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정보 초점","eosun-idong-gwa-jeongbo-chojeom",165,{"id":836,"title":837,"slug":838,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":839},"01a07863-dab5-740e-83b8-33f381df3c93","조사 결합과 의미 범위","josa-gyeolhap-gwa-uimi-beomwi",166,{"id":841,"title":842,"slug":843,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":844},"01a07863-d717-7c49-836e-9cd2147ab799","보조사 '-조차·-마저·-까지도'","bojosa-jocha-majeo-kkajido",167,{"id":846,"title":847,"slug":848,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":849},"01a07863-d987-7c0b-91c8-c3837f99a60f","하오체의 형태와 사용 맥락","haoche-ui-hyeongtae-wa-maengnak",168,{"id":851,"title":852,"slug":853,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":854},"01a07863-d94e-7f7d-bd36-aea815da0959","하게체의 형태와 사용 맥락","hageche-ui-hyeongtae-wa-maengnak",169,{"id":856,"title":857,"slug":858,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":859},"01a07863-d858-74ca-b8ff-d9b13d4b0e74","간접 부탁과 완곡한 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태도","inyong-dongsa-ui-seontaek",195,{"id":987,"title":988,"slug":989,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":990},"01a07863-d70b-7796-861c-b6fde39f3320","비인칭 피동과 책임 회피","biinching-pidong-gwa-chaegim-hoepi",196,{"id":992,"title":993,"slug":994,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":995},"01a07863-dbfe-7715-a73d-d97b70250059","사동 구문과 책임의 범위","sadong-gumun-gwa-chaegim-beomwi",197,{"id":997,"title":998,"slug":999,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1000},"01a07863-dba0-7c89-90d4-2eef83532006","높임 표현의 충돌과 우선순위","nopim-pyohyeon-ui-chungdol",198,{"id":1002,"title":1003,"slug":1004,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1005},"01a07863-db20-75e4-9e91-1851bedaec66","말하기 등급의 전환과 관계 재조정","malhagi-deunggeup-ui-jeonhwan",199,{"id":1007,"title":1008,"slug":1009,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1010},"01a07863-dcba-7864-9960-b92f40934922","완곡어법과 체면 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차이","jeongdoseong-geukdanseong-ui-chai",215,{"id":1087,"title":1088,"slug":1089,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1091},"01a07863-d96c-7023-bb30-3a3d8f787aa2","한글 맞춤법의 역사적 변화","hangeul-matchumbeop-ui-yeoksajeok-byeonhwa","C2",216,{"id":1093,"title":1094,"slug":1095,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1096},"01a07863-db03-771f-a039-b9257e399114","중세 한국어 문법의 현대 한국어 흔적","jungse-hangugeo-munbeop-ui-heunjeok",217,{"id":1098,"title":1099,"slug":1100,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1101},"01a07863-da9b-74e0-aa05-b70e5e015c3d","지역·세대·사용역에 따른 발음 변이","jiyeok-sedae-sayongyeok-bareum-byeoni",218,{"id":1103,"title":1104,"slug":1105,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1106},"01a07863-d8dd-7b49-bcf9-020299f60a53","고전 문헌의 말하기 등급","gojeon-munheon-ui-malhagi-deunggeup",219,{"id":1108,"title":1109,"slug":1110,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1111},"01a07863-d8e4-7f0a-9847-6e75a50aa53d","고전적 높임 표현과 현대의 잔존형","gojeonjeok-nopim-pyohyeon",220,{"id":1113,"title":1114,"slug":1115,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1116},"01a07863-d6d4-7878-ad37-a4982f125903","방언의 말하기 등급과 사회적 의미","bangeon-ui-malhagi-deunggeup",221,{"id":1118,"title":1119,"slug":1120,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1121},"01a07863-d80d-7c71-85f6-c3236a70cc6b","언어 형식의 사회적 지표성","eoneo-hyeongsik-ui-sahoejeok-jipyoseong",222,{"id":1123,"title":1124,"slug":1125,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1126},"01a07863-d737-779b-ad54-78d521a176d0","복합 사용역과 문체 혼합","bokhap-sayongyeok-gwa-munche-honhap",223,{"id":1128,"title":1129,"slug":1130,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1131},"01a07863-da4d-7c0e-aee9-47ad0c32ab41","전달 정보의 증거성과 화자 개입","jeondal-jeongbo-jeunggeoseong-hwaja-gaeip",224,{"id":1133,"title":1134,"slug":1135,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1136},"01a07863-d9f3-784c-8444-b4e48a91a5f4","인식·당위·능력 양태의 중첩","insik-dangwi-neungnyeok-yangtae-jungcheop",225,{"id":1138,"title":1139,"slug":1140,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1141},"01a07863-d87d-7421-a10d-016685c3019e","극도로 중첩된 종속 구조","geukdoro-jungcheopdoen-jongsok-gujo",226,{"id":1143,"title":1144,"slug":1145,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1146},"01a07863-db6c-76c8-9d8d-1bf0ff302356","명사구 내부의 다중 수식 범위","myeongsagu-naebu-dajung-susik-beomwi",227,{"id":1148,"title":1149,"slug":1150,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1151},"01a07863-d7a7-7713-b582-4635b340fb8c","다층 인용과 발화 책임","dachung-inyong-gwa-balhwa-chaegim",228,{"id":1153,"title":1154,"slug":1155,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1156},"01a07863-dc93-7bf7-baaf-646f405d0a93","통사적 중의성과 구조 해석","tongsajeok-junguiseong-gujo-haeseok",229,{"id":1158,"title":1159,"slug":1160,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1161},"01a07863-d747-7d02-9170-02c9242f260d","부정의 범위와 중의성","bujeong-ui-beomwi-wa-junguiseong",230,{"id":1163,"title":1164,"slug":1165,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1166},"01a07863-dc82-74cf-aed9-03ef012ba1ae","수량사의 작용역과 범위","suryangsa-ui-jagyongyeok-gwa-beomwi",231,{"id":1168,"title":1169,"slug":1170,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1171},"01a07863-d7c0-7033-8973-1acd78835224","다중 주제 구조와 화제 계층","dajung-juje-gujo-hwaje-gyecheung",232,{"id":1173,"title":1174,"slug":1175,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1176},"01a07863-db0f-7d14-b181-22045286272f","좌측·우측 전위와 담화 기능","jwacheuk-ucheuk-jeonwi",233,{"id":1178,"title":1179,"slug":1180,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1181},"01a07863-d75d-772e-9d3e-5b6275433f2d","분열문과 초점 구조","bunyeolmun-gwa-chojeom-gujo",234,{"id":1183,"title":1184,"slug":1185,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1186},"01a07863-dc88-7813-ac0c-b5506052d4fc","수사적 생략과 여백의 효과","susajeok-saengnyak-gwa-yeobaek",235,{"id":1188,"title":1189,"slug":1190,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1191},"01a07863-dc1b-7dc0-832f-4f108853f305","상호 텍스트성과 변형 인용","sangho-tekseuteuseong-byeonhyeong-inyong",236,{"id":1193,"title":1194,"slug":1195,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1196},"01a07863-d979-798b-b0e1-1f25c0511cbb","한자어 중심 문체의 압축성","hanjaeo-jungsim-munche-ui-apchukseong",237,{"id":1198,"title":1199,"slug":1200,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1201},"01a07863-d6ec-7d59-96d2-3ffd339ca6c2","법률·행정 문체의 문법","beomnyul-haengjeong-munche-ui-munbeop",238,{"id":1203,"title":1204,"slug":1205,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1206},"01a07863-d95e-724f-aebc-136eef75e32d","학술 문체의 고도 명사화","haksul-munche-ui-godo-myeongsahwa",239,{"id":1208,"title":1209,"slug":1210,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1211},"01a07863-db4f-75fe-832e-52c746aeace4","문학 서사의 시점과 화자","munhak-seosa-ui-sijeom-gwa-hwaja",240,{"id":1213,"title":1214,"slug":1215,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1216},"01a07863-da34-7109-a69e-dcc4f425ced7","자유 간접 화법과 의식의 표현","jayu-ganjeop-hwabeop",241,{"id":1218,"title":1219,"slug":1220,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1221},"01a07863-dc71-7158-bad9-cc4b5c91a482","속담·관용구의 변형과 재맥락화","sokdam-gwanyonggu-byeonhyeong",242,{"id":1223,"title":1224,"slug":1225,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1226},"01a07863-dcb3-7256-be14-3efead0203a1","의성어·의태어의 파생과 활용","uiseongeo-uitaeeo-pasaeng-hwaryong",243,{"id":1228,"title":1229,"slug":1230,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1231},"01a07863-dc69-7a26-9a3b-aaffc3c91e21","신조어의 파생 문법과 확장","sinjoeo-ui-pasaeng-munbeop",244,{"id":1233,"title":1234,"slug":1235,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1236},"01a07863-db09-7a45-a9a7-3b2525079877","중의성과 응집성을 다듬는 고급 퇴고","junguiseong-eungjipseong-gogeup-toego",245,{"id":244,"title":245,"slug":246,"seoDescription":1238,"content":1239,"language":9,"level":211,"displayOrder":247,"grammarTopics":1240,"createdAt":1246,"updatedAt":1247,"vocabularyLists":1248,"primaryTopicHub":1757,"readyImages":1759},"동사와 형용사의 과거를 나타내는 '-았\u002F었-'의 형태를 배우고, 어간의 마지막 모음에 따라 '-았어요', '-었어요', '-했어요'를 골라요. 가다→갔어요, 먹다→먹었어요 같은 축약과 불규칙 활용의 과거형도 비교하며 어제 한 일과 지난 상태를 자연스럽게 말해요.","이미 끝난 행동이나 과거의 상태를 말할 때 용언에 **-았\u002F었-**을 붙여요. 해요체에서는 보통 **-았어요\u002F었어요**의 형태로 사용해요.\n\n이 글을 읽고 나면 다음을 할 수 있어요.\n\n- 어간의 마지막 모음에 따라 **-았어요\u002F었어요**를 골라요.\n- 자주 쓰는 축약형과 **했어요**를 만들어요.\n- 불규칙 용언의 과거형을 알아보고 사용해요.\n\n## 1. ㅏ·ㅗ 뒤에는 -았어요를 붙여요\n\n어간의 마지막 모음이 **ㅏ** 또는 **ㅗ**이면 **-았어요**를 붙여요. 같은 모음이 만나면 형태가 줄어들기도 해요.\n\n| 기본형 | 변화 과정 | 과거형 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 살다 | 살- + -았어요 | **살았어요** |\n| 가다 | 가- + -았어요 | **갔어요** |\n| 오다 | 오- + -았어요 | **왔어요** |\n| 보다 | 보- + -았어요 | **봤어요** |\n\n:::example\n- 작년에 서울에서 **살았어요**.\n- 어제 학교에 **갔어요**.\n- 친구가 우리 집에 **왔어요**.\n- 주말에 영화를 **봤어요**.\n:::\n\n## 2. 그 밖의 모음 뒤에는 -었어요를 붙여요\n\n어간의 마지막 모음이 **ㅏ, ㅗ**가 아니면 보통 **-었어요**를 붙여요.\n\n| 기본형 | 변화 과정 | 과거형 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 먹다 | 먹- + -었어요 | **먹었어요** |\n| 읽다 | 읽- + -었어요 | **읽었어요** |\n| 마시다 | 마시- + -었어요 | **마셨어요** |\n| 배우다 | 배우- + -었어요 | **배웠어요** |\n\n**ㅣ + 어 → ㅕ**, **ㅜ + 어 → ㅝ**처럼 모음이 만나면 줄어들어요. 그래서 *마시었어요*는 **마셨어요**, *배우었어요*는 **배웠어요**가 돼요.\n\n:::tip\n먼저 기본형에서 **-다**를 빼고 어간의 마지막 모음을 보세요. ㅏ·ㅗ인지 아닌지 확인하면 선택하기 쉬워요.\n:::\n\n## 3. 하다는 했어요가 돼요\n\n**하다**가 들어간 동사와 형용사는 과거에 **했어요**의 형태가 돼요.\n\n- 공부하다 → 공부**했어요**\n- 운동하다 → 운동**했어요**\n- 일하다 → 일**했어요**\n- 깨끗하다 → 깨끗**했어요**\n- 조용하다 → 조용**했어요**\n- 유명하다 → 유명**했어요**\n\n:::example\n어제는 아주 바빴어요.\n\n- 아침에 운동**했어요**.\n- 낮에는 일**했어요**.\n- 저녁에는 한국어를 공부**했어요**.\n- 어제 그 카페는 조용**했어요**.\n- 그 배우는 유명**했어요**.\n:::\n\n## 4. 과거의 상태도 말해요\n\n형용사에도 **-았\u002F었어요**를 붙여 지난 상태를 표현할 수 있어요.\n\n| 현재 | 과거 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 날씨가 좋아요. | 날씨가 **좋았어요**. |\n| 방이 작아요. | 방이 **작았어요**. |\n| 음식이 맛있어요. | 음식이 **맛있었어요**. |\n\n**어제, 지난주, 작년** 같은 시간 표현을 넣으면 과거라는 뜻이 더 분명해져요.\n\n명사 뒤의 **이다**도 과거로 바꿀 수 있어요.\n\n| 받침 | 현재 | 과거 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 받침이 있어요 | 학생이에요. | 학생이**었어요**. |\n| 받침이 없어요 | 친구예요. | 친구**였어요**. |\n\n| 현재 | 과거 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 학생이 아니에요. | 학생이 **아니었어요**. |\n| 책이 있어요. | 책이 **있었어요**. |\n| 시간이 없어요. | 시간이 **없었어요**. |\n\n## 5. 불규칙 변화도 함께 일어나요\n\n불규칙 용언은 어간이 먼저 바뀐 뒤 과거 표현과 결합해요.\n\n- 듣다(ㄷ 불규칙) → 들어요 → **들었어요**\n- 춥다(ㅂ 불규칙) → 추워요 → **추웠어요**\n- 모르다(르 불규칙) → 몰라요 → **몰랐어요**\n- 낫다(ㅅ 불규칙) → 나아요 → **나았어요**\n- 바쁘다·쓰다(으 탈락) → 바빠요·써요 → **바빴어요·썼어요**\n- 그렇다(ㅎ 불규칙) → 그래요 → **그랬어요**\n- 살다(ㄹ 탈락 아님) → 살아요 → **살았어요**\n\n**낫다**는 모음으로 시작하는 어미 앞에서 ㅅ이 없어져요. **바쁘다**와 **쓰다**는 **으**가 빠져요.\n\n:::note\n현재 해요체를 알고 있다면 마지막 **요** 앞에 과거의 **ㅆ**이 들어가는 모양을 찾아보세요: *들어요 → 들었어요*, *추워요 → 추웠어요*.\n\n합니다체에서는 **갔습니다, 먹었습니다**처럼 **-았\u002F었습니다**를 써요.\n:::\n\n## 6. 부정 과거문을 만들어요\n\n짧은 부정 **안**은 과거형 동사 앞에 그대로 놓아요. **-지 않았어요**도 같은 뜻으로 쓸 수 있어요. **안**은 보통 일부러 하지 않은 뜻이고, **못**은 능력이나 상황 때문에 하지 못한 뜻이에요.\n\n- 오늘 아침을 먹었어요. → 오늘 아침을 **안 먹었어요**.\n- 어제 학교에 갔어요. → 어제 학교에 **안 갔어요**.\n\n| 기본형 | 짧은 부정 | 긴 부정 | 능력·상황의 부정 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 먹다 | **안 먹었어요** | **먹지 않았어요** | **못 먹었어요** |\n| 가다 | **안 갔어요** | **가지 않았어요** | **못 갔어요** |\n| 보다 | **안 봤어요** | **보지 않았어요** | **못 봤어요** |\n\n시간이나 상황 때문에 할 수 없었을 때는 **못 갔어요** 또는 **-지 못했어요**라고 해요. 예를 들어 **어제는 시간이 없어서 못 갔어요**라고 말할 수 있어요.\n\n:::warning\n과거 시간 표현이 있어도 용언을 현재형으로 두지 마세요. *어제 학교에 가요*는 현재 계획처럼 들릴 수 있어요. 끝난 일을 말하면 **어제 학교에 갔어요**라고 하세요.\n:::\n\n## 7. 한눈에 정리해요\n\n1. 기본형에서 **-다**를 빼요.\n2. 마지막 모음이 ㅏ·ㅗ이면 **-았어요**를 골라요.\n3. 그 밖의 모음이면 **-었어요**를 골라요.\n4. **하다**는 **했어요**로 바꿔요.\n5. 필요한 축약이나 불규칙 변화를 적용해요.\n\n과거 표현을 만들 때는 어간의 마지막 모음을 먼저 확인하세요. **갔어요, 먹었어요, 공부했어요**의 세 가지 기본 모양을 기억하면 활용하기 쉬워요.",[1241],{"id":1242,"name":1243,"level":211,"language":9,"isCompleted":1244,"completionPercentage":1245,"totalExercises":76,"completedExercises":1245},"01a09c0b-5857-77f5-b355-ab5555ff946b","과거·미래·진행",false,0,"2026-09-06T20:23:24+00:00","2026-10-11T12:53:37+00:00",[1249],{"id":1250,"title":1251,"vocabularyListWords":1252,"isPublished":1264},"01a07865-2a66-7715-9f3c-4b9635f21d64","과거를 나타내는 았어요와 었어요",[1253,1266,1276,1287,1299,1311,1328,1340,1352,1364,1376,1386,1398,1410,1422,1432,1442,1452,1462,1475,1487,1503,1519,1529,1541,1553,1565,1577,1587,1597,1607,1617,1630,1642,1654,1666,1678,1689,1699,1711,1723,1735,1747],{"id":1254,"vocabularyWord":1255,"displayOrder":11},"01a07865-2a66-77b5-9f3c-4b9636b50272",{"id":1256,"word":1257,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1258,"partsOfSpeech":1259,"audio":1264,"audioUrl":1265},"01a07864-2313-7af9-852b-1caa7eee9526","았어요\u002F었어요","tts_1187cda63edd6ba5_ko-KR.mp3",[1260],{"id":1261,"partOfSpeech":1262,"definition":1263,"isPrimary":1264,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-2357-75f4-bb1d-8b8c75fc47cd","PHRASE","",true,"\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_1187cda63edd6ba5_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1267,"vocabularyWord":1268,"displayOrder":16},"01a07865-2a66-781d-9f3c-4b9636f7e435",{"id":1269,"word":1270,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1271,"partsOfSpeech":1272,"audio":1264,"audioUrl":1275},"01a07864-21df-707e-9ff2-04c0bfe7a812","아요\u002F어요","tts_6cfb26a8473b5686_ko-KR.mp3",[1273],{"id":1274,"partOfSpeech":1262,"definition":1263,"isPrimary":1264,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-2217-7819-a609-828f52f90e4d","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_6cfb26a8473b5686_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1277,"vocabularyWord":1278,"displayOrder":21},"01a07865-2a66-786d-9f3c-4b963774e812",{"id":1279,"word":1280,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1281,"partsOfSpeech":1282,"audio":1264,"audioUrl":1286},"01a07864-21d4-7eb3-8445-1ecd77065e7c","살다","tts_33acbcf5f00f5709_ko-KR.mp3",[1283],{"id":1284,"partOfSpeech":1285,"definition":1263,"isPrimary":1264,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-2215-7eef-ae08-deda395b4395","VERB","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_33acbcf5f00f5709_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1288,"vocabularyWord":1289,"displayOrder":26},"01a07865-2a66-78e1-9f3c-4b9638456135",{"id":1290,"word":1291,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1292,"partsOfSpeech":1293,"audio":1264,"audioUrl":1298},"01a07864-2271-7f3e-88c7-603ebc142616","가다","tts_139dac018d2807c3_ko-KR.mp3",[1294],{"id":1295,"partOfSpeech":1285,"definition":1296,"exampleSentences":1297,"isPrimary":1264,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-22b5-7906-a1b1-56fdea275f9d","어떤 곳을 향해 이동하다.","저는 매일 아침 학교에 가요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_139dac018d2807c3_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1300,"vocabularyWord":1301,"displayOrder":31},"01a07865-2a66-7921-9f3c-4b9638ee664a",{"id":1302,"word":1303,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1304,"partsOfSpeech":1305,"audio":1264,"audioUrl":1310},"01a07864-229e-78af-add7-76fa4182d149","오다","tts_6053d346ffb8f581_ko-KR.mp3",[1306],{"id":1307,"partOfSpeech":1285,"definition":1308,"exampleSentences":1309,"isPrimary":1264,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-22b9-7e32-8749-6fc5e3729f5d","말하는 사람이 있는 곳이나 어떤 기준점으로 이동하다.","친구가 오늘 우리 집에 와요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_6053d346ffb8f581_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1312,"vocabularyWord":1313,"displayOrder":36},"01a07865-2a66-7965-9f3c-4b9639a2b80b",{"id":1314,"word":1315,"frequency":56,"level":211,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1316,"partsOfSpeech":1317,"audio":1264,"audioUrl":1327},"01a07864-23c0-7243-8fb4-7c01998ab3a0","보다","tts_02ccbceae185c279_ko-KR.mp3",[1318,1323],{"id":1319,"partOfSpeech":1320,"definition":1321,"exampleSentences":1322,"isPrimary":1264,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-23e7-7142-b488-6f1a4e198cae","PARTICLE","두 대상을 비교할 때 기준이 되는 대상을 나타내는 조사.","작년보다 올해 날씨가 따뜻해요.",{"id":1324,"partOfSpeech":1285,"definition":1325,"exampleSentences":1326,"isPrimary":1244,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-23e7-718e-b488-6f1a4edd559f","눈으로 대상을 살피거나 영상을 감상하다.","저녁에 가족과 영화를 봤어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_02ccbceae185c279_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1329,"vocabularyWord":1330,"displayOrder":41},"01a07865-2a66-79bd-9f3c-4b9639bef25f",{"id":1331,"word":1332,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1333,"partsOfSpeech":1334,"audio":1264,"audioUrl":1339},"01a07864-2296-7390-b8a6-163e21b5b241","먹다","tts_01eb3322b7dba388_ko-KR.mp3",[1335],{"id":1336,"partOfSpeech":1285,"definition":1337,"exampleSentences":1338,"isPrimary":1264,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-22b9-704e-8749-6fc5de58f044","음식이나 약을 입에 넣어 삼키다.","저는 아침에 빵을 먹어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_01eb3322b7dba388_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1341,"vocabularyWord":1342,"displayOrder":46},"01a07865-2a66-7a11-9f3c-4b963a2a088e",{"id":1343,"word":1344,"frequency":51,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1345,"partsOfSpeech":1346,"audio":1264,"audioUrl":1351},"01a07864-2280-7320-a716-4c1ca2b9fc18","읽다","tts_62263be792768fb7_ko-KR.mp3",[1347],{"id":1348,"partOfSpeech":1285,"definition":1349,"exampleSentences":1350,"isPrimary":1264,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-22b6-7d42-b5cd-01edf893c021","글이나 책에 적힌 내용을 보다.","저는 저녁마다 책을 읽어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_62263be792768fb7_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1353,"vocabularyWord":1354,"displayOrder":51},"01a07865-2a66-7a51-9f3c-4b963a2a1011",{"id":1355,"word":1356,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1357,"partsOfSpeech":1358,"audio":1264,"audioUrl":1363},"01a07864-2294-7c27-bf06-9b8e07bfd8a2","마시다","tts_598ba055f59aa195_ko-KR.mp3",[1359],{"id":1360,"partOfSpeech":1285,"definition":1361,"exampleSentences":1362,"isPrimary":1264,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-22b8-7da4-b04a-d6983c7d9288","물이나 음료를 입으로 삼키다.","아침마다 물을 한 잔 마셔요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_598ba055f59aa195_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1365,"vocabularyWord":1366,"displayOrder":56},"01a07865-2a66-7a99-9f3c-4b963a75b3d5",{"id":1367,"word":1368,"frequency":56,"level":211,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1369,"partsOfSpeech":1370,"audio":1264,"audioUrl":1375},"01a07864-23bc-7e56-a6e0-669bf3d1ac6a","배우다","tts_0dee2266917d6e19_ko-KR.mp3",[1371],{"id":1372,"partOfSpeech":1285,"definition":1373,"exampleSentences":1374,"isPrimary":1264,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-23e6-7c3d-a50a-d10637d5ebbe","지식이나 기술을 익히다.","저는 학원에서 한국어를 배워요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_0dee2266917d6e19_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1377,"vocabularyWord":1378,"displayOrder":61},"01a07865-2a66-7af1-9f3c-4b963add0c97",{"id":1379,"word":1380,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1381,"partsOfSpeech":1382,"audio":1264,"audioUrl":1385},"01a07864-21ff-7def-acf2-288ceaabbbd1","하다","tts_daa2684ba0d046dc_ko-KR.mp3",[1383],{"id":1384,"partOfSpeech":1285,"definition":1263,"isPrimary":1264,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-221c-7074-9ca0-28bebaf063ac","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_daa2684ba0d046dc_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1387,"vocabularyWord":1388,"displayOrder":66},"01a07865-2a66-7b49-9f3c-4b963b064bbd",{"id":1389,"word":1390,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1391,"partsOfSpeech":1392,"audio":1264,"audioUrl":1397},"01a07864-2275-7f28-86bc-f0e70501519c","공부하다","tts_920e25f8535fa501_ko-KR.mp3",[1393],{"id":1394,"partOfSpeech":1285,"definition":1395,"exampleSentences":1396,"isPrimary":1264,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-22b5-7ec6-a1b1-56fdecd955a2","지식이나 기술을 배우기 위해 읽고 연습하다.","시험이 있어서 저녁마다 도서관에서 공부해요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_920e25f8535fa501_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1399,"vocabularyWord":1400,"displayOrder":71},"01a07865-2a66-7b81-9f3c-4b963bbde2b5",{"id":1401,"word":1402,"frequency":51,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1403,"partsOfSpeech":1404,"audio":1264,"audioUrl":1409},"01a07864-22aa-7184-a958-7df5cef79fba","운동하다","tts_6c62c5edcc182745_ko-KR.mp3",[1405],{"id":1406,"partOfSpeech":1285,"definition":1407,"exampleSentences":1408,"isPrimary":1264,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-22bb-7218-b371-4ec290963633","건강이나 체력을 위해 몸을 움직이다.","저는 아침마다 공원에서 운동해요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_6c62c5edcc182745_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1411,"vocabularyWord":1412,"displayOrder":76},"01a07865-2a66-7bc1-9f3c-4b963bd6b43a",{"id":1413,"word":1414,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1415,"partsOfSpeech":1416,"audio":1264,"audioUrl":1421},"01a07864-2282-7c67-9238-e0265c5692df","일하다","tts_fbd95a4f65311498_ko-KR.mp3",[1417],{"id":1418,"partOfSpeech":1285,"definition":1419,"exampleSentences":1420,"isPrimary":1264,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-22b7-710e-a971-30ad36dab294","직장이나 맡은 자리에서 해야 할 일을 하다.","어머니는 병원에서 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들거나 상태가 만족스럽다.","오늘 날씨가 좋아서 산책하고 싶어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_3bdd51757a73ba6d_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1476,"vocabularyWord":1477,"displayOrder":106},"01a07865-2a66-7d6d-9f3c-4b963ed95e17",{"id":1478,"word":1479,"frequency":51,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1480,"partsOfSpeech":1481,"audio":1264,"audioUrl":1486},"01a07864-2285-7f9f-a8e1-f7226e663b6f","작다","tts_66655b0f8ac748fa_ko-KR.mp3",[1482],{"id":1483,"partOfSpeech":1471,"definition":1484,"exampleSentences":1485,"isPrimary":1264,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-22b7-762a-a971-30ad39d1d36d","크기나 규모가 보통보다 적거나 좁다.","이 가방은 작아서 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구별해요.",[1767],"해요체 현재형과 용언 어간을 알아요.",[1769,1787,1807],{"id":244,"contentId":1770,"slug":246,"title":245,"level":211,"summary":1771,"order":11,"exercises":1772},"pg_58a428f2-9882-4c89-be57-a0471b522394","어간 모음과 불규칙 변화를 적용해 '-았\u002F었어요' 과거형과 과거 부정을 만들어요.",[1773,1777,1780,1784],{"id":1774,"title":1775,"order":1245,"type":1776},"01a07863-de4e-715d-b7e2-25e84b38499b","어제의 기록 - 과거형 만들기","word_select",{"id":1778,"title":1779,"order":11,"type":1776},"01a07863-de67-7107-8e31-a5745c6275ce","Talking about past events and states",{"id":1781,"title":1782,"order":16,"type":1783},"01a0e1ac-7675-713d-a260-d7a2d93191c0","Building polite past forms","word_sort",{"id":1785,"title":1786,"order":21,"type":1783},"01a0e1ac-767d-7605-bb80-407a0d89872d","Past forms: endings, stem changes and negatives",{"id":249,"contentId":1788,"slug":251,"title":250,"level":211,"summary":1789,"order":16,"exercises":1790},"pg_e109bbc4-fac7-4a2e-a18a-5fec1af1e9f9","'-(으)ㄹ 거예요'로 미래 계획과 예상을 말하고 받침에 따른 형태와 띄어쓰기를 익혀요.",[1791,1794,1797,1801,1804],{"id":1792,"title":1793,"order":1245,"type":1776},"01a07863-eafd-7559-aa8b-3b04dde05555","받침에 맞는 미래 형태",{"id":1795,"title":1796,"order":11,"type":1776},"01a07863-eb15-79a6-82c8-06437be3bdeb","계획과 예상을 문맥으로 구별하기",{"id":1798,"title":1799,"order":16,"type":1800},"01a07863-eb30-7b6f-b3bd-de4cd2c2293a","Build future sentences","sentence_builder",{"id":1802,"title":1803,"order":21,"type":1783},"01a0e1ac-7808-7543-b21a-34cd62ab3073","Sort future forms and spelling",{"id":1805,"title":1806,"order":26,"type":1783},"01a0e1ac-7810-7ceb-8a16-ef48094e1c8e","Sort future messages by meaning and style",{"id":254,"contentId":1808,"slug":256,"title":255,"level":211,"summary":1809,"order":21,"exercises":1810},"pg_237e3d30-1990-4b4d-8838-12825534e136","'-고 있어요'로 현재·과거의 진행과 결과 상태를 말하고 단순 현재와 구별해요.",[1811,1814,1817,1820,1823],{"id":1812,"title":1813,"order":1245,"type":1776},"01a07863-f250-72bf-a4ee-5363f38edfb5","지금 하는 행동과 상태",{"id":1815,"title":1816,"order":11,"type":1776},"01a07863-f269-7637-b74b-47da7b6c144e","부정, 과거와 동사 제약",{"id":1818,"title":1819,"order":16,"type":1800},"01a07863-f280-7ac7-b9aa-bd3af906f5b7","Build sentences with progressive forms",{"id":1821,"title":1822,"order":21,"type":1783},"01a0e1ac-791e-7b7a-9fbd-204f5e61f205","Habits, actions and states",{"id":1824,"title":1825,"order":26,"type":1783},"01a0e1ac-7925-7416-83ec-4259ffc1de95","Time, negation and respectful speech",[1827,1833,1837,1841],{"@id":1828,"@type":1829,"id":1774,"grammarPage":1830,"title":1775,"instructions":1831,"displayOrder":1245,"type":1776,"questionCount":81,"blankCount":81,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1832},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07863-de4e-715d-b7e2-25e84b38499b","GrammarExercise","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a07863-d6ab-7aa1-a11a-2ab40be93a6a","괄호 안의 기본형을 보고 문장에 알맞은 과거형을 고르세요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_4581cbd6-c5fa-4388-8619-db226b748f78_hero.webp?v=1788726206",{"@id":1834,"@type":1829,"id":1778,"grammarPage":1830,"title":1779,"instructions":1835,"displayOrder":11,"type":1776,"questionCount":81,"blankCount":81,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1836},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07863-de67-7107-8e31-a5745c6275ce","Read the time expression and situation, then choose the correct past form.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_2ff3a9e9-f5ae-4ead-9a3e-8e99a82c74cd_hero.webp?v=1788726206",{"@id":1838,"@type":1829,"id":1781,"grammarPage":1830,"title":1782,"instructions":1839,"displayOrder":16,"type":1783,"questionCount":26,"blankCount":1245,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1840},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a0e1ac-7675-713d-a260-d7a2d93191c0","Tap each dictionary form, then tap the column for its polite past ending.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_65708b55-e24c-4678-88da-8f1215c95851_hero.webp?v=1790492571",{"@id":1842,"@type":1829,"id":1785,"grammarPage":1830,"title":1786,"instructions":1843,"displayOrder":21,"type":1783,"questionCount":31,"blankCount":1245,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1844},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a0e1ac-767d-7605-bb80-407a0d89872d","Tap a tile, then tap its column. Follow the sorting rule on each board.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_23c72451-bd4b-48a9-8be8-7da5b376050f_hero.webp?v=1790492571",{"id":1774,"grammarPage":1830,"title":1775,"instructions":1831,"seoTitle":1846,"seoDescription":1847,"displayOrder":1245,"type":1776,"questions":1848,"ogImageUrl":1832},"'-았\u002F었-' 과거형 만들기: 어제의 기록","괄호 안의 기본형을 보고 '-았\u002F었-'을 붙인 알맞은 과거형을 고르는 빈칸 채우기 연습이에요. 잃어버린 열쇠를 찾았어요, 버스를 타고 시청에 갔어요처럼 지난 일을 기록하는 문장에서 모음 축약과 받침에 따른 형태를 익히고 '-았-'과 '-었-' 중 무엇을 붙일지 판단해요.",[1849],{"id":1850,"sentenceTemplate":1851,"displayOrder":1245,"explanation":1852,"exampleSentence":1853,"blanks":1854},"01a07863-de4e-73a9-b7e2-25e84e001e31","지난 토요일에 잃어버린 열쇠를 __1__. (찾다)","찾다의 어간 찾-은 마지막 모음이 ㅏ이므로 -았어요를 붙여 찾았어요가 돼요.","아침에 추워서 창문을 닫았어요.",[1855],{"id":1856,"blankNumber":11,"options":1857},"01a07863-de4e-7359-b7e2-25e84d15021d",[1858,1861,1864],{"id":1859,"optionText":1860,"isCorrect":1244,"displayOrder":1245},"01a07863-de4e-72c9-b7e2-25e84c01391f","찾아요",{"id":1862,"optionText":1863,"isCorrect":1244,"displayOrder":11},"01a07863-de4e-7309-b7e2-25e84c68f72a","찾었어요",{"id":1865,"optionText":1866,"isCorrect":1264,"displayOrder":16},"01a07863-de4e-7335-b7e2-25e84cf509b7","찾았어요",{"html":1868,"toc":1869},"\u003Cp>이미 끝난 행동이나 과거의 상태를 말할 때 용언에 **-았\u002F었-**을 붙여요. 해요체에서는 보통 \u003Cstrong>-았어요\u002F었어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>의 형태로 사용해요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>이 글을 읽고 나면 다음을 할 수 있어요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>어간의 마지막 모음에 따라 \u003Cstrong>-았어요\u002F었어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 골라요.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>자주 쓰는 축약형과 \u003Cstrong>했어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 만들어요.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>불규칙 용언의 과거형을 알아보고 사용해요.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"-\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>ㅏ·ㅗ 뒤에는 -았어요를 붙여요\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>어간의 마지막 모음이 \u003Cstrong>ㅏ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 또는 \u003Cstrong>ㅗ\u003C\u002Fstrong>이면 \u003Cstrong>-았어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 붙여요. 같은 모음이 만나면 형태가 줄어들기도 해요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>기본형\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>변화 과정\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>과거형\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>살다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>살- + -았어요\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>살았어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>가다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>가- + -았어요\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>갔어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>오다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>오- + -았어요\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>왔어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>보다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>보- + -았어요\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>봤어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>작년에 서울에서 \u003Cstrong>살았어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>어제 학교에 \u003Cstrong>갔어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>친구가 우리 집에 \u003Cstrong>왔어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>주말에 영화를 \u003Cstrong>봤어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"--2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>그 밖의 모음 뒤에는 -었어요를 붙여요\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>어간의 마지막 모음이 \u003Cstrong>ㅏ, ㅗ\u003C\u002Fstrong>가 아니면 보통 \u003Cstrong>-었어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 붙여요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>기본형\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>변화 과정\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>과거형\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>먹다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>먹- + -었어요\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>먹었어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>읽다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>읽- + -었어요\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>읽었어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>마시다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>마시- + -었어요\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>마셨어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>배우다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>배우- + -었어요\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>배웠어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>ㅣ + 어 → ㅕ\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>ㅜ + 어 → ㅝ\u003C\u002Fstrong>처럼 모음이 만나면 줄어들어요. 그래서 \u003Cem>마시었어요\u003C\u002Fem>는 \u003Cstrong>마셨어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cem>배우었어요\u003C\u002Fem>는 \u003Cstrong>배웠어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>가 돼요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>먼저 기본형에서 \u003Cstrong>-다\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 빼고 어간의 마지막 모음을 보세요. ㅏ·ㅗ인지 아닌지 확인하면 선택하기 쉬워요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>하다는 했어요가 돼요\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>가 들어간 동사와 형용사는 과거에 \u003Cstrong>했어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>의 형태가 돼요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>공부하다 → 공부\u003Cstrong>했어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>운동하다 → 운동\u003Cstrong>했어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>일하다 → 일\u003Cstrong>했어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>깨끗하다 → 깨끗\u003Cstrong>했어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>조용하다 → 조용\u003Cstrong>했어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>유명하다 → 유명\u003Cstrong>했어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>어제는 아주 바빴어요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>아침에 운동\u003Cstrong>했어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>낮에는 일\u003Cstrong>했어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>저녁에는 한국어를 공부\u003Cstrong>했어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>어제 그 카페는 조용\u003Cstrong>했어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>그 배우는 유명\u003Cstrong>했어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>과거의 상태도 말해요\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>형용사에도 \u003Cstrong>-았\u002F었어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 붙여 지난 상태를 표현할 수 있어요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>현재\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>과거\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>날씨가 좋아요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>날씨가 \u003Cstrong>좋았어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>방이 작아요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>방이 \u003Cstrong>작았어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>음식이 맛있어요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>음식이 \u003Cstrong>맛있었어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>어제, 지난주, 작년\u003C\u002Fstrong> 같은 시간 표현을 넣으면 과거라는 뜻이 더 분명해져요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>명사 뒤의 \u003Cstrong>이다\u003C\u002Fstrong>도 과거로 바꿀 수 있어요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>받침\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>현재\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>과거\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>받침이 있어요\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>학생이에요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>학생이\u003Cstrong>었어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>받침이 없어요\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>친구예요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>친구\u003Cstrong>였어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>현재\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>과거\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>학생이 아니에요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>학생이 \u003Cstrong>아니었어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>책이 있어요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>책이 \u003Cstrong>있었어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>시간이 없어요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>시간이 \u003Cstrong>없었어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-3\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>불규칙 변화도 함께 일어나요\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>불규칙 용언은 어간이 먼저 바뀐 뒤 과거 표현과 결합해요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>듣다(ㄷ 불규칙) → 들어요 → \u003Cstrong>들었어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>춥다(ㅂ 불규칙) → 추워요 → \u003Cstrong>추웠어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>모르다(르 불규칙) → 몰라요 → \u003Cstrong>몰랐어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>낫다(ㅅ 불규칙) → 나아요 → \u003Cstrong>나았어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>바쁘다·쓰다(으 탈락) → 바빠요·써요 → \u003Cstrong>바빴어요·썼어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>그렇다(ㅎ 불규칙) → 그래요 → \u003Cstrong>그랬어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>살다(ㄹ 탈락 아님) → 살아요 → \u003Cstrong>살았어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>낫다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 모음으로 시작하는 어미 앞에서 ㅅ이 없어져요. \u003Cstrong>바쁘다\u003C\u002Fstrong>와 \u003Cstrong>쓰다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 \u003Cstrong>으\u003C\u002Fstrong>가 빠져요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>현재 해요체를 알고 있다면 마지막 \u003Cstrong>요\u003C\u002Fstrong> 앞에 과거의 \u003Cstrong>ㅆ\u003C\u002Fstrong>이 들어가는 모양을 찾아보세요: \u003Cem>들어요 → 들었어요\u003C\u002Fem>, \u003Cem>추워요 → 추웠어요\u003C\u002Fem>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>합니다체에서는 \u003Cstrong>갔습니다, 먹었습니다\u003C\u002Fstrong>처럼 \u003Cstrong>-았\u002F었습니다\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 써요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-4\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">6.\u003C\u002Fspan>부정 과거문을 만들어요\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>짧은 부정 \u003Cstrong>안\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 과거형 동사 앞에 그대로 놓아요. \u003Cstrong>-지 않았어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>도 같은 뜻으로 쓸 수 있어요. \u003Cstrong>안\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 보통 일부러 하지 않은 뜻이고, \u003Cstrong>못\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 능력이나 상황 때문에 하지 못한 뜻이에요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>오늘 아침을 먹었어요. → 오늘 아침을 \u003Cstrong>안 먹었어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>어제 학교에 갔어요. → 어제 학교에 \u003Cstrong>안 갔어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>기본형\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>짧은 부정\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>긴 부정\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>능력·상황의 부정\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>먹다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>안 먹었어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>먹지 않았어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>못 먹었어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>가다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>안 갔어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>가지 않았어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>못 갔어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>보다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>안 봤어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>보지 않았어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>못 봤어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>시간이나 상황 때문에 할 수 없었을 때는 \u003Cstrong>못 갔어요\u003C\u002Fstrong> 또는 \u003Cstrong>-지 못했어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>라고 해요. 예를 들어 \u003Cstrong>어제는 시간이 없어서 못 갔어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>라고 말할 수 있어요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>과거 시간 표현이 있어도 용언을 현재형으로 두지 마세요. \u003Cem>어제 학교에 가요\u003C\u002Fem>는 현재 계획처럼 들릴 수 있어요. 끝난 일을 말하면 \u003Cstrong>어제 학교에 갔어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>라고 하세요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-5\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">7.\u003C\u002Fspan>한눈에 정리해요\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>기본형에서 \u003Cstrong>-다\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 빼요.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>마지막 모음이 ㅏ·ㅗ이면 \u003Cstrong>-았어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 골라요.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>그 밖의 모음이면 \u003Cstrong>-었어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 골라요.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 \u003Cstrong>했어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>로 바꿔요.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>필요한 축약이나 불규칙 변화를 적용해요.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cp>과거 표현을 만들 때는 어간의 마지막 모음을 먼저 확인하세요. \u003Cstrong>갔어요, 먹었어요, 공부했어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>의 세 가지 기본 모양을 기억하면 활용하기 쉬워요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",[1870,1874,1878,1882,1886,1890,1894],{"id":1871,"text":1872,"depth":16,"number":1873},"-","ㅏ·ㅗ 뒤에는 -았어요를 붙여요","1",{"id":1875,"text":1876,"depth":16,"number":1877},"--2","그 밖의 모음 뒤에는 -었어요를 붙여요","2",{"id":1879,"text":1880,"depth":16,"number":1881},"section","하다는 했어요가 돼요","3",{"id":1883,"text":1884,"depth":16,"number":1885},"section-2","과거의 상태도 말해요","4",{"id":1887,"text":1888,"depth":16,"number":1889},"section-3","불규칙 변화도 함께 일어나요","5",{"id":1891,"text":1892,"depth":16,"number":1893},"section-4","부정 과거문을 만들어요","6",{"id":1895,"text":1896,"depth":16,"number":1897},"section-5","한눈에 정리해요","7"]