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,"であれと例示を超える条件","de-are-to-reiji-o-koeru-jouken",235,{"id":1188,"title":1189,"slug":1190,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1191},"01a09a7b-ebb7-7992-8713-aa129d1a1e39","にせよ・にしろと複数の仮定","ni-seyo-ni-shiro-to-fukusuu-no-katei",236,{"id":1193,"title":1194,"slug":1195,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1196},"01a09a7b-ed56-70ab-b13a-5aa70401279e","とあってと特別な事情","to-atte-to-tokubetsu-na-jijou",237,{"id":1198,"title":1199,"slug":1200,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1201},"01a09a7b-ed4f-7f72-a3c0-702a69d8efb0","とあればと特別な前提","to-areba-to-tokubetsu-na-zentei",238,{"id":1203,"title":1204,"slug":1205,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1206},"01a09a7b-eb54-7172-83b8-212e0660b39b","なくしてと不可欠な条件","naku-shite-to-fukaketsu-na-jouken",239,{"id":1208,"title":1209,"slug":1210,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1211},"01a09a7b-ec33-76d7-820c-b54371c3b0aa","をもってと期限・手段の宣言","o-motte-to-kigen-shudan-no-sengen",240,{"id":1213,"title":1214,"slug":1215,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1216},"01a09a7b-ec27-7f99-bac3-4733b30f267a","を禁じ得ないと抑えられない感情","o-kinji-enai-to-osaerarenai-kanjou",241,{"id":1218,"title":1219,"slug":1220,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1221},"01a09a7b-ebc2-7a26-a6a8-811ef87212d3","に堪えないと感情の極み","ni-taenai-to-kanjou-no-kiwami",242,{"id":1223,"title":1224,"slug":1225,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1226},"01a09a7b-ea80-7f49-a05f-ee4b16fd6ff0","極まりない・極まると極端な評価","kiwamarinai-kiwamaru-to-kyokutan-na-hyouka",243,{"id":1228,"title":1229,"slug":1230,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1231},"01a09a7b-e8ef-7e0f-87a6-e0b7637d3dba","文中の時制と視点の移動","bunchuu-no-jisei-to-shiten-no-idou",244,{"id":1233,"title":1234,"slug":1235,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1236},"01a09a7b-e9a1-7bd2-a6d1-a5a5d3080392","法令・論文・報道における文体の選択","hourei-ronbun-houdou-ni-okeru-buntai-no-sentaku",245,{"id":721,"title":722,"slug":723,"seoDescription":1238,"content":1239,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":724,"grammarTopics":1240,"createdAt":1246,"updatedAt":1247,"vocabularyLists":1248,"primaryTopicHub":1317,"readyImages":1319},"レル・ラレルが受身と尊敬の両方を表す仕組みを学び、主語が動作を受ける側か、敬意を向ける動作主かを助詞と文脈から判定します。対象がは・がになり動作主をにで示す受身、尊敬する人がは・がのまま目的語ををで取る形、来られる・読まれるなど曖昧な文、いらっしゃる・お読みになるによる明確化を例で確認します。","動詞（どうし）の**レル・ラレル**には、受身（うけみ）、尊敬表現（そんけいひょうげん）、可能（かのう）、自発（じはつ）という四つの働きがあります。自発は「思い出される」「案（あん）じられる」のように、自然にそう感じることを表します。このページでは、特に受身と尊敬表現の区別を扱い、後で可能との曖昧さにも触れます。\n\n区別（くべつ）の鍵（かぎ）は、主語（しゅご）が動作を受ける人・物なのか、それとも敬意（けいい）を向ける動作主なのかを確かめることです。\n\n## 一　同じ形で二つの働き\n\n「読まれる」は「読む」の受身形（うけみけい）であると同時に、「お読みになる」に近い尊敬の形にもなります。\n\n| 働き | 文 | 主語の役割（やくわり） |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 受身 | この本は先生に**読まれました**。 | 本が読む動作を受ける |\n| 尊敬 | 先生はこの本を**読まれました**。 | 先生が読む動作をする |\n\n:::example\n**部長（ぶちょう）が資料（しりょう）を読まれました。**\n\n「部長」が読む人であり、敬意を向ける相手なので尊敬表現です。\n\n**資料が部長に読まれました。**\n\n「資料」が読む動作を受けるので受身です。\n:::\n\n### 尊敬のレル・ラレルの作り方\n\n尊敬のレル・ラレルは受身形と同じ形です。形だけで決めず、助詞と文脈を確認します。\n\n| 動詞の種類 | 辞書形 | 尊敬のレル・ラレル |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 五段動詞 | 書く | 書かれる |\n| 一段動詞 | 見る | 見られる |\n| 来る | 来る | 来られる |\n| する | する | される |\n\n尊敬のレル・ラレルは、自分や身内の動作を高めるためには使いません。また、**お読みになられる** のように尊敬表現を重ねる二重敬語にも注意します。**食べられる・見られる** は可能の意味と衝突しやすいため、重要な場面では **召し上がる・ご覧になる** を選ぶと安全です。\n\n## 二　受身の助詞の枠\n\n直接受身（ちょくせつうけみ）では、能動文（のうどうぶん）の対象（たいしょう）が「は・が」になり、元の動作主は普通「に」で示されます。\n\n| 能動文 | 受身文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 先生**が**作文（さくぶん）**を**褒（ほ）めました。 | 作文**は**先生**に**褒められました。 |\n| 記者（きしゃ）**が**社長**を**取材しました。 | 社長**は**記者**に**取材されました。 |\n\n:::tip\n受身か迷ったら、「誰がその動作をしたか」を探します。動作主が「に」で示され、主語がその動作を受けていれば受身です。\n:::\n\n動作主が省略（しょうりゃく）される受身もあります。「新しい制度（せいど）が発表されました」では、制度は発表する側ではありません。\n\n## 三　尊敬表現の助詞の枠\n\n尊敬のレル・ラレルでは、敬意を向ける人自身が動作主です。その人は「は・が」で、動作の対象は元の「を」のままです。\n\n| 普通の文 | 尊敬表現 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 先生**は**本**を**読みました。 | 先生**は**本**を**読まれました。 |\n| 社長**が**会議（かいぎ）で話しました。 | 社長**が**会議で話されました。 |\n\n:::note\n尊敬のレル・ラレルは、特別な尊敬語より少し軽い敬意を表すことがあります。場面や地域（ちいき）によって使用の自然さにも差があります。\n:::\n\n## 四　来られるの解釈\n\n「来（こ）られる」も複数の意味を持ちます。助詞と文脈（ぶんみゃく）を見ます。\n\n- 先生**が**会場（かいじょう）に来られました。――先生を高める尊敬表現です。\n- 私**は**急に先生**に**来られて、準備が間に合いませんでした。――先生の来訪（らいほう）から影響を受ける間接受身です。\n- 先生は明日来られます。――文脈によって尊敬または可能（かのう）に読めます。\n\n最後の文は形だけでは決まりません。可能の意味なら、**雪でも来られますか。** のように、条件や能力を問う文脈になりやすいです。「先生の予定」を丁寧に述べるなら尊敬になりやすいです。\n\n## 五　曖昧さを避ける\n\n主語や目的語が省略されると、「先生が褒められました」のような文は二通りに読める場合があります。先生が誰かに褒められた受身か、先生が誰かを褒めた尊敬かは、文脈が必要です。\n\n:::warning\n重要な案内（あんない）や報告（ほうこく）では、形だけに頼らず主語・対象・動作主を明示（めいじ）するか、別の尊敬語を選びます。\n:::\n\n| 曖昧になり得る形 | 明確な尊敬表現 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 先生が来られました。 | 先生が**いらっしゃいました**。 |\n| 部長が資料を読まれました。 | 部長が資料を**お読みになりました**。 |\n| 社長が昼食を食べられました。 | 社長が昼食を**召（め）し上がりました**。 |\n\n## 六　判定の手順\n\n次の順番で文の役割を確認（かくにん）します。\n\n1. 主語は、動作をする人ですか、受ける人・物ですか。\n2. 動作主が「に」で示されていますか。\n3. 目的語の「を」が残り、主語が敬意を向ける人物なら、尊敬の可能性を考えます。\n4. 「来られる・食べられる」では、可能の意味も文脈から確認します。\n5. 誤解の恐れがあれば、特別な尊敬語や「お～になる」で言い換えます。\n\n:::example\n**この報告書（ほうこくしょ）は部長に確認されました。**――受身です。\n\n**部長はこの報告書を確認されました。**――尊敬表現です。\n:::\n\n## まとめ\n\n- 同じレル・ラレルでも、主語の意味役割と助詞の枠は異なります。\n- 受身は受け手中心、尊敬表現は敬意を向ける動作主中心です。",[1241],{"id":1242,"name":1243,"level":683,"language":9,"isCompleted":1244,"completionPercentage":1245,"totalExercises":46,"completedExercises":1245},"01a09c0e-97a4-71ee-b228-10a816aa9924","高度な受身・使役と出来事文",false,0,"2026-09-13T11:16:48+00:00","2026-10-11T12:53:35+00:00",[1249],{"id":1250,"title":1251,"vocabularyListWords":1252,"isPublished":1263},"01a09a7c-7cb6-74ee-b3e1-eb3cdb420210","受身・尊敬を区別する表現",[1253,1265,1275,1286,1297,1307],{"id":1254,"vocabularyWord":1255,"displayOrder":11},"01a09a7c-7cb6-754a-b3e1-eb3cdb553ef0",{"id":1256,"word":1257,"frequency":56,"level":452,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1258,"partsOfSpeech":1259,"audio":1263,"audioUrl":1264},"01a09a7c-29ee-774c-9640-f802a9b290e1","れる","tts_0cfca58f3d617163_ja-JP.mp3",[1260],{"id":1261,"partOfSpeech":1262,"isPrimary":1263,"meaningOrder":11},"01a09a7c-2a2b-7eea-a4ef-f4bde7f89b47","AUXILIARY_VERB",true,"\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_0cfca58f3d617163_ja-JP.mp3",{"id":1266,"vocabularyWord":1267,"displayOrder":16},"01a09a7c-7cb6-757e-b3e1-eb3cdb7aa4ea",{"id":1268,"word":1269,"frequency":41,"level":452,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1270,"partsOfSpeech":1271,"audio":1263,"audioUrl":1274},"01a09a7c-2955-7e19-adca-5c9d7d3b7696","られる","tts_6013d5ac14e6b441_ja-JP.mp3",[1272],{"id":1273,"partOfSpeech":1262,"isPrimary":1263,"meaningOrder":11},"01a09a7c-299a-7d66-b480-e19ca82397c5","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_6013d5ac14e6b441_ja-JP.mp3",{"id":1276,"vocabularyWord":1277,"displayOrder":21},"01a09a7c-7cb6-75a2-b3e1-eb3cdc1ceb01",{"id":1278,"word":1279,"frequency":41,"level":452,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1280,"partsOfSpeech":1281,"audio":1263,"audioUrl":1285},"01a09a7c-2f00-72bf-8bcf-db0d097fdc87","いらっしゃる","tts_075f998ccfb5bb5f_ja-JP.mp3",[1282],{"id":1283,"partOfSpeech":1284,"isPrimary":1263,"meaningOrder":11},"01a09a7c-2f1b-79a4-9a06-1a28c980cc15","VERB","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_075f998ccfb5bb5f_ja-JP.mp3",{"id":1287,"vocabularyWord":1288,"displayOrder":26},"01a09a7c-7cb6-75c2-b3e1-eb3cdd116228",{"id":1289,"word":1290,"frequency":16,"level":452,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1291,"partsOfSpeech":1292,"audio":1263,"audioUrl":1296},"01a09a7c-2f0c-7619-96b1-ba8423981e7b","お〜になる","tts_30febbaae7fc4204_ja-JP.mp3",[1293],{"id":1294,"partOfSpeech":1295,"isPrimary":1263,"meaningOrder":11},"01a09a7c-2f1c-783a-84f5-f644bcb58165","PHRASE","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_30febbaae7fc4204_ja-JP.mp3",{"id":1298,"vocabularyWord":1299,"displayOrder":31},"01a09a7c-7cb6-75e2-b3e1-eb3cddc8bd38",{"id":1300,"word":1301,"frequency":31,"level":452,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1302,"partsOfSpeech":1303,"audio":1263,"audioUrl":1306},"01a09a7c-3015-7133-b92f-2346fd0089f9","ご覧になる","tts_0d25ed46ae5e4389_ja-JP.mp3",[1304],{"id":1305,"partOfSpeech":1284,"isPrimary":1263,"meaningOrder":11},"01a09a7c-303e-7ed5-9f1f-77b96ecbeafe","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_0d25ed46ae5e4389_ja-JP.mp3",{"id":1308,"vocabularyWord":1309,"displayOrder":36},"01a09a7c-7cb6-75fe-b3e1-eb3cdea11a3d",{"id":1310,"word":1311,"frequency":31,"level":899,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1312,"partsOfSpeech":1313,"audio":1263,"audioUrl":1316},"01a09a7c-2f72-7990-ae89-af32e0403cbc","召し上がる","tts_19f86cb2c64d9b08_ja-JP.mp3",[1314],{"id":1315,"partOfSpeech":1284,"isPrimary":1263,"meaningOrder":11},"01a09a7c-2fab-7cca-8936-35572827d9a0","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_19f86cb2c64d9b08_ja-JP.mp3",{"name":1243,"slug":1318,"language":9},"ukemi-kei-to-sonkei-hyougen-no-kubetsu-b2",[],{"id":1242,"name":1243,"slug":1318,"language":9,"level":683,"introduction":1321,"lessonCount":26,"totalExercises":46,"objectives":1322,"prerequisites":1326,"lessons":1328},"この学習パスでは「受身形と尊敬表現の区別」から「出来事を表す自動詞的な文」へ進み、高度な受身・使役と出来事文を段階的に学びます。各課の形・意味・使い分けを結び付け、実際の文脈で選べる力を養います。",[1323,1324,1325],"「受身形と尊敬表現の区別」の形と働きを理解し、文脈に合わせて使える。","「使役受身形の作り方」の形と働きを理解し、文脈に合わせて使える。","「によってと無生物主語の受身」の形と働きを理解し、文脈に合わせて使える。",[1327],"B1までの普通形・複文・モダリティの基本を使い分けられる。",[1329,1340,1350,1360],{"id":721,"contentId":1330,"slug":723,"title":722,"level":683,"summary":1331,"order":11,"exercises":1332},"pg_49c3c620-e22c-4e07-9989-0624ae9c590a","動詞のレル・ラレルには、受身、尊敬表現、可能、自発という四つの働きがあります。自発は「思い出される」「案じられる」のように、自然にそう感じることを表します。",[1333,1337],{"id":1334,"title":1335,"order":1245,"type":1336},"01a09a7c-21ef-7800-a212-b3ce9f40a7a8","主語と助詞で受身・尊敬を判定","word_select",{"id":1338,"title":1339,"order":11,"type":1336},"01a09a7c-2205-7981-989b-2e09e095f807","曖昧な形を文脈と明確な言い換えで読む",{"id":726,"contentId":1341,"slug":728,"title":727,"level":683,"summary":1342,"order":16,"exercises":1343},"pg_304b7978-516a-4c0c-b648-0641602eb72f","使役受身形は、使役形と受身形を組み合わせ、「だれかにある行動をさせられる」立場から出来事を述べる形です。 形が長いため、一グループには会話で広く使われる短縮形もあります。",[1344,1347],{"id":1345,"title":1346,"order":1245,"type":1336},"01a09a7c-152e-7892-8749-652f4d08b241","長い形と一グループの短縮形",{"id":1348,"title":1349,"order":11,"type":1336},"01a09a7c-1543-7180-ba49-bae7c4ad55c9","行為者の視点・活用・意味",{"id":736,"contentId":1351,"slug":738,"title":737,"level":683,"summary":1352,"order":21,"exercises":1353},"pg_21240842-c293-4e99-bc3a-4cb0f14c4f37","無生物主語の受身は、物・制度・作品などを主題にし、それに行われた動作や結果を述べる形です。ニュース、説明文、研究文などでよく使われます。",[1354,1357],{"id":1355,"title":1356,"order":1245,"type":1336},"01a09a7c-0f7c-72bb-ac11-d990503612da","対象を主題にする受身",{"id":1358,"title":1359,"order":11,"type":1336},"01a09a7c-0f92-7537-9316-301ca33924fc","文体とによっての働き",{"id":741,"contentId":1361,"slug":743,"title":742,"level":683,"summary":1362,"order":26,"exercises":1363},"pg_a2bec3de-779d-42fb-9a12-fcc6a0619324","日本語では、誰がしたかより、出来事や変化そのものを中心に伝えることがあります。自動詞を使う文は、この視点に向いています。",[1364,1367],{"id":1365,"title":1366,"order":1245,"type":1336},"01a09a7b-f26d-72da-86fb-033e90545c0a","出来事中心と行為者中心",{"id":1368,"title":1369,"order":11,"type":1336},"01a09a7b-f282-7a84-b54c-900cf6fd8aa2","主語の省略と原因・責任",[1371,1377],{"@id":1372,"@type":1373,"id":1334,"grammarPage":1374,"title":1335,"instructions":1375,"displayOrder":1245,"type":1336,"questionCount":66,"blankCount":66,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1376},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a09a7c-21ef-7800-a212-b3ce9f40a7a8","GrammarExercise","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a09a7b-edd4-7497-a55a-e19f8effa221","主語が動作をする側か受ける側か、動作主と対象にどの助詞が付くかを確認してください。","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_0768b8fd-c5b3-4c9a-b4db-2cb37063fb28_hero.webp?v=1789298221",{"@id":1378,"@type":1373,"id":1338,"grammarPage":1374,"title":1339,"instructions":1379,"displayOrder":11,"type":1336,"questionCount":66,"blankCount":66,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1380},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a09a7c-2205-7981-989b-2e09e095f807","「来られる」などの文脈を読み、尊敬・受身・可能を見分け、誤解の少ない言い換えを選んでください。","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_0bd4677d-b643-4733-96ad-6480dc12af73_hero.webp?v=1789298221",{"id":1334,"grammarPage":1374,"title":1335,"instructions":1375,"seoTitle":1382,"seoDescription":1383,"displayOrder":1245,"type":1336,"questions":1384,"ogImageUrl":1376},"主語と助詞で受身と尊敬を判定する","「本が先生に読まれました」は受身、「先生はこの本を読まれました」は尊敬というように、主語が動作をする側か受ける側か、助詞の付き方から判断して空欄の選択肢から選ぶ練習です。学校の図書室や先生の行動を題材に、同じ「れる・られる」の形が表す二つの意味を、文の構造を手掛かりに確実に区別できるようになります。",[1385],{"id":1386,"sentenceTemplate":1387,"displayOrder":1245,"explanation":1388,"exampleSentence":1389,"blanks":1390},"01a09a7c-21ef-79fc-a212-b3cea1e21506","図書室の本が先生__1__読まれました。","「本が」が読む動作を受ける主語です。読む人である先生には、受身の動作主を示す「に」を付けます。「が」では主語が重なり、「を」では先生が読む対象になってしまいます。","この原稿は編集者に確認されました。",[1391],{"id":1392,"blankNumber":11,"options":1393},"01a09a7c-21ef-79b4-a212-b3cea135c3d8",[1394,1397,1400],{"id":1395,"optionText":1396,"isCorrect":1263,"displayOrder":1245},"01a09a7c-21ef-7928-a212-b3cea002c185","に",{"id":1398,"optionText":1399,"isCorrect":1244,"displayOrder":11},"01a09a7c-21ef-7964-a212-b3cea0ca51e3","が",{"id":1401,"optionText":1402,"isCorrect":1244,"displayOrder":16},"01a09a7c-21ef-7990-a212-b3cea11515f8","を",{"html":1404,"toc":1405},"\u003Cp>動詞（どうし）の\u003Cstrong>レル・ラレル\u003C\u002Fstrong>には、受身（うけみ）、尊敬表現（そんけいひょうげん）、可能（かのう）、自発（じはつ）という四つの働きがあります。自発は「思い出される」「案（あん）じられる」のように、自然にそう感じることを表します。このページでは、特に受身と尊敬表現の区別を扱い、後で可能との曖昧さにも触れます。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>区別（くべつ）の鍵（かぎ）は、主語（しゅご）が動作を受ける人・物なのか、それとも敬意（けいい）を向ける動作主なのかを確かめることです。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>一　同じ形で二つの働き\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>「読まれる」は「読む」の受身形（うけみけい）であると同時に、「お読みになる」に近い尊敬の形にもなります。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>働き\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>文\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>主語の役割（やくわり）\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>受身\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>この本は先生に\u003Cstrong>読まれました\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>本が読む動作を受ける\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>尊敬\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>先生はこの本を\u003Cstrong>読まれました\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>先生が読む動作をする\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>部長（ぶちょう）が資料（しりょう）を読まれました。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>「部長」が読む人であり、敬意を向ける相手なので尊敬表現です。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>資料が部長に読まれました。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>「資料」が読む動作を受けるので受身です。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"section-2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.1\u003C\u002Fspan>尊敬のレル・ラレルの作り方\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>尊敬のレル・ラレルは受身形と同じ形です。形だけで決めず、助詞と文脈を確認します。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>動詞の種類\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>辞書形\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>尊敬のレル・ラレル\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>五段動詞\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>書く\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>書かれる\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>一段動詞\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>見る\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>見られる\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>来る\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>来る\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>来られる\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>する\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>する\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>される\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>尊敬のレル・ラレルは、自分や身内の動作を高めるためには使いません。また、\u003Cstrong>お読みになられる\u003C\u002Fstrong> のように尊敬表現を重ねる二重敬語にも注意します。\u003Cstrong>食べられる・見られる\u003C\u002Fstrong> は可能の意味と衝突しやすいため、重要な場面では \u003Cstrong>召し上がる・ご覧になる\u003C\u002Fstrong> を選ぶと安全です。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-3\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>二　受身の助詞の枠\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>直接受身（ちょくせつうけみ）では、能動文（のうどうぶん）の対象（たいしょう）が「は・が」になり、元の動作主は普通「に」で示されます。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>能動文\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>受身文\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>先生\u003Cstrong>が\u003C\u002Fstrong>作文（さくぶん）\u003Cstrong>を\u003C\u002Fstrong>褒（ほ）めました。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>作文\u003Cstrong>は\u003C\u002Fstrong>先生\u003Cstrong>に\u003C\u002Fstrong>褒められました。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>記者（きしゃ）\u003Cstrong>が\u003C\u002Fstrong>社長\u003Cstrong>を\u003C\u002Fstrong>取材しました。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>社長\u003Cstrong>は\u003C\u002Fstrong>記者\u003Cstrong>に\u003C\u002Fstrong>取材されました。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>受身か迷ったら、「誰がその動作をしたか」を探します。動作主が「に」で示され、主語がその動作を受けていれば受身です。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>動作主が省略（しょうりゃく）される受身もあります。「新しい制度（せいど）が発表されました」では、制度は発表する側ではありません。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-4\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>三　尊敬表現の助詞の枠\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>尊敬のレル・ラレルでは、敬意を向ける人自身が動作主です。その人は「は・が」で、動作の対象は元の「を」のままです。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>普通の文\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>尊敬表現\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>先生\u003Cstrong>は\u003C\u002Fstrong>本\u003Cstrong>を\u003C\u002Fstrong>読みました。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>先生\u003Cstrong>は\u003C\u002Fstrong>本\u003Cstrong>を\u003C\u002Fstrong>読まれました。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>社長\u003Cstrong>が\u003C\u002Fstrong>会議（かいぎ）で話しました。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>社長\u003Cstrong>が\u003C\u002Fstrong>会議で話されました。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>尊敬のレル・ラレルは、特別な尊敬語より少し軽い敬意を表すことがあります。場面や地域（ちいき）によって使用の自然さにも差があります。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-5\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>四　来られるの解釈\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>「来（こ）られる」も複数の意味を持ちます。助詞と文脈（ぶんみゃく）を見ます。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>先生\u003Cstrong>が\u003C\u002Fstrong>会場（かいじょう）に来られました。――先生を高める尊敬表現です。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>私\u003Cstrong>は\u003C\u002Fstrong>急に先生\u003Cstrong>に\u003C\u002Fstrong>来られて、準備が間に合いませんでした。――先生の来訪（らいほう）から影響を受ける間接受身です。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>先生は明日来られます。――文脈によって尊敬または可能（かのう）に読めます。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>最後の文は形だけでは決まりません。可能の意味なら、\u003Cstrong>雪でも来られますか。\u003C\u002Fstrong> のように、条件や能力を問う文脈になりやすいです。「先生の予定」を丁寧に述べるなら尊敬になりやすいです。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-6\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>五　曖昧さを避ける\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>主語や目的語が省略されると、「先生が褒められました」のような文は二通りに読める場合があります。先生が誰かに褒められた受身か、先生が誰かを褒めた尊敬かは、文脈が必要です。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>重要な案内（あんない）や報告（ほうこく）では、形だけに頼らず主語・対象・動作主を明示（めいじ）するか、別の尊敬語を選びます。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>曖昧になり得る形\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>明確な尊敬表現\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>先生が来られました。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>先生が\u003Cstrong>いらっしゃいました\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>部長が資料を読まれました。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>部長が資料を\u003Cstrong>お読みになりました\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>社長が昼食を食べられました。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>社長が昼食を\u003Cstrong>召（め）し上がりました\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-7\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">6.\u003C\u002Fspan>六　判定の手順\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>次の順番で文の役割を確認（かくにん）します。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>主語は、動作をする人ですか、受ける人・物ですか。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>動作主が「に」で示されていますか。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>目的語の「を」が残り、主語が敬意を向ける人物なら、尊敬の可能性を考えます。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>「来られる・食べられる」では、可能の意味も文脈から確認します。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>誤解の恐れがあれば、特別な尊敬語や「お～になる」で言い換えます。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>この報告書（ほうこくしょ）は部長に確認されました。\u003C\u002Fstrong>――受身です。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>部長はこの報告書を確認されました。\u003C\u002Fstrong>――尊敬表現です。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-8\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">7.\u003C\u002Fspan>まとめ\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>同じレル・ラレルでも、主語の意味役割と助詞の枠は異なります。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>受身は受け手中心、尊敬表現は敬意を向ける動作主中心です。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n",[1406,1410,1414,1418,1422,1426,1430,1434],{"id":1407,"text":1408,"depth":16,"number":1409},"section","一　同じ形で二つの働き","1",{"id":1411,"text":1412,"depth":21,"number":1413},"section-2","尊敬のレル・ラレルの作り方","1.1",{"id":1415,"text":1416,"depth":16,"number":1417},"section-3","二　受身の助詞の枠","2",{"id":1419,"text":1420,"depth":16,"number":1421},"section-4","三　尊敬表現の助詞の枠","3",{"id":1423,"text":1424,"depth":16,"number":1425},"section-5","四　来られるの解釈","4",{"id":1427,"text":1428,"depth":16,"number":1429},"section-6","五　曖昧さを避ける","5",{"id":1431,"text":1432,"depth":16,"number":1433},"section-7","六　判定の手順","6",{"id":1435,"text":1436,"depth":16,"number":1437},"section-8","まとめ","7"]