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정보 초점","eosun-idong-gwa-jeongbo-chojeom",165,{"id":836,"title":837,"slug":838,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":839},"01a07863-dab5-740e-83b8-33f381df3c93","조사 결합과 의미 범위","josa-gyeolhap-gwa-uimi-beomwi",166,{"id":841,"title":842,"slug":843,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":844},"01a07863-d717-7c49-836e-9cd2147ab799","보조사 '-조차·-마저·-까지도'","bojosa-jocha-majeo-kkajido",167,{"id":846,"title":847,"slug":848,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":849},"01a07863-d987-7c0b-91c8-c3837f99a60f","하오체의 형태와 사용 맥락","haoche-ui-hyeongtae-wa-maengnak",168,{"id":851,"title":852,"slug":853,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":854},"01a07863-d94e-7f7d-bd36-aea815da0959","하게체의 형태와 사용 맥락","hageche-ui-hyeongtae-wa-maengnak",169,{"id":856,"title":857,"slug":858,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":859},"01a07863-d858-74ca-b8ff-d9b13d4b0e74","간접 부탁과 완곡한 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태도","inyong-dongsa-ui-seontaek",195,{"id":987,"title":988,"slug":989,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":990},"01a07863-d70b-7796-861c-b6fde39f3320","비인칭 피동과 책임 회피","biinching-pidong-gwa-chaegim-hoepi",196,{"id":992,"title":993,"slug":994,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":995},"01a07863-dbfe-7715-a73d-d97b70250059","사동 구문과 책임의 범위","sadong-gumun-gwa-chaegim-beomwi",197,{"id":997,"title":998,"slug":999,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1000},"01a07863-dba0-7c89-90d4-2eef83532006","높임 표현의 충돌과 우선순위","nopim-pyohyeon-ui-chungdol",198,{"id":1002,"title":1003,"slug":1004,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1005},"01a07863-db20-75e4-9e91-1851bedaec66","말하기 등급의 전환과 관계 재조정","malhagi-deunggeup-ui-jeonhwan",199,{"id":1007,"title":1008,"slug":1009,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1010},"01a07863-dcba-7864-9960-b92f40934922","완곡어법과 체면 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차이","jeongdoseong-geukdanseong-ui-chai",215,{"id":1087,"title":1088,"slug":1089,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1091},"01a07863-d96c-7023-bb30-3a3d8f787aa2","한글 맞춤법의 역사적 변화","hangeul-matchumbeop-ui-yeoksajeok-byeonhwa","C2",216,{"id":1093,"title":1094,"slug":1095,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1096},"01a07863-db03-771f-a039-b9257e399114","중세 한국어 문법의 현대 한국어 흔적","jungse-hangugeo-munbeop-ui-heunjeok",217,{"id":1098,"title":1099,"slug":1100,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1101},"01a07863-da9b-74e0-aa05-b70e5e015c3d","지역·세대·사용역에 따른 발음 변이","jiyeok-sedae-sayongyeok-bareum-byeoni",218,{"id":1103,"title":1104,"slug":1105,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1106},"01a07863-d8dd-7b49-bcf9-020299f60a53","고전 문헌의 말하기 등급","gojeon-munheon-ui-malhagi-deunggeup",219,{"id":1108,"title":1109,"slug":1110,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1111},"01a07863-d8e4-7f0a-9847-6e75a50aa53d","고전적 높임 표현과 현대의 잔존형","gojeonjeok-nopim-pyohyeon",220,{"id":1113,"title":1114,"slug":1115,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1116},"01a07863-d6d4-7878-ad37-a4982f125903","방언의 말하기 등급과 사회적 의미","bangeon-ui-malhagi-deunggeup",221,{"id":1118,"title":1119,"slug":1120,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1121},"01a07863-d80d-7c71-85f6-c3236a70cc6b","언어 형식의 사회적 지표성","eoneo-hyeongsik-ui-sahoejeok-jipyoseong",222,{"id":1123,"title":1124,"slug":1125,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1126},"01a07863-d737-779b-ad54-78d521a176d0","복합 사용역과 문체 혼합","bokhap-sayongyeok-gwa-munche-honhap",223,{"id":1128,"title":1129,"slug":1130,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1131},"01a07863-da4d-7c0e-aee9-47ad0c32ab41","전달 정보의 증거성과 화자 개입","jeondal-jeongbo-jeunggeoseong-hwaja-gaeip",224,{"id":1133,"title":1134,"slug":1135,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1136},"01a07863-d9f3-784c-8444-b4e48a91a5f4","인식·당위·능력 양태의 중첩","insik-dangwi-neungnyeok-yangtae-jungcheop",225,{"id":1138,"title":1139,"slug":1140,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1141},"01a07863-d87d-7421-a10d-016685c3019e","극도로 중첩된 종속 구조","geukdoro-jungcheopdoen-jongsok-gujo",226,{"id":1143,"title":1144,"slug":1145,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1146},"01a07863-db6c-76c8-9d8d-1bf0ff302356","명사구 내부의 다중 수식 범위","myeongsagu-naebu-dajung-susik-beomwi",227,{"id":1148,"title":1149,"slug":1150,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1151},"01a07863-d7a7-7713-b582-4635b340fb8c","다층 인용과 발화 책임","dachung-inyong-gwa-balhwa-chaegim",228,{"id":1153,"title":1154,"slug":1155,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1156},"01a07863-dc93-7bf7-baaf-646f405d0a93","통사적 중의성과 구조 해석","tongsajeok-junguiseong-gujo-haeseok",229,{"id":1158,"title":1159,"slug":1160,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1161},"01a07863-d747-7d02-9170-02c9242f260d","부정의 범위와 중의성","bujeong-ui-beomwi-wa-junguiseong",230,{"id":1163,"title":1164,"slug":1165,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1166},"01a07863-dc82-74cf-aed9-03ef012ba1ae","수량사의 작용역과 범위","suryangsa-ui-jagyongyeok-gwa-beomwi",231,{"id":1168,"title":1169,"slug":1170,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1171},"01a07863-d7c0-7033-8973-1acd78835224","다중 주제 구조와 화제 계층","dajung-juje-gujo-hwaje-gyecheung",232,{"id":1173,"title":1174,"slug":1175,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1176},"01a07863-db0f-7d14-b181-22045286272f","좌측·우측 전위와 담화 기능","jwacheuk-ucheuk-jeonwi",233,{"id":1178,"title":1179,"slug":1180,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1181},"01a07863-d75d-772e-9d3e-5b6275433f2d","분열문과 초점 구조","bunyeolmun-gwa-chojeom-gujo",234,{"id":1183,"title":1184,"slug":1185,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1186},"01a07863-dc88-7813-ac0c-b5506052d4fc","수사적 생략과 여백의 효과","susajeok-saengnyak-gwa-yeobaek",235,{"id":1188,"title":1189,"slug":1190,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1191},"01a07863-dc1b-7dc0-832f-4f108853f305","상호 텍스트성과 변형 인용","sangho-tekseuteuseong-byeonhyeong-inyong",236,{"id":1193,"title":1194,"slug":1195,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1196},"01a07863-d979-798b-b0e1-1f25c0511cbb","한자어 중심 문체의 압축성","hanjaeo-jungsim-munche-ui-apchukseong",237,{"id":1198,"title":1199,"slug":1200,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1201},"01a07863-d6ec-7d59-96d2-3ffd339ca6c2","법률·행정 문체의 문법","beomnyul-haengjeong-munche-ui-munbeop",238,{"id":1203,"title":1204,"slug":1205,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1206},"01a07863-d95e-724f-aebc-136eef75e32d","학술 문체의 고도 명사화","haksul-munche-ui-godo-myeongsahwa",239,{"id":1208,"title":1209,"slug":1210,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1211},"01a07863-db4f-75fe-832e-52c746aeace4","문학 서사의 시점과 화자","munhak-seosa-ui-sijeom-gwa-hwaja",240,{"id":1213,"title":1214,"slug":1215,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1216},"01a07863-da34-7109-a69e-dcc4f425ced7","자유 간접 화법과 의식의 표현","jayu-ganjeop-hwabeop",241,{"id":1218,"title":1219,"slug":1220,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1221},"01a07863-dc71-7158-bad9-cc4b5c91a482","속담·관용구의 변형과 재맥락화","sokdam-gwanyonggu-byeonhyeong",242,{"id":1223,"title":1224,"slug":1225,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1226},"01a07863-dcb3-7256-be14-3efead0203a1","의성어·의태어의 파생과 활용","uiseongeo-uitaeeo-pasaeng-hwaryong",243,{"id":1228,"title":1229,"slug":1230,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1231},"01a07863-dc69-7a26-9a3b-aaffc3c91e21","신조어의 파생 문법과 확장","sinjoeo-ui-pasaeng-munbeop",244,{"id":1233,"title":1234,"slug":1235,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1236},"01a07863-db09-7a45-a9a7-3b2525079877","중의성과 응집성을 다듬는 고급 퇴고","junguiseong-eungjipseong-gogeup-toego",245,{"id":871,"title":872,"slug":873,"seoDescription":1238,"content":1239,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":874,"grammarTopics":1240,"createdAt":1246,"updatedAt":1247,"vocabularyLists":1248,"primaryTopicHub":1249,"readyImages":1251},"담화에서 특정 성분을 다른 가능성과 대비해 두드러지게 만드는 한국어 대조 초점을 익힙니다. '-은\u002F는·-만·-도·-까지'가 불러오는 대안과 암묵적 비교를 분석하고, 조사 위치와 부정 범위에 따른 의미 차이, 억양과 문맥의 역할, 오해를 막는 명시적 비교 표현을 연습합니다.","## 말하지 않은 대안을 떠올리게 하는 초점\n\n**대조 초점**은 한 문장 성분을 두드러지게 하여 다른 가능한 사람, 사물, 행동과 비교하게 만드는 기능입니다. 비교 대상을 직접 말하지 않아도 조사, 어순, 억양과 앞뒤 문맥을 통해 *암묵적 비교*가 생길 수 있습니다.\n\n:::example\n가: 새 카페 어때요?\n\n나: **커피는** 맛있어요.\n\n`커피는 맛있어요`는 커피를 다른 요소와 대비합니다. 문맥에 따라 “하지만 디저트나 서비스는 그렇지 않을 수 있다”라는 뜻을 암시할 수 있지만, 그 부정적 평가가 문장에 명시된 것은 아닙니다.\n:::\n\n## '-은\u002F는'이 만드는 대조\n\n`-은\u002F는`은 단순히 문장의 주제를 표시할 수도 있고, 다른 대안을 떠올리게 할 수도 있습니다. 어떤 기능인지는 질문과 억양, 문맥으로 판단합니다.\n\n- `민수는 부산에 살아요.` → 민수를 화제로 삼는 중립적인 소개일 수 있습니다.\n- `민수는 왔어요.` → “다른 사람은 몰라도 민수는 왔다”라는 대조가 문맥에 따라 생깁니다.\n- `이 책은 읽었어요.` → 다른 책은 읽지 않았을 가능성을 열어 둡니다.\n- `가격은 싸요.` → 가격 이외의 품질이나 편의성은 다르게 평가할 수 있음을 암시할 수 있습니다.\n\n:::note\n`-은\u002F는`이 있다고 언제나 “하지만”이 생기는 것은 아닙니다. 처음 소개하는 화제인지, 이미 비교 중인 대상인지 먼저 확인하세요. 암묵적 비교는 가능한 해석이지 문장만으로 확정되는 사실이 아닙니다.\n:::\n\n## 보조사마다 설정하는 대안이 달라요\n\n| 조사 | 초점의 의미 | 예문 | 떠오르는 대안 |\n|---|---|---|---|\n| **-은\u002F는** | 대조하거나 화제로 제한 | 민수**는** 왔어요. | 다른 사람은 어떤가? |\n| **-만** | 다른 대안을 제외 | 민수**만** 왔어요. | 민수 외에는 오지 않음 |\n| **-도** | 같은 성립 대상을 추가 | 민수**도** 왔어요. | 다른 누군가도 옴 |\n| **-까지** | 예상 밖의 대상을 포함 | 민수**까지** 왔어요. | 예상한 사람들에 민수도 더해짐 |\n\n`-만`은 제외를 비교적 분명히 표현하지만, `-은\u002F는`은 다른 대안의 사실 여부를 열어 둡니다. `민수는 왔다`만으로 다른 사람이 오지 않았다고 단정하면 안 됩니다.\n\n## 조사 위치가 초점의 범위를 정해요\n\n조사는 바로 앞의 성분을 중심으로 대안의 범위를 만듭니다.\n\n| 문장 | 초점 | 의미 |\n|---|---|---|\n| **민수만** 지수를 만났다. | 만난 사람 | 민수 외의 사람은 지수를 만나지 않았다. |\n| 민수가 **지수만** 만났다. | 만난 대상 | 민수는 지수 외의 사람을 만나지 않았다. |\n| 민수는 **서울에서만** 일한다. | 장소 | 다른 장소에서는 일하지 않는다. |\n| 민수는 서울에서 **주말에만** 일한다. | 시간 | 서울에서도 주말로 시간을 제한한다. |\n\n긴 문장에서는 초점 조사와 관련된 서술어가 멀어질 수 있습니다. 여러 해석이 가능하면 초점 성분을 서술어 가까이에 놓거나 문장을 나누세요.\n\n## 부정과 만나면 의미가 더 섬세해져요\n\n부정 표현의 범위에 따라 전체 부정과 부분 부정이 달라집니다.\n\n- `책을 읽지 않았다.` → 읽는 행동 전체를 부정합니다.\n- `책을 **다 읽지는 않았다**.` → 일부는 읽었을 수 있지만 완독은 부정합니다.\n- `그 제안이 **좋기만 하지는 않다**.` → 장점은 있지만 단점도 있다고 암시합니다.\n- `민수만 오지 않았다.` → 다른 사람은 왔지만 민수는 오지 않았다는 해석이 자연스럽습니다.\n\n`다`, `항상`, `완전히` 같은 말에 `-은\u002F는`을 붙이고 뒤에서 부정하면 **그 범위 전체만 부정**하는 부분 부정이 자주 나타납니다.\n\n:::warning\n`모두가 동의한 것은 아니다`는 “아무도 동의하지 않았다”가 아니라 “동의하지 않은 사람도 있다”라는 뜻입니다. 부분 부정을 전체 부정으로 읽지 않도록 초점이 놓인 표현을 확인하세요.\n:::\n\n## 비교를 명시하면 오해를 줄일 수 있어요\n\n암묵적 비교가 평가나 비판으로 들릴 가능성이 있으면 비교 대상을 직접 밝히는 편이 좋습니다.\n\n1. `지난 모델에 **비해** 가격은 싸지만 무게는 늘었습니다.`\n2. `오전 회의와 **달리** 오후 회의는 온라인으로 진행합니다.`\n3. `속도는 빠른 **반면**, 정확도는 조금 낮습니다.`\n4. `적어도 일정**만은** 지켜야 합니다.`\n\n말할 때는 강세도 초점을 바꿉니다. `민수가 보고서를 제출했어요`에서 **민수가**, **보고서를**, **제출했어요** 중 어디를 세게 말하는지에 따라 교정하려는 정보가 달라질 수 있습니다. 글에서는 억양이 보이지 않으므로 조사와 명시적 비교 표현이 더 중요합니다.\n\n## 핵심 정리\n\n대조 초점은 특정 성분을 가능한 대안들과 비교하게 합니다. `-은\u002F는`은 대조를 암시하지만 다른 대안을 바로 부정하지 않고, `-만·-도·-까지`는 각각 제외·추가·예상 밖의 포함을 나타냅니다. 조사 위치와 부정 범위를 확인하고, 중요한 평가에서는 `-에 비해`, `-와 달리`, `반면`으로 비교 기준을 밝혀야 의미가 정확해집니다.",[1241],{"id":1242,"name":1243,"level":683,"language":9,"isCompleted":1244,"completionPercentage":1245,"totalExercises":51,"completedExercises":1245},"01a09c0b-58b1-741d-b533-dc96f0c5fc33","주제 흐름과 담화 응집성",false,0,"2026-09-06T20:23:24+00:00","2026-10-11T12:53:37+00:00",[],{"name":1243,"slug":1250,"language":9},"juje-heuleum-damhwa-eungjipseong-b2",[],{"id":1242,"name":1243,"slug":1250,"language":9,"level":683,"introduction":1253,"lessonCount":21,"totalExercises":51,"objectives":1254,"prerequisites":1258,"lessons":1260},"글과 대화의 주제를 이어 가고 지시 대상을 연결한 뒤, 대조 초점으로 숨은 비교까지 읽어 내는 길입니다. 조사와 담화 표지, 지시어와 대용어를 이용해 독자가 선행 대상을 놓치지 않도록 글의 연결을 다듬습니다.",[1255,1256,1257],"주제 유지와 전환에 알맞은 조사와 담화 표지를 선택할 수 있다.","지시어와 대용어의 선행 대상을 명확히 연결할 수 있다.","대조 초점이 암시하는 생략된 비교 대상을 추론할 수 있다.",[1259],"B1의 담화 표지와 은\u002F는·이\u002F가 정보 구조를 이해한다.",[1261,1276,1289],{"id":866,"contentId":1262,"slug":868,"title":867,"level":683,"summary":1263,"order":11,"exercises":1264},"pg_5b11c97e-1091-4157-acaa-adf7c27ae48e","조사와 담화 표지를 활용해 주제를 유지하거나 자연스럽게 전환한다.",[1265,1269,1272],{"id":1266,"title":1267,"order":1245,"type":1268},"01a07864-06cd-773e-85d1-168def5c9cea","주제 유지와 분명한 지시","word_select",{"id":1270,"title":1271,"order":11,"type":1268},"01a07864-06eb-752a-b80b-ad6b20e7ae78","전환 표지와 담화의 경계",{"id":1273,"title":1274,"order":16,"type":1275},"01a07864-0706-71da-b624-de7f07d82855","Build a Clear Topic Flow","sentence_builder",{"id":876,"contentId":1277,"slug":878,"title":877,"level":683,"summary":1278,"order":16,"exercises":1279},"pg_1cd8a570-b86d-4889-b11c-368801a99553","지시어와 대용어가 가리키는 대상을 분명히 해 문장 사이의 응집성을 만든다.",[1280,1283,1286],{"id":1281,"title":1282,"order":1245,"type":1268},"01a07864-038a-765e-814e-805a63cc0de8","Reference and substitution in context",{"id":1284,"title":1285,"order":11,"type":1268},"01a07864-03a2-74c4-b191-3f359d429623","Clarify antecedents and reference chains",{"id":1287,"title":1288,"order":16,"type":1275},"01a07864-03bf-7ac5-becf-cda2ee82031e","Build clear Korean reference chains",{"id":871,"contentId":1290,"slug":873,"title":872,"level":683,"summary":1291,"order":21,"exercises":1292},"pg_e1e09325-b7a3-444a-9297-1c11904f092e","은\u002F는과 보조사로 대조 초점을 세우고 생략된 비교 대상을 추론한다.",[1293,1296,1299],{"id":1294,"title":1295,"order":1245,"type":1268},"01a07863-e711-71ed-afe9-4ef4ea1f6757","Focus particles and their scope",{"id":1297,"title":1298,"order":11,"type":1268},"01a07863-e72b-7149-9c58-72e9f1a3c87c","Partial negation and explicit comparison",{"id":1300,"title":1301,"order":16,"type":1275},"01a07863-e742-7ae4-813d-9c92799dcb2d","Build sentences with focus and comparison",[1303,1309,1313],{"@id":1304,"@type":1305,"id":1294,"grammarPage":1306,"title":1295,"instructions":1307,"displayOrder":1245,"type":1268,"questionCount":76,"blankCount":76,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1308},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07863-e711-71ed-afe9-4ef4ea1f6757","GrammarExercise","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a07863-d7ad-7b97-ac94-5af97fdfc1e5","Choose the Korean particle or interpretation that best fits each discourse context. Distinguish what the sentence asserts from what it merely implies.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_f941a5e5-39c3-46fd-a1ea-bb642d6c7756_hero.webp?v=1788726208",{"@id":1310,"@type":1305,"id":1297,"grammarPage":1306,"title":1298,"instructions":1311,"displayOrder":11,"type":1268,"questionCount":76,"blankCount":76,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1312},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07863-e72b-7149-9c58-72e9f1a3c87c","Choose the Korean form or interpretation that gives the intended scope of negation or makes the comparison standard explicit.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_e2bd83bf-e8a5-4aa5-b749-bf0ff17e5fcf_hero.webp?v=1788726208",{"@id":1314,"@type":1305,"id":1300,"grammarPage":1306,"title":1301,"instructions":1315,"displayOrder":16,"type":1275,"questionCount":66,"blankCount":66,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1316},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07863-e742-7ae4-813d-9c92799dcb2d","Tap the tiles in order to build the Korean sentence described by the English cue. Leave out the two extra tiles.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_61ffbf37-e687-4430-8d05-329ee6131703_hero.webp?v=1788726208",{"id":1294,"grammarPage":1306,"title":1295,"instructions":1307,"seoTitle":1318,"seoDescription":1319,"displayOrder":1245,"type":1268,"questions":1320,"ogImageUrl":1308},"대조 초점 보조사와 작용 범위","담화 맥락에 맞는 초점 보조사를 고르고 문장이 단언하는 것과 암시하는 것을 구별하는 빈칸 연습이에요. 남은 서류가 보고서 하나뿐인 상황, 다른 사람은 모르지만 민수는 왔다는 대조처럼 '-만'과 '-는'의 범위를 익혀요. 명시하지 않은 비교 대상을 문맥으로 찾아요.",[1321],{"id":1322,"sentenceTemplate":1323,"displayOrder":1245,"explanation":1324,"exampleSentence":1325,"blanks":1326},"01a07863-e711-74c1-afe9-4ef4ec061950","All the other documents have been submitted, and the one remaining report is the only document left. State that exclusivity explicitly rather than merely implying it: 다른 서류는 모두 제출했고 보고서__1__ 남았어요.","All three particles can occur before '남았어요', but only '만' excludes every other document type and matches the context that one report alone remains.","신청서만 내지 않았고 첨부 서류는 모두 냈어요.",[1327],{"id":1328,"blankNumber":11,"options":1329},"01a07863-e711-7441-afe9-4ef4ebb8de92",[1330,1333,1337],{"id":1331,"optionText":1332,"isCorrect":1244,"displayOrder":1245},"01a07863-e711-7391-afe9-4ef4ea64be57","는",{"id":1334,"optionText":1335,"isCorrect":1336,"displayOrder":11},"01a07863-e711-73ed-afe9-4ef4ea83ebfa","만",true,{"id":1338,"optionText":1339,"isCorrect":1244,"displayOrder":16},"01a07863-e711-7419-afe9-4ef4eb060e54","도",{"html":1341,"toc":1342},"\u003Ch2 id=\"section\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>말하지 않은 대안을 떠올리게 하는 초점\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>대조 초점\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 한 문장 성분을 두드러지게 하여 다른 가능한 사람, 사물, 행동과 비교하게 만드는 기능입니다. 비교 대상을 직접 말하지 않아도 조사, 어순, 억양과 앞뒤 문맥을 통해 \u003Cem>암묵적 비교\u003C\u002Fem>가 생길 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>가: 새 카페 어때요?\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>나: \u003Cstrong>커피는\u003C\u002Fstrong> 맛있어요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ccode>커피는 맛있어요\u003C\u002Fcode>는 커피를 다른 요소와 대비합니다. 문맥에 따라 “하지만 디저트나 서비스는 그렇지 않을 수 있다”라는 뜻을 암시할 수 있지만, 그 부정적 평가가 문장에 명시된 것은 아닙니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"-\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>'-은\u002F는'이 만드는 대조\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ccode>-은\u002F는\u003C\u002Fcode>은 단순히 문장의 주제를 표시할 수도 있고, 다른 대안을 떠올리게 할 수도 있습니다. 어떤 기능인지는 질문과 억양, 문맥으로 판단합니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>민수는 부산에 살아요.\u003C\u002Fcode> → 민수를 화제로 삼는 중립적인 소개일 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>민수는 왔어요.\u003C\u002Fcode> → “다른 사람은 몰라도 민수는 왔다”라는 대조가 문맥에 따라 생깁니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>이 책은 읽었어요.\u003C\u002Fcode> → 다른 책은 읽지 않았을 가능성을 열어 둡니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>가격은 싸요.\u003C\u002Fcode> → 가격 이외의 품질이나 편의성은 다르게 평가할 수 있음을 암시할 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>\u003Ccode>-은\u002F는\u003C\u002Fcode>이 있다고 언제나 “하지만”이 생기는 것은 아닙니다. 처음 소개하는 화제인지, 이미 비교 중인 대상인지 먼저 확인하세요. 암묵적 비교는 가능한 해석이지 문장만으로 확정되는 사실이 아닙니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>보조사마다 설정하는 대안이 달라요\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>조사\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>초점의 의미\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>예문\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>떠오르는 대안\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>-은\u002F는\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>대조하거나 화제로 제한\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>민수\u003Cstrong>는\u003C\u002Fstrong> 왔어요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>다른 사람은 어떤가?\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>-만\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>다른 대안을 제외\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>민수\u003Cstrong>만\u003C\u002Fstrong> 왔어요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>민수 외에는 오지 않음\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>-도\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>같은 성립 대상을 추가\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>민수\u003Cstrong>도\u003C\u002Fstrong> 왔어요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>다른 누군가도 옴\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>-까지\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>예상 밖의 대상을 포함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>민수\u003Cstrong>까지\u003C\u002Fstrong> 왔어요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>예상한 사람들에 민수도 더해짐\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ccode>-만\u003C\u002Fcode>은 제외를 비교적 분명히 표현하지만, \u003Ccode>-은\u002F는\u003C\u002Fcode>은 다른 대안의 사실 여부를 열어 둡니다. \u003Ccode>민수는 왔다\u003C\u002Fcode>만으로 다른 사람이 오지 않았다고 단정하면 안 됩니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-3\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>조사 위치가 초점의 범위를 정해요\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>조사는 바로 앞의 성분을 중심으로 대안의 범위를 만듭니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>문장\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>초점\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>의미\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>민수만\u003C\u002Fstrong> 지수를 만났다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>만난 사람\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>민수 외의 사람은 지수를 만나지 않았다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>민수가 \u003Cstrong>지수만\u003C\u002Fstrong> 만났다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>만난 대상\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>민수는 지수 외의 사람을 만나지 않았다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>민수는 \u003Cstrong>서울에서만\u003C\u002Fstrong> 일한다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>장소\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>다른 장소에서는 일하지 않는다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>민수는 서울에서 \u003Cstrong>주말에만\u003C\u002Fstrong> 일한다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>시간\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>서울에서도 주말로 시간을 제한한다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>긴 문장에서는 초점 조사와 관련된 서술어가 멀어질 수 있습니다. 여러 해석이 가능하면 초점 성분을 서술어 가까이에 놓거나 문장을 나누세요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-4\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>부정과 만나면 의미가 더 섬세해져요\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>부정 표현의 범위에 따라 전체 부정과 부분 부정이 달라집니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>책을 읽지 않았다.\u003C\u002Fcode> → 읽는 행동 전체를 부정합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>책을 **다 읽지는 않았다**.\u003C\u002Fcode> → 일부는 읽었을 수 있지만 완독은 부정합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>그 제안이 **좋기만 하지는 않다**.\u003C\u002Fcode> → 장점은 있지만 단점도 있다고 암시합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>민수만 오지 않았다.\u003C\u002Fcode> → 다른 사람은 왔지만 민수는 오지 않았다는 해석이 자연스럽습니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ccode>다\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>항상\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>완전히\u003C\u002Fcode> 같은 말에 \u003Ccode>-은\u002F는\u003C\u002Fcode>을 붙이고 뒤에서 부정하면 \u003Cstrong>그 범위 전체만 부정\u003C\u002Fstrong>하는 부분 부정이 자주 나타납니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>\u003Ccode>모두가 동의한 것은 아니다\u003C\u002Fcode>는 “아무도 동의하지 않았다”가 아니라 “동의하지 않은 사람도 있다”라는 뜻입니다. 부분 부정을 전체 부정으로 읽지 않도록 초점이 놓인 표현을 확인하세요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-5\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">6.\u003C\u002Fspan>비교를 명시하면 오해를 줄일 수 있어요\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>암묵적 비교가 평가나 비판으로 들릴 가능성이 있으면 비교 대상을 직접 밝히는 편이 좋습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>지난 모델에 **비해** 가격은 싸지만 무게는 늘었습니다.\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>오전 회의와 **달리** 오후 회의는 온라인으로 진행합니다.\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>속도는 빠른 **반면**, 정확도는 조금 낮습니다.\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>적어도 일정**만은** 지켜야 합니다.\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cp>말할 때는 강세도 초점을 바꿉니다. \u003Ccode>민수가 보고서를 제출했어요\u003C\u002Fcode>에서 \u003Cstrong>민수가\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>보고서를\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>제출했어요\u003C\u002Fstrong> 중 어디를 세게 말하는지에 따라 교정하려는 정보가 달라질 수 있습니다. 글에서는 억양이 보이지 않으므로 조사와 명시적 비교 표현이 더 중요합니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-6\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">7.\u003C\u002Fspan>핵심 정리\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>대조 초점은 특정 성분을 가능한 대안들과 비교하게 합니다. \u003Ccode>-은\u002F는\u003C\u002Fcode>은 대조를 암시하지만 다른 대안을 바로 부정하지 않고, \u003Ccode>-만·-도·-까지\u003C\u002Fcode>는 각각 제외·추가·예상 밖의 포함을 나타냅니다. 조사 위치와 부정 범위를 확인하고, 중요한 평가에서는 \u003Ccode>-에 비해\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>-와 달리\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>반면\u003C\u002Fcode>으로 비교 기준을 밝혀야 의미가 정확해집니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",[1343,1347,1351,1355,1359,1363,1367],{"id":1344,"text":1345,"depth":16,"number":1346},"section","말하지 않은 대안을 떠올리게 하는 초점","1",{"id":1348,"text":1349,"depth":16,"number":1350},"-","'-은\u002F는'이 만드는 대조","2",{"id":1352,"text":1353,"depth":16,"number":1354},"section-2","보조사마다 설정하는 대안이 달라요","3",{"id":1356,"text":1357,"depth":16,"number":1358},"section-3","조사 위치가 초점의 범위를 정해요","4",{"id":1360,"text":1361,"depth":16,"number":1362},"section-4","부정과 만나면 의미가 더 섬세해져요","5",{"id":1364,"text":1365,"depth":16,"number":1366},"section-5","비교를 명시하면 오해를 줄일 수 있어요","6",{"id":1368,"text":1369,"depth":16,"number":1370},"section-6","핵심 정리","7"]