種類\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>「という」を残す\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>短い形・注意\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>内容節＋可能性\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>台風が上陸するという可能性があります。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>台風が上陸する可能性があります。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>内容節＋話\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>彼が来るという話を聞きました。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>「彼が来る話」は口語で文脈が十分なら言えますが、「彼が来る筋の話」とも読めます。\u003Cstrong>という\u003C\u002Fstrong>を残すほうが安全です。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>名前＋種類名詞\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>山田という人から電話がありました。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>× 山田人から電話がありました。\u003C\u002Fstrong>　名前＋という＋種類名詞では、「という」を単純に省けません。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>「山田という人」を「山田さん」にするのは、「という」を省いたのではなく、後ろの名詞を入れ替えた言い換えです。名前の紹介を明示したい場合や、後ろの名詞が発言・判断の内容を受ける場合は、「という」を残したほうが誤解を避けやすくなります。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-9\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">8.\u003C\u002Fspan>関係を見分ける手順\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>前の部分が名前・呼び名か、一つの文の内容かを確認します。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>後ろの名詞が人や場所の種類なら、名前を紹介する可能性があります。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>後ろの名詞が知らせ、意見、事実などなら、その中身を示します。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>単なる直接修飾で十分なら、「という」を省いた形も検討します。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n",[1493,1497,1501,1505,1509,1513,1517,1521,1525],{"id":1494,"text":1495,"depth":16,"number":1496},"section","名前や呼び名を示す","1",{"id":1498,"text":1499,"depth":16,"number":1500},"section-2","文の内容を名詞に結ぶ","2",{"id":1502,"text":1503,"depth":21,"number":1504},"section-3","内容を受ける名詞との組み合わせ","2.1",{"id":1506,"text":1507,"depth":16,"number":1508},"section-4","関連する表現","3",{"id":1510,"text":1511,"depth":16,"number":1512},"section-5","「ということ」と「の」","4",{"id":1514,"text":1515,"depth":16,"number":1516},"section-6","普通の連体修飾と比べる","5",{"id":1518,"text":1519,"depth":16,"number":1520},"section-7","定義や意味を説明する","6",{"id":1522,"text":1523,"depth":16,"number":1524},"section-8","省ける場合と残す場合","7",{"id":1526,"text":1527,"depth":16,"number":1528},"section-9","関係を見分ける手順","8"]