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정보 초점","eosun-idong-gwa-jeongbo-chojeom",165,{"id":836,"title":837,"slug":838,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":839},"01a07863-dab5-740e-83b8-33f381df3c93","조사 결합과 의미 범위","josa-gyeolhap-gwa-uimi-beomwi",166,{"id":841,"title":842,"slug":843,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":844},"01a07863-d717-7c49-836e-9cd2147ab799","보조사 '-조차·-마저·-까지도'","bojosa-jocha-majeo-kkajido",167,{"id":846,"title":847,"slug":848,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":849},"01a07863-d987-7c0b-91c8-c3837f99a60f","하오체의 형태와 사용 맥락","haoche-ui-hyeongtae-wa-maengnak",168,{"id":851,"title":852,"slug":853,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":854},"01a07863-d94e-7f7d-bd36-aea815da0959","하게체의 형태와 사용 맥락","hageche-ui-hyeongtae-wa-maengnak",169,{"id":856,"title":857,"slug":858,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":859},"01a07863-d858-74ca-b8ff-d9b13d4b0e74","간접 부탁과 완곡한 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태도","inyong-dongsa-ui-seontaek",195,{"id":987,"title":988,"slug":989,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":990},"01a07863-d70b-7796-861c-b6fde39f3320","비인칭 피동과 책임 회피","biinching-pidong-gwa-chaegim-hoepi",196,{"id":992,"title":993,"slug":994,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":995},"01a07863-dbfe-7715-a73d-d97b70250059","사동 구문과 책임의 범위","sadong-gumun-gwa-chaegim-beomwi",197,{"id":997,"title":998,"slug":999,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1000},"01a07863-dba0-7c89-90d4-2eef83532006","높임 표현의 충돌과 우선순위","nopim-pyohyeon-ui-chungdol",198,{"id":1002,"title":1003,"slug":1004,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1005},"01a07863-db20-75e4-9e91-1851bedaec66","말하기 등급의 전환과 관계 재조정","malhagi-deunggeup-ui-jeonhwan",199,{"id":1007,"title":1008,"slug":1009,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1010},"01a07863-dcba-7864-9960-b92f40934922","완곡어법과 체면 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차이","jeongdoseong-geukdanseong-ui-chai",215,{"id":1087,"title":1088,"slug":1089,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1091},"01a07863-d96c-7023-bb30-3a3d8f787aa2","한글 맞춤법의 역사적 변화","hangeul-matchumbeop-ui-yeoksajeok-byeonhwa","C2",216,{"id":1093,"title":1094,"slug":1095,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1096},"01a07863-db03-771f-a039-b9257e399114","중세 한국어 문법의 현대 한국어 흔적","jungse-hangugeo-munbeop-ui-heunjeok",217,{"id":1098,"title":1099,"slug":1100,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1101},"01a07863-da9b-74e0-aa05-b70e5e015c3d","지역·세대·사용역에 따른 발음 변이","jiyeok-sedae-sayongyeok-bareum-byeoni",218,{"id":1103,"title":1104,"slug":1105,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1106},"01a07863-d8dd-7b49-bcf9-020299f60a53","고전 문헌의 말하기 등급","gojeon-munheon-ui-malhagi-deunggeup",219,{"id":1108,"title":1109,"slug":1110,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1111},"01a07863-d8e4-7f0a-9847-6e75a50aa53d","고전적 높임 표현과 현대의 잔존형","gojeonjeok-nopim-pyohyeon",220,{"id":1113,"title":1114,"slug":1115,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1116},"01a07863-d6d4-7878-ad37-a4982f125903","방언의 말하기 등급과 사회적 의미","bangeon-ui-malhagi-deunggeup",221,{"id":1118,"title":1119,"slug":1120,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1121},"01a07863-d80d-7c71-85f6-c3236a70cc6b","언어 형식의 사회적 지표성","eoneo-hyeongsik-ui-sahoejeok-jipyoseong",222,{"id":1123,"title":1124,"slug":1125,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1126},"01a07863-d737-779b-ad54-78d521a176d0","복합 사용역과 문체 혼합","bokhap-sayongyeok-gwa-munche-honhap",223,{"id":1128,"title":1129,"slug":1130,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1131},"01a07863-da4d-7c0e-aee9-47ad0c32ab41","전달 정보의 증거성과 화자 개입","jeondal-jeongbo-jeunggeoseong-hwaja-gaeip",224,{"id":1133,"title":1134,"slug":1135,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1136},"01a07863-d9f3-784c-8444-b4e48a91a5f4","인식·당위·능력 양태의 중첩","insik-dangwi-neungnyeok-yangtae-jungcheop",225,{"id":1138,"title":1139,"slug":1140,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1141},"01a07863-d87d-7421-a10d-016685c3019e","극도로 중첩된 종속 구조","geukdoro-jungcheopdoen-jongsok-gujo",226,{"id":1143,"title":1144,"slug":1145,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1146},"01a07863-db6c-76c8-9d8d-1bf0ff302356","명사구 내부의 다중 수식 범위","myeongsagu-naebu-dajung-susik-beomwi",227,{"id":1148,"title":1149,"slug":1150,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1151},"01a07863-d7a7-7713-b582-4635b340fb8c","다층 인용과 발화 책임","dachung-inyong-gwa-balhwa-chaegim",228,{"id":1153,"title":1154,"slug":1155,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1156},"01a07863-dc93-7bf7-baaf-646f405d0a93","통사적 중의성과 구조 해석","tongsajeok-junguiseong-gujo-haeseok",229,{"id":1158,"title":1159,"slug":1160,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1161},"01a07863-d747-7d02-9170-02c9242f260d","부정의 범위와 중의성","bujeong-ui-beomwi-wa-junguiseong",230,{"id":1163,"title":1164,"slug":1165,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1166},"01a07863-dc82-74cf-aed9-03ef012ba1ae","수량사의 작용역과 범위","suryangsa-ui-jagyongyeok-gwa-beomwi",231,{"id":1168,"title":1169,"slug":1170,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1171},"01a07863-d7c0-7033-8973-1acd78835224","다중 주제 구조와 화제 계층","dajung-juje-gujo-hwaje-gyecheung",232,{"id":1173,"title":1174,"slug":1175,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1176},"01a07863-db0f-7d14-b181-22045286272f","좌측·우측 전위와 담화 기능","jwacheuk-ucheuk-jeonwi",233,{"id":1178,"title":1179,"slug":1180,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1181},"01a07863-d75d-772e-9d3e-5b6275433f2d","분열문과 초점 구조","bunyeolmun-gwa-chojeom-gujo",234,{"id":1183,"title":1184,"slug":1185,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1186},"01a07863-dc88-7813-ac0c-b5506052d4fc","수사적 생략과 여백의 효과","susajeok-saengnyak-gwa-yeobaek",235,{"id":1188,"title":1189,"slug":1190,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1191},"01a07863-dc1b-7dc0-832f-4f108853f305","상호 텍스트성과 변형 인용","sangho-tekseuteuseong-byeonhyeong-inyong",236,{"id":1193,"title":1194,"slug":1195,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1196},"01a07863-d979-798b-b0e1-1f25c0511cbb","한자어 중심 문체의 압축성","hanjaeo-jungsim-munche-ui-apchukseong",237,{"id":1198,"title":1199,"slug":1200,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1201},"01a07863-d6ec-7d59-96d2-3ffd339ca6c2","법률·행정 문체의 문법","beomnyul-haengjeong-munche-ui-munbeop",238,{"id":1203,"title":1204,"slug":1205,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1206},"01a07863-d95e-724f-aebc-136eef75e32d","학술 문체의 고도 명사화","haksul-munche-ui-godo-myeongsahwa",239,{"id":1208,"title":1209,"slug":1210,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1211},"01a07863-db4f-75fe-832e-52c746aeace4","문학 서사의 시점과 화자","munhak-seosa-ui-sijeom-gwa-hwaja",240,{"id":1213,"title":1214,"slug":1215,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1216},"01a07863-da34-7109-a69e-dcc4f425ced7","자유 간접 화법과 의식의 표현","jayu-ganjeop-hwabeop",241,{"id":1218,"title":1219,"slug":1220,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1221},"01a07863-dc71-7158-bad9-cc4b5c91a482","속담·관용구의 변형과 재맥락화","sokdam-gwanyonggu-byeonhyeong",242,{"id":1223,"title":1224,"slug":1225,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1226},"01a07863-dcb3-7256-be14-3efead0203a1","의성어·의태어의 파생과 활용","uiseongeo-uitaeeo-pasaeng-hwaryong",243,{"id":1228,"title":1229,"slug":1230,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1231},"01a07863-dc69-7a26-9a3b-aaffc3c91e21","신조어의 파생 문법과 확장","sinjoeo-ui-pasaeng-munbeop",244,{"id":1233,"title":1234,"slug":1235,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1236},"01a07863-db09-7a45-a9a7-3b2525079877","중의성과 응집성을 다듬는 고급 퇴고","junguiseong-eungjipseong-gogeup-toego",245,{"id":1158,"title":1159,"slug":1160,"seoDescription":1238,"content":1239,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1161,"grammarTopics":1240,"createdAt":1245,"updatedAt":1246,"vocabularyLists":1247,"readyImages":1828},"한국어의 안·못 부정과 ‘-지 않다’, ‘-는 것은 아니다’가 명제·성분·양태·수량 표현 가운데 어디까지 부정하는지 판별하고, 전체·부분 부정과 대조 초점, 이중 부정, 인용절의 범위 중의성을 맥락과 명시적 바꿔쓰기로 정확히 해소하는 C2 고급 의미 문법 안내입니다.","부정 표현은 단순히 긍정문 앞에 ‘아니다’를 붙이는 장치가 아니다. **안, 못, -지 않다, 아니다, 없다**가 어느 성분과 명제를 관할하는지에 따라 ‘전부가 아닌가’, ‘하나도 아닌가’, ‘의무가 없는가’, ‘해서는 안 되는가’가 달라진다. C2 수준에서는 부정 표지의 위치뿐 아니라 **작용 범위, 대조 초점, 억양, 맥락**을 함께 읽어야 한다.\n\n이 글을 마치면 다음을 할 수 있다.\n\n- 문장 부정과 성분 부정을 구별한다.\n- 전체 부정과 부분 부정의 해석을 명시적으로 바꿔 쓴다.\n- 부정과 수량사·양태·인용절의 범위 관계를 분석한다.\n- 이중 부정과 완곡한 부정의 실제 담화 효과를 설명한다.\n\n## 1. 부정의 범위란 무엇인가\n\n부정의 **범위**는 부정 연산자가 의미상 영향을 미치는 영역이다. 같은 부정문도 어떤 부분을 대안과 대조하느냐에 따라 여러 상황을 배제할 수 있다.\n\n**민수가 어제 서울에 가지 않았다**는 적어도 다음과 같은 맥락에서 쓰일 수 있다.\n\n- 간 사람은 민수가 아니라 **영희**였다.\n- 간 날은 어제가 아니라 **그제**였다.\n- 간 곳은 서울이 아니라 **부산**이었다.\n- 민수가 한 일은 가는 것이 아니라 **전화하는 것**이었다.\n- ‘민수가 어제 서울에 갔다’는 사건 전체가 성립하지 않았다.\n\n이 해석들이 모두 별개의 문법 구조에서 나오는 것은 아니다. 부정문은 긍정 명제의 성립을 넓게 배제하고, 문맥과 강세가 어떤 대안을 부각하는지 정한다.\n\n:::note\n부정문의 여러 해석을 모두 엄격한 ‘중의성’으로 볼지, 하나의 넓은 의미가 맥락에서 구체화되는 ‘모호성’으로 볼지는 분석에 따라 다르다. 실제 사용에서는 해석 후보를 확인하고 필요한 정보를 명시하는 것이 더 중요하다.\n:::\n\n## 2. 문장 부정과 성분 부정\n\n**문장 부정**은 명제 전체의 성립을 부정하고, **성분 부정**은 특정 성분을 대조해 바로잡는다.\n\n| 유형 | 예 | 자연스러운 후속 표현 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 문장 부정 | 민수는 회의에 **참석하지 않았다** | 그래서 의결 과정을 보지 못했다. |\n| 주체 대조 | 불참한 사람은 **민수가 아니라 영희다** | 불참자를 바로잡음 |\n| 장소 대조 | 회의에 참석한 것이 아니라 **간담회에** 참석했다 | 장소·행사의 종류를 바로잡음 |\n| 방식 대조 | 직접 참석하지 않고 **온라인으로** 참여했다 | 참여 방식만 부정함 |\n\n:::example\n**“제가 반대한 것은 아닙니다.”**\n\n이 문장은 ‘찬성했다’를 반드시 뜻하지 않는다. 유보했거나, 의견을 내지 않았거나, 결정 과정에 참여하지 않았을 수도 있다. 부정된 선택지와 실제 선택지를 구별해야 한다.\n:::\n\n:::tip\n성분 부정을 분명히 하려면 **A가 아니라 B**, **A한 것이 아니라 B했다**처럼 대조항을 함께 제시하라. 강세만으로 범위를 전달하는 방식은 글에서 특히 불안정하다.\n:::\n\n## 3. 단형 부정과 장형 부정의 범위\n\n**안\u002F못 + 용언**은 단형 부정, **-지 않다\u002F-지 못하다**는 장형 부정이다. 둘은 많은 문맥에서 비슷하지만 형태적 결합 위치와 담화 사용역, 복잡한 범위 해석에서 차이를 보일 수 있다.\n\n| 형식 | 예 | 기본 의미 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 안 부정 | 문을 **안 열었다** | 여는 행위를 하지 않음 |\n| -지 않다 | 문을 **열지 않았다** | 여는 사건이 성립하지 않음 |\n| 못 부정 | 문을 **못 열었다** | 능력·조건 때문에 열기가 실현되지 못함 |\n| -지 못하다 | 문을 **열지 못했다** | 실현 불가능이나 실패를 비교적 명시적으로 표현 |\n\n단형 부정은 일상 구어에서 간결하고 자연스럽다. 장형 부정은 긴 술어, 공식적인 글, 대조 구조에서 부정 범위를 더 드러내기 쉽다. 그러나 **장형이면 언제나 넓은 범위**, **단형이면 언제나 좁은 범위**라고 단정해서는 안 된다. 술어 구조와 수량 표현, 화자의 해석 선호가 함께 작용한다.\n\n:::warning\n**안**과 **못**은 자유롭게 바꿀 수 없다. **안 갔다**는 선택이나 단순 사실 부정을, **못 갔다**는 외적 제약·능력 부족을 흔히 나타낸다. 고의성과 가능성이 중요한 문장에서는 반드시 구별하라.\n:::\n\n## 4. 전체 부정과 부분 부정\n\n전칭 표현 **모든**, 총량 표현 **다**가 부정과 결합하면 두 범위가 경쟁할 수 있다.\n\n**모든 학생이 과제를 제출하지 않았다**는 문맥에 따라 다음 두 뜻으로 읽힐 수 있다.\n\n1. **전체 부정:** 학생 가운데 과제를 제출한 사람이 아무도 없다.\n2. **부분 부정:** 모든 학생이 제출한 것은 아니다. 일부는 제출했고 일부는 제출하지 않았다.\n\n| 의도 | 명확한 표현 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 한 명도 제출하지 않음 | **학생이 한 명도 과제를 제출하지 않았다.** |\n| 일부만 제출하지 않음 | **모든 학생이 과제를 제출한 것은 아니다.** |\n| 미제출자가 여러 명임 | **과제를 제출하지 않은 학생이 여러 명이다.** |\n\n**자료를 다 읽지 않았다**도 ‘자료를 하나도 읽지 않았다’보다 ‘전부를 읽은 것은 아니다’로 흔히 이해되지만, 문맥 없이 중요한 수치를 전달하기에는 여전히 불충분하다.\n\n:::example\n**모호함:** 심사위원들이 모든 항목을 검토하지 않았다.\n\n- 전원 미검토: 심사위원들은 **어느 항목도 검토하지 않았다**.\n- 항목 일부 미검토: 심사위원들은 **일부 항목을 검토하지 않았다**.\n- 심사위원 일부만 미검토: **모든 심사위원이 항목을 검토한 것은 아니다**.\n:::\n\n## 5. 초점 보조사와 부정\n\n부정문 안의 **만, 도, 조차, 하나도**는 대안 집합과 기대를 조절한다.\n\n| 표현 | 예 | 핵심 해석 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **만 … 않다** | 민수**만** 오지 않았다 | 다른 사람은 왔고 민수만 예외임 |\n| **도 … 않다** | 민수**도** 오지 않았다 | 다른 불참자에 민수까지 포함됨 |\n| **조차 … 않다** | 민수**조차** 오지 않았다 | 올 것으로 기대한 민수마저 불참함 |\n| **하나도 … 않다** | 오류가 **하나도** 발견되지 않았다 | 오류의 존재를 전면 부정함 |\n\n**아무도, 전혀, 하나도** 같은 표현은 부정과 호응해 부정 범위를 강하게 만든다. 반면 **누구나, 아무나**는 선택의 자유나 전칭에 가까운 의미를 가질 수 있으므로 형태가 비슷하다고 같은 부정 항목으로 다루면 안 된다.\n\n## 6. 양태와 부정의 순서\n\n부정과 **가능, 의무, 허가**가 결합하면 범위 차이가 행동 규칙을 정반대로 만들 수 있다.\n\n| 의미 관계 | 예 | 뜻 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 가능성의 부정 | 참석할 **수 없다** | 참석이 불가능하다 |\n| 부정 행동의 가능성 | **참석하지 않을 수 있다** | 불참을 선택할 가능성이 있다 |\n| 의무의 부정 | 참석할 **필요는 없다** | 참석이 의무가 아니다 |\n| 부정 행동의 의무 | 참석하지 **말아야 한다** | 불참해야 한다 |\n| 불참의 금지 | 참석하지 **않으면 안 된다** | 반드시 참석해야 한다 |\n\n:::danger\n**반드시 참석하지 않아도 된다**처럼 ‘반드시’와 부정·허가를 한꺼번에 쌓으면 ‘불참해도 된다’와 ‘반드시 불참해야 한다’가 충돌할 수 있다. **참석은 의무가 아니다** 또는 **참석해서는 안 된다**로 의도를 직접 써라.\n:::\n\n## 7. 이중 부정은 단순 긍정이 아니다\n\n논리적으로 두 부정이 상쇄되는 경우에도 실제 문장은 강한 필연, 마지못한 동의, 완곡한 긍정을 나타낼 수 있다.\n\n- **가지 않을 수 없다**: 상황상 갈 수밖에 없다.\n- **모른다고 할 수는 없다**: 어느 정도 알지만 전면적으로 안다고 단정하지는 않는다.\n- **나쁘지 않다**: ‘좋다’와 같을 수도 있지만, 기대 이상 또는 무난함이라는 약한 긍정일 수도 있다.\n- **불가능하지 않다**: 가능성은 열려 있으나 실현 가능성이 높다는 뜻은 아니다.\n\n:::example\n**“그 제안이 합리적이지 않다고 볼 수는 없다.”**\n\n논리적으로는 합리성을 인정하지만, 단순한 **“합리적이다”**보다 유보와 신중함이 강하다. 평가 보고서에서 이 차이를 없애면 화자의 확신 정도가 달라진다.\n:::\n\n## 8. 안긴절과 인용절의 부정 범위\n\n부정이 어느 절에 속하는지에 따라 사실 판단과 발화 책임이 달라진다.\n\n| 문장 | 부정되는 내용 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 그는 **회의가 열리지 않았다고** 말했다 | 인용 내용 속 ‘회의 개최’ |\n| 그는 **회의가 열렸다고 말하지 않았다** | ‘그가 그렇게 말했다’는 발화 사건 |\n| **회의에 참석하지 않은 직원**에게 연락했다 | 관형절 안의 직원 참석 여부 |\n| 직원에게 연락한 **것은 아니다** | 연락 사건 전체 또는 대조 초점 |\n\n**그는 오지 않겠다고 약속했다**는 불참을 약속했다는 뜻이고, **그는 오겠다고 약속하지 않았다**는 참석 약속의 부재를 뜻한다. 실제로 올지 여부는 두 번째 문장만으로 알 수 없다.\n\n## 9. 부정 범위를 해소하는 절차\n\n1. **긍정 명제를 복원한다.** 무엇이 성립한다는 문장을 부정하는지 적는다.\n2. **부정 표지의 절을 찾는다.** 주절·인용절·관형절 중 어디에 속하는지 확인한다.\n3. **수량과 양태를 표시한다.** *모든, 다, 가능, 의무*가 부정 안쪽인지 바깥인지 가른다.\n4. **대조 초점을 찾는다.** 강세, **은\u002F는**, **만\u002F도\u002F조차**가 어떤 대안을 여는지 본다.\n5. **한 명도\u002F일부\u002F모두는 아니다**처럼 수량 관계를 직접 쓴다.\n6. **불가능\u002F비의무\u002F금지**를 서로 다른 표현으로 구별한다.\n\n:::tip\n규정문에서는 부정문을 또 다른 부정문으로 풀이하지 말라. **제출하지 않아도 되지 않는 것은 아니다** 같은 연쇄 대신, 누가 무엇을 해야 하는지 긍정형으로 먼저 적어라.\n:::\n\n## 10. 최종 점검\n\n| 확인 항목 | 질문 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 부정 표지 | **안\u002F못\u002F-지 않다\u002F아니다\u002F없다** 중 무엇인가? |\n| 절의 범위 | 주절, 안긴절, 인용절 중 어디를 부정하는가? |\n| 수량 범위 | 전부가 아닌가, 하나도 아닌가, 일부만 아닌가? |\n| 양태 범위 | 불가능, 비의무, 금지, 불참 의무 중 무엇인가? |\n| 초점 | 누가·언제·어디서·무엇을에 대한 대조인가? |\n| 확신 정도 | 이중 부정이 강한 긍정인가, 유보된 긍정인가? |\n\n부정의 정확한 해석은 부정어 하나가 아니라 **그 부정어가 관할하는 명제와 대안**에서 나온다. 전체·부분, 가능·의무, 인용 안팎을 명시적으로 풀어 쓰면 부정문이 가진 유연함은 살리면서 중요한 의미의 중의성은 줄일 수 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밝혔다.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_c69ae0bb38de7506_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1807,"vocabularyWord":1808,"displayOrder":317},"01a09a7d-61b0-7092-bd40-5588a656562f",{"id":1809,"word":1810,"frequency":11,"level":899,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1811,"partsOfSpeech":1812,"audio":1262,"audioUrl":1815},"01a09a7d-5bef-7d5b-89c5-1baa8d377da4","안긴절","tts_8fa317086a38198a_ko-KR.mp3",[1813],{"id":1814,"partOfSpeech":1273,"definition":1261,"isPrimary":1262,"meaningOrder":11},"01a09a7d-5bf8-73af-8a90-e71caa8506f2","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_8fa317086a38198a_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1817,"vocabularyWord":1818,"displayOrder":327},"01a07865-2af3-7764-b1c2-cd5e86d7d107",{"id":1819,"word":1820,"frequency":31,"level":1090,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1821,"partsOfSpeech":1822,"audio":1262,"audioUrl":1827},"01a07864-27ce-7866-9725-85ac81ba424f","복원","tts_ba9a7a3ccbb18862_ko-KR.mp3",[1823],{"id":1824,"partOfSpeech":1273,"definition":1825,"exampleSentences":1826,"isPrimary":1262,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-280a-716d-a5a1-0c7e1bbd40c4","생략되거나 훼손되거나 바뀐 것을 원래 상태나 내용에 가깝게 되살리는 일.","독자는 앞 문장을 근거로 생략된 목적어를 복원했다.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_ba9a7a3ccbb18862_ko-KR.mp3",[],null,[1831,1840,1847],{"@id":1832,"@type":1833,"id":1834,"grammarPage":1835,"title":1836,"instructions":1837,"displayOrder":1244,"type":1838,"questionCount":56,"blankCount":56,"isCompleted":1243,"ogImageUrl":1839},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07863-e320-7d21-8faa-0734797677a1","GrammarExercise","01a07863-e320-7d21-8faa-0734797677a1","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a07863-d747-7d02-9170-02c9242f260d","Build Sentences with Precise Negation Scope","Arrange the Korean eojeol so that the scope of negation exactly matches the stated meaning. The targets use plain written-style endings (-다\u002F-았다), appropriate to this C2 set, and each item includes unused tiles that create a different scope or meaning.","sentence_builder","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_282edf58-bc1f-4dcd-a075-bb846ab69fd7_hero.webp?v=1788726207",{"@id":1841,"@type":1833,"id":1842,"grammarPage":1835,"title":1843,"instructions":1844,"displayOrder":11,"type":1845,"questionCount":81,"blankCount":81,"isCompleted":1243,"ogImageUrl":1846},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07863-e337-79ad-85b6-2f75a2e3979b","01a07863-e337-79ad-85b6-2f75a2e3979b","문장·성분·수량에 걸리는 부정","주어진 맥락에서 부정의 범위와 대조 초점을 가장 정확하게 드러내는 표현을 고르세요.","word_select","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_7db1b625-d9d2-4491-bd49-3e6da22660ff_hero.webp?v=1788726207",{"@id":1848,"@type":1833,"id":1849,"grammarPage":1835,"title":1850,"instructions":1851,"displayOrder":16,"type":1845,"questionCount":81,"blankCount":81,"isCompleted":1243,"ogImageUrl":1852},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07863-e357-73c4-a39a-a836dc56adfd","01a07863-e357-73c4-a39a-a836dc56adfd","양태·이중 부정·안긴절의 범위","맥락을 읽고 가능·의무·금지 또는 절의 안팎에 걸리는 부정을 가장 정확하게 표현한 문장을 고르세요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_e4558751-6ee0-4887-b70e-42f21e86d0da_hero.webp?v=1788726207",{"id":1842,"grammarPage":1835,"title":1843,"instructions":1844,"seoTitle":1854,"seoDescription":1855,"displayOrder":11,"type":1845,"questions":1856,"ogImageUrl":1846},"문장·성분·수량에 걸리는 부정 범위","문장 전체, 특정 성분, 수량 중 어디에 부정이 걸리는지 판단해 대조 초점이 드러나는 표현을 고르는 빈칸 연습이에요. 위원 전원이 불참한 회의록, 연구원이 아니라 팀장이 쓴 초안처럼 부정의 범위를 정확히 표현해요. 모두와 일부 부정의 차이를 조사로 드러내는 법을 익혀요.",[1857],{"id":1858,"sentenceTemplate":1859,"displayOrder":1244,"explanation":1860,"exampleSentence":1861,"blanks":1862},"01a07863-e337-7c81-85b6-2f75a561dbc7","회의록에는 위원 전원이 불참했다고 적혀 있다. 이 사실을 문장 전체의 부정으로 옮기면 “위원들은 심의에 __1__.”","위원 전원이 불참했다는 맥락이므로 ‘참석했다’라는 명제 전체가 성립하지 않았음을 나타내는 ‘참석하지 않았다’가 맞습니다.","현장 조사팀은 예정된 시각에 출발하지 않았다.",[1863],{"id":1864,"blankNumber":11,"options":1865},"01a07863-e337-7c29-85b6-2f75a53f31f5",[1866,1869,1872],{"id":1867,"optionText":1868,"isCorrect":1262,"displayOrder":1244},"01a07863-e337-7b81-85b6-2f75a3731be7","참석하지 않았다",{"id":1870,"optionText":1871,"isCorrect":1243,"displayOrder":11},"01a07863-e337-7bc1-85b6-2f75a4182a1f","참석하지 않은 것은 아니다",{"id":1873,"optionText":1874,"isCorrect":1243,"displayOrder":16},"01a07863-e337-7bed-85b6-2f75a48c4abb","참석하지 못한 사람도 있다",{"html":1876,"toc":1877},"\u003Cp>부정 표현은 단순히 긍정문 앞에 ‘아니다’를 붙이는 장치가 아니다. \u003Cstrong>안, 못, -지 않다, 아니다, 없다\u003C\u002Fstrong>가 어느 성분과 명제를 관할하는지에 따라 ‘전부가 아닌가’, ‘하나도 아닌가’, ‘의무가 없는가’, ‘해서는 안 되는가’가 달라진다. C2 수준에서는 부정 표지의 위치뿐 아니라 \u003Cstrong>작용 범위, 대조 초점, 억양, 맥락\u003C\u002Fstrong>을 함께 읽어야 한다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>이 글을 마치면 다음을 할 수 있다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>문장 부정과 성분 부정을 구별한다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>전체 부정과 부분 부정의 해석을 명시적으로 바꿔 쓴다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>부정과 수량사·양태·인용절의 범위 관계를 분석한다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>이중 부정과 완곡한 부정의 실제 담화 효과를 설명한다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>부정의 범위란 무엇인가\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>부정의 \u003Cstrong>범위\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 부정 연산자가 의미상 영향을 미치는 영역이다. 같은 부정문도 어떤 부분을 대안과 대조하느냐에 따라 여러 상황을 배제할 수 있다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>민수가 어제 서울에 가지 않았다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 적어도 다음과 같은 맥락에서 쓰일 수 있다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>간 사람은 민수가 아니라 \u003Cstrong>영희\u003C\u002Fstrong>였다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>간 날은 어제가 아니라 \u003Cstrong>그제\u003C\u002Fstrong>였다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>간 곳은 서울이 아니라 \u003Cstrong>부산\u003C\u002Fstrong>이었다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>민수가 한 일은 가는 것이 아니라 \u003Cstrong>전화하는 것\u003C\u002Fstrong>이었다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>‘민수가 어제 서울에 갔다’는 사건 전체가 성립하지 않았다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>이 해석들이 모두 별개의 문법 구조에서 나오는 것은 아니다. 부정문은 긍정 명제의 성립을 넓게 배제하고, 문맥과 강세가 어떤 대안을 부각하는지 정한다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>부정문의 여러 해석을 모두 엄격한 ‘중의성’으로 볼지, 하나의 넓은 의미가 맥락에서 구체화되는 ‘모호성’으로 볼지는 분석에 따라 다르다. 실제 사용에서는 해석 후보를 확인하고 필요한 정보를 명시하는 것이 더 중요하다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>문장 부정과 성분 부정\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>문장 부정\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 명제 전체의 성립을 부정하고, \u003Cstrong>성분 부정\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 특정 성분을 대조해 바로잡는다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>유형\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>예\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>자연스러운 후속 표현\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>문장 부정\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>민수는 회의에 \u003Cstrong>참석하지 않았다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>그래서 의결 과정을 보지 못했다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>주체 대조\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>불참한 사람은 \u003Cstrong>민수가 아니라 영희다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>불참자를 바로잡음\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>장소 대조\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>회의에 참석한 것이 아니라 \u003Cstrong>간담회에\u003C\u002Fstrong> 참석했다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>장소·행사의 종류를 바로잡음\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>방식 대조\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>직접 참석하지 않고 \u003Cstrong>온라인으로\u003C\u002Fstrong> 참여했다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>참여 방식만 부정함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>“제가 반대한 것은 아닙니다.”\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>이 문장은 ‘찬성했다’를 반드시 뜻하지 않는다. 유보했거나, 의견을 내지 않았거나, 결정 과정에 참여하지 않았을 수도 있다. 부정된 선택지와 실제 선택지를 구별해야 한다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>성분 부정을 분명히 하려면 \u003Cstrong>A가 아니라 B\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>A한 것이 아니라 B했다\u003C\u002Fstrong>처럼 대조항을 함께 제시하라. 강세만으로 범위를 전달하는 방식은 글에서 특히 불안정하다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-3\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>단형 부정과 장형 부정의 범위\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>안\u002F못 + 용언\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 단형 부정, \u003Cstrong>-지 않다\u002F-지 못하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 장형 부정이다. 둘은 많은 문맥에서 비슷하지만 형태적 결합 위치와 담화 사용역, 복잡한 범위 해석에서 차이를 보일 수 있다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>형식\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>예\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>기본 의미\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>안 부정\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>문을 \u003Cstrong>안 열었다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>여는 행위를 하지 않음\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>-지 않다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>문을 \u003Cstrong>열지 않았다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>여는 사건이 성립하지 않음\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>못 부정\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>문을 \u003Cstrong>못 열었다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>능력·조건 때문에 열기가 실현되지 못함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>-지 못하다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>문을 \u003Cstrong>열지 못했다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>실현 불가능이나 실패를 비교적 명시적으로 표현\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>단형 부정은 일상 구어에서 간결하고 자연스럽다. 장형 부정은 긴 술어, 공식적인 글, 대조 구조에서 부정 범위를 더 드러내기 쉽다. 그러나 \u003Cstrong>장형이면 언제나 넓은 범위\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>단형이면 언제나 좁은 범위\u003C\u002Fstrong>라고 단정해서는 안 된다. 술어 구조와 수량 표현, 화자의 해석 선호가 함께 작용한다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>안\u003C\u002Fstrong>과 \u003Cstrong>못\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 자유롭게 바꿀 수 없다. \u003Cstrong>안 갔다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 선택이나 단순 사실 부정을, \u003Cstrong>못 갔다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 외적 제약·능력 부족을 흔히 나타낸다. 고의성과 가능성이 중요한 문장에서는 반드시 구별하라.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-4\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>전체 부정과 부분 부정\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>전칭 표현 \u003Cstrong>모든\u003C\u002Fstrong>, 총량 표현 \u003Cstrong>다\u003C\u002Fstrong>가 부정과 결합하면 두 범위가 경쟁할 수 있다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>모든 학생이 과제를 제출하지 않았다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 문맥에 따라 다음 두 뜻으로 읽힐 수 있다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>전체 부정:\u003C\u002Fstrong> 학생 가운데 과제를 제출한 사람이 아무도 없다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>부분 부정:\u003C\u002Fstrong> 모든 학생이 제출한 것은 아니다. 일부는 제출했고 일부는 제출하지 않았다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>의도\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>명확한 표현\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>한 명도 제출하지 않음\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>학생이 한 명도 과제를 제출하지 않았다.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>일부만 제출하지 않음\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>모든 학생이 과제를 제출한 것은 아니다.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>미제출자가 여러 명임\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>과제를 제출하지 않은 학생이 여러 명이다.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>자료를 다 읽지 않았다\u003C\u002Fstrong>도 ‘자료를 하나도 읽지 않았다’보다 ‘전부를 읽은 것은 아니다’로 흔히 이해되지만, 문맥 없이 중요한 수치를 전달하기에는 여전히 불충분하다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>모호함:\u003C\u002Fstrong> 심사위원들이 모든 항목을 검토하지 않았다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>전원 미검토: 심사위원들은 \u003Cstrong>어느 항목도 검토하지 않았다\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>항목 일부 미검토: 심사위원들은 \u003Cstrong>일부 항목을 검토하지 않았다\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>심사위원 일부만 미검토: \u003Cstrong>모든 심사위원이 항목을 검토한 것은 아니다\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-5\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>초점 보조사와 부정\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>부정문 안의 \u003Cstrong>만, 도, 조차, 하나도\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 대안 집합과 기대를 조절한다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>표현\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>예\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>핵심 해석\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>만 … 않다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>민수\u003Cstrong>만\u003C\u002Fstrong> 오지 않았다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>다른 사람은 왔고 민수만 예외임\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>도 … 않다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>민수\u003Cstrong>도\u003C\u002Fstrong> 오지 않았다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>다른 불참자에 민수까지 포함됨\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>조차 … 않다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>민수\u003Cstrong>조차\u003C\u002Fstrong> 오지 않았다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>올 것으로 기대한 민수마저 불참함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>하나도 … 않다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>오류가 \u003Cstrong>하나도\u003C\u002Fstrong> 발견되지 않았다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>오류의 존재를 전면 부정함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>아무도, 전혀, 하나도\u003C\u002Fstrong> 같은 표현은 부정과 호응해 부정 범위를 강하게 만든다. 반면 \u003Cstrong>누구나, 아무나\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 선택의 자유나 전칭에 가까운 의미를 가질 수 있으므로 형태가 비슷하다고 같은 부정 항목으로 다루면 안 된다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-6\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">6.\u003C\u002Fspan>양태와 부정의 순서\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>부정과 \u003Cstrong>가능, 의무, 허가\u003C\u002Fstrong>가 결합하면 범위 차이가 행동 규칙을 정반대로 만들 수 있다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>의미 관계\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>예\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>뜻\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>가능성의 부정\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>참석할 \u003Cstrong>수 없다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>참석이 불가능하다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>부정 행동의 가능성\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>참석하지 않을 수 있다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>불참을 선택할 가능성이 있다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>의무의 부정\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>참석할 \u003Cstrong>필요는 없다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>참석이 의무가 아니다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>부정 행동의 의무\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>참석하지 \u003Cstrong>말아야 한다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>불참해야 한다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>불참의 금지\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>참석하지 \u003Cstrong>않으면 안 된다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>반드시 참석해야 한다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--danger\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>반드시 참석하지 않아도 된다\u003C\u002Fstrong>처럼 ‘반드시’와 부정·허가를 한꺼번에 쌓으면 ‘불참해도 된다’와 ‘반드시 불참해야 한다’가 충돌할 수 있다. \u003Cstrong>참석은 의무가 아니다\u003C\u002Fstrong> 또는 \u003Cstrong>참석해서는 안 된다\u003C\u002Fstrong>로 의도를 직접 써라.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-7\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">7.\u003C\u002Fspan>이중 부정은 단순 긍정이 아니다\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>논리적으로 두 부정이 상쇄되는 경우에도 실제 문장은 강한 필연, 마지못한 동의, 완곡한 긍정을 나타낼 수 있다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>가지 않을 수 없다\u003C\u002Fstrong>: 상황상 갈 수밖에 없다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>모른다고 할 수는 없다\u003C\u002Fstrong>: 어느 정도 알지만 전면적으로 안다고 단정하지는 않는다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>나쁘지 않다\u003C\u002Fstrong>: ‘좋다’와 같을 수도 있지만, 기대 이상 또는 무난함이라는 약한 긍정일 수도 있다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>불가능하지 않다\u003C\u002Fstrong>: 가능성은 열려 있으나 실현 가능성이 높다는 뜻은 아니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>“그 제안이 합리적이지 않다고 볼 수는 없다.”\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>논리적으로는 합리성을 인정하지만, 단순한 **“합리적이다”**보다 유보와 신중함이 강하다. 평가 보고서에서 이 차이를 없애면 화자의 확신 정도가 달라진다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-8\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">8.\u003C\u002Fspan>안긴절과 인용절의 부정 범위\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>부정이 어느 절에 속하는지에 따라 사실 판단과 발화 책임이 달라진다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>문장\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>부정되는 내용\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>그는 \u003Cstrong>회의가 열리지 않았다고\u003C\u002Fstrong> 말했다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>인용 내용 속 ‘회의 개최’\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>그는 \u003Cstrong>회의가 열렸다고 말하지 않았다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>‘그가 그렇게 말했다’는 발화 사건\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>회의에 참석하지 않은 직원\u003C\u002Fstrong>에게 연락했다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>관형절 안의 직원 참석 여부\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>직원에게 연락한 \u003Cstrong>것은 아니다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>연락 사건 전체 또는 대조 초점\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>그는 오지 않겠다고 약속했다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 불참을 약속했다는 뜻이고, \u003Cstrong>그는 오겠다고 약속하지 않았다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 참석 약속의 부재를 뜻한다. 실제로 올지 여부는 두 번째 문장만으로 알 수 없다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-9\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">9.\u003C\u002Fspan>부정 범위를 해소하는 절차\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>긍정 명제를 복원한다.\u003C\u002Fstrong> 무엇이 성립한다는 문장을 부정하는지 적는다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>부정 표지의 절을 찾는다.\u003C\u002Fstrong> 주절·인용절·관형절 중 어디에 속하는지 확인한다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>수량과 양태를 표시한다.\u003C\u002Fstrong> \u003Cem>모든, 다, 가능, 의무\u003C\u002Fem>가 부정 안쪽인지 바깥인지 가른다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>대조 초점을 찾는다.\u003C\u002Fstrong> 강세, \u003Cstrong>은\u002F는\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>만\u002F도\u002F조차\u003C\u002Fstrong>가 어떤 대안을 여는지 본다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>한 명도\u002F일부\u002F모두는 아니다\u003C\u002Fstrong>처럼 수량 관계를 직접 쓴다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>불가능\u002F비의무\u002F금지\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 서로 다른 표현으로 구별한다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>규정문에서는 부정문을 또 다른 부정문으로 풀이하지 말라. \u003Cstrong>제출하지 않아도 되지 않는 것은 아니다\u003C\u002Fstrong> 같은 연쇄 대신, 누가 무엇을 해야 하는지 긍정형으로 먼저 적어라.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-10\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">10.\u003C\u002Fspan>최종 점검\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>확인 항목\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>질문\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>부정 표지\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>안\u002F못\u002F-지 않다\u002F아니다\u002F없다\u003C\u002Fstrong> 중 무엇인가?\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>절의 범위\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>주절, 안긴절, 인용절 중 어디를 부정하는가?\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>수량 범위\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>전부가 아닌가, 하나도 아닌가, 일부만 아닌가?\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>양태 범위\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>불가능, 비의무, 금지, 불참 의무 중 무엇인가?\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>초점\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>누가·언제·어디서·무엇을에 대한 대조인가?\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>확신 정도\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>이중 부정이 강한 긍정인가, 유보된 긍정인가?\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>부정의 정확한 해석은 부정어 하나가 아니라 \u003Cstrong>그 부정어가 관할하는 명제와 대안\u003C\u002Fstrong>에서 나온다. 전체·부분, 가능·의무, 인용 안팎을 명시적으로 풀어 쓰면 부정문이 가진 유연함은 살리면서 중요한 의미의 중의성은 줄일 수 있다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",[1878,1882,1886,1890,1894,1898,1902,1906,1910,1914],{"id":1879,"text":1880,"depth":16,"number":1881},"section","부정의 범위란 무엇인가","1",{"id":1883,"text":1884,"depth":16,"number":1885},"section-2","문장 부정과 성분 부정","2",{"id":1887,"text":1888,"depth":16,"number":1889},"section-3","단형 부정과 장형 부정의 범위","3",{"id":1891,"text":1892,"depth":16,"number":1893},"section-4","전체 부정과 부분 부정","4",{"id":1895,"text":1896,"depth":16,"number":1897},"section-5","초점 보조사와 부정","5",{"id":1899,"text":1900,"depth":16,"number":1901},"section-6","양태와 부정의 순서","6",{"id":1903,"text":1904,"depth":16,"number":1905},"section-7","이중 부정은 단순 긍정이 아니다","7",{"id":1907,"text":1908,"depth":16,"number":1909},"section-8","안긴절과 인용절의 부정 범위","8",{"id":1911,"text":1912,"depth":16,"number":1913},"section-9","부정 범위를 해소하는 절차","9",{"id":1915,"text":1916,"depth":16,"number":1917},"section-10","최종 점검","10"]