[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-page-ko-digeut-bulgyuchik-hwaryong":3,"grammar-exercises-by-page-01a07863-d7ef-7dec-a7d1-93eb24e9d8ee":215,"exercise-list-path-ko-none":239},{"id":4,"title":5,"slug":6,"seoDescription":7,"content":8,"language":9,"level":10,"displayOrder":11,"grammarTopics":12,"createdAt":19,"updatedAt":20,"vocabularyLists":21,"primaryTopicHub":212,"readyImages":214},"01a07863-d7ef-7dec-a7d1-93eb24e9d8ee","'ㄷ' 불규칙 활용","digeut-bulgyuchik-hwaryong","한국어 ㄷ 불규칙 용언이 모음으로 시작하는 어미 앞에서 ㄷ을 ㄹ로 바꾸는 규칙을 익힙니다. 듣다, 걷다, 묻다, 싣다를 들어요, 걸어요, 물어요, 실어요로 활용하고, 받다, 닫다처럼 ㄷ이 바뀌지 않는 규칙 용언과 어미의 첫소리를 보며 직접 비교합니다.","일부 ㄷ 받침 용언은 모음으로 시작하는 어미를 만나면 어간 끝의 **ㄷ이 ㄹ로 바뀝니다**. 이것을 ㄷ 불규칙 활용이라고 합니다.\n\n모든 ㄷ 받침 용언이 바뀌는 것은 아니므로, 불규칙 용언과 규칙 용언을 함께 익혀야 합니다.\n\n## 1. ㄷ이 ㄹ로 바뀌는 자리\n\n어간이 ㄷ으로 끝나고 뒤의 어미가 모음으로 시작하면, 일부 용언의 ㄷ이 ㄹ로 바뀝니다.\n\n| 기본형 | 어간과 어미 | 변화 | 활용형 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 듣다 | 듣- + -어요 | ㄷ → ㄹ | **들어요** |\n| 걷다 | 걷- + -어요 | ㄷ → ㄹ | **걸어요** |\n| 묻다 | 묻- + -어요 | ㄷ → ㄹ | **물어요** |\n| 싣다 | 싣- + -어요 | ㄷ → ㄹ | **실어요** |\n| 깨닫다 | 깨닫- + -아요 | ㄷ → ㄹ | **깨달아요** |\n\n:::example\n**듣다 → 듣- + -어요 → 들- + -어요 → 들어요**\n\n어미 **-어요**가 모음 ㅓ로 시작하므로 어간 끝 ㄷ이 ㄹ로 바뀝니다.\n:::\n\n## 2. 모음 어미와 자음 어미\n\n뒤의 어미가 자음으로 시작하면 ㄷ은 바뀌지 않습니다.\n\n| 어미의 시작 | 듣다 | 걷다 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 모음: -어요 | **들어요** | **걸어요** |\n| 모음: -으세요 | **들으세요** | **걸으세요** |\n| 자음: -고 | **듣고** | **걷고** |\n| 자음: -지만 | **듣지만** | **걷지만** |\n| 자음: -습니다 | **듣습니다** | **걷습니다** |\n\n:::tip\n기본형의 ㄷ만 보고 바로 바꾸지 마세요. 먼저 뒤 어미의 첫소리가 모음인지 자음인지 확인하세요.\n:::\n\n## 3. 자주 쓰는 ㄷ 불규칙 용언\n\n- **듣다 → 들어요**: 음악을 들어요.\n- **걷다 → 걸어요**: 공원에서 걸어요.\n- **묻다 → 물어요**: 선생님께 물어요.\n- **싣다 → 실어요**: 차에 짐을 실어요.\n- **깨닫다 → 깨달아요**: 중요한 것을 깨달아요.\n\n:::note\n**묻다**가 “질문하다”라는 뜻이면 불규칙으로 활용하여 **물어요**가 됩니다. “땅에 넣다”라는 뜻의 묻다는 규칙 활용하여 **묻어요**가 됩니다.\n:::\n\n## 4. 바뀌지 않는 규칙 용언\n\n받다, 닫다, 믿다, 얻다 같은 용언은 모음 어미 앞에서도 ㄷ을 그대로 유지합니다.\n\n| 기본형 | 잘못된 형태 | 올바른 형태 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 받다 | *발아요* | **받아요** |\n| 닫다 | *달아요* | **닫아요** |\n| 믿다 | *밀어요* | **믿어요** |\n| 얻다 | *얼어요* | **얻어요** |\n| 쏟다 | *쏠아요* | **쏟아요** |\n\n:::warning\nㄷ 받침이라는 이유만으로 모두 ㄹ로 바꾸면 안 됩니다. **문을 닫아요**를 *문을 달아요*라고 하면 다른 뜻처럼 들릴 수 있습니다.\n:::\n\n## 5. 문장에서 비교하기\n\n:::example\n- 저는 매일 음악을 **들어요**. \u002F 음악을 **듣고** 쉬어요.\n- 공원에서 한 시간 **걸어요**. \u002F 천천히 **걷습니다**.\n- 모르는 단어를 선생님께 **물어요**. \u002F 단어의 뜻을 **묻고** 답을 들어요.\n- 택배 기사가 차에 상자를 **실어요**. \u002F 상자를 **싣습니다**.\n:::\n\n같은 용언도 어미의 첫소리에 따라 ㄷ과 ㄹ이 번갈아 나타납니다. 기본형을 함께 기억하면 두 형태가 같은 단어라는 것을 알 수 있습니다.\n\n## 6. 활용 순서 정리\n\n1. 기본형에서 -다를 떼고 어간이 ㄷ으로 끝나는지 봅니다.\n2. 그 용언이 ㄷ 불규칙인지 확인합니다.\n3. 뒤 어미가 모음으로 시작하면 ㄷ을 ㄹ로 바꿉니다.\n4. 자음으로 시작하면 ㄷ을 그대로 둡니다.\n5. 규칙 용언이면 모음 앞에서도 ㄷ을 바꾸지 않습니다.\n\n| 조건 | 결과 | 예 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 불규칙 어간 + 모음 어미 | ㄷ → ㄹ | 듣다 → 들어요 |\n| 불규칙 어간 + 자음 어미 | ㄷ 유지 | 듣다 → 듣고 |\n| 규칙 어간 + 모든 어미 | ㄷ 유지 | 닫다 → 닫아요 |\n\n새로운 ㄷ 받침 용언을 배울 때는 **기본형과 -아요\u002F어요 형태를 한 쌍으로** 기록하면 규칙 여부를 쉽게 기억할 수 있습니다.","ko","A2",45,[13],{"id":14,"name":15,"level":10,"language":9,"isCompleted":16,"completionPercentage":17,"totalExercises":18,"completedExercises":17},"01a09c0b-585a-7cfa-8ca4-d2e07eeb4624","기본 불규칙 활용",false,0,10,"2026-09-06T20:23:24+00:00","2026-10-11T12:53:37+00:00",[22],{"id":23,"title":24,"vocabularyListWords":25,"isPublished":38},"01a07865-2b6b-740b-af46-213ea75ac58f","ㄷ 불규칙 용언과 규칙 용언",[26,41,55,69,82,96,109,121,134,146,156,167,179,190,201],{"id":27,"vocabularyWord":28,"displayOrder":39},"01a07865-2b6b-747b-af46-213ea774e4c8",{"id":29,"word":30,"frequency":18,"level":31,"language":9,"audioFilePath":32,"partsOfSpeech":33,"audio":38,"audioUrl":40},"01a07864-21df-707e-9ff2-04c0bfe7a812","아요\u002F어요","A1","tts_6cfb26a8473b5686_ko-KR.mp3",[34],{"id":35,"partOfSpeech":36,"definition":37,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-2217-7819-a609-828f52f90e4d","PHRASE","",true,1,"\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_6cfb26a8473b5686_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":42,"vocabularyWord":43,"displayOrder":54},"01a07865-2b6b-74db-af46-213ea7863b35",{"id":44,"word":45,"frequency":18,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":46,"partsOfSpeech":47,"audio":38,"audioUrl":53},"01a07864-23c4-7912-9dc4-35226f8addfd","듣다","tts_f18ba59c5e883c5b_ko-KR.mp3",[48],{"id":49,"partOfSpeech":50,"definition":51,"exampleSentences":52,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-23e7-786a-b488-6f1a52f14a68","VERB","귀로 소리나 말을 받아들이다.","출근길에 한국어 뉴스를 들어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_f18ba59c5e883c5b_ko-KR.mp3",2,{"id":56,"vocabularyWord":57,"displayOrder":68},"01a07865-2b6b-7507-af46-213ea83f49f8",{"id":58,"word":59,"frequency":60,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":61,"partsOfSpeech":62,"audio":38,"audioUrl":67},"01a07864-23ca-735f-8f04-de224175b79b","걷다",9,"tts_7743be863edefc42_ko-KR.mp3",[63],{"id":64,"partOfSpeech":50,"definition":65,"exampleSentences":66,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-23e8-70c7-a7b1-1cdb35f0f284","두 발을 번갈아 움직여 앞으로 나아가다.","날씨가 좋아서 강가를 천천히 걸었어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_7743be863edefc42_ko-KR.mp3",3,{"id":70,"vocabularyWord":71,"displayOrder":81},"01a07865-2b6b-752b-af46-213ea9254c81",{"id":72,"word":73,"frequency":60,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":74,"partsOfSpeech":75,"audio":38,"audioUrl":80},"01a07864-23e0-7f59-98b8-6d7b043f0235","묻다","tts_d8c9d4b14dc50926_ko-KR.mp3",[76],{"id":77,"partOfSpeech":50,"definition":78,"exampleSentences":79,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-23ea-74c0-8e6f-b174c9d61a1c","모르는 것을 알기 위해 질문하다.","길을 몰라서 경찰관에게 물었어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_d8c9d4b14dc50926_ko-KR.mp3",4,{"id":83,"vocabularyWord":84,"displayOrder":95},"01a07865-2b6b-754b-af46-213ea9fc8fb1",{"id":85,"word":86,"frequency":87,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":88,"partsOfSpeech":89,"audio":38,"audioUrl":94},"01a07864-2433-751e-80cd-d8c5df28bf74","싣다",7,"tts_12ea7c1c0cb735d8_ko-KR.mp3",[90],{"id":91,"partOfSpeech":50,"definition":92,"exampleSentences":93,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-2472-767c-82d6-0a282072305e","물건이나 사람을 탈것에 올려 놓다.","이삿짐을 트럭에 실었어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_12ea7c1c0cb735d8_ko-KR.mp3",5,{"id":97,"vocabularyWord":98,"displayOrder":108},"01a07865-2b6b-756b-af46-213eaace9232",{"id":99,"word":100,"frequency":87,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":101,"partsOfSpeech":102,"audio":38,"audioUrl":107},"01a07864-23db-7066-8bfb-b60ea4bc3488","깨닫다","tts_9b937857f9da3e72_ko-KR.mp3",[103],{"id":104,"partOfSpeech":50,"definition":105,"exampleSentences":106,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-23e9-7a30-aaaf-bbe0bd78b085","모르고 있던 사실이나 의미를 분명히 알게 되다.","실수한 뒤에 준비의 중요성을 깨달았어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_9b937857f9da3e72_ko-KR.mp3",6,{"id":110,"vocabularyWord":111,"displayOrder":87},"01a07865-2b6b-7587-af46-213eabc6cf3e",{"id":112,"word":113,"frequency":18,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":114,"partsOfSpeech":115,"audio":38,"audioUrl":120},"01a07864-23be-77cd-bdec-cde479b13899","받다","tts_7e5e10756ebddaa0_ko-KR.mp3",[116],{"id":117,"partOfSpeech":50,"definition":118,"exampleSentences":119,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-23e6-7e89-a50a-d106389d4803","다른 사람이 주거나 보내는 것을 가지다.","생일에 친구에게 선물을 받았어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_7e5e10756ebddaa0_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":122,"vocabularyWord":123,"displayOrder":133},"01a07865-2b6b-75a7-af46-213eabda2671",{"id":124,"word":125,"frequency":60,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":126,"partsOfSpeech":127,"audio":38,"audioUrl":132},"01a07864-23c2-7519-85fe-85cfc8e19c60","닫다","tts_36146d87fa2ce452_ko-KR.mp3",[128],{"id":129,"partOfSpeech":50,"definition":130,"exampleSentences":131,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-23e7-7502-b488-6f1a505ed345","열려 있는 문이나 창문을 움직여 막다.","나가기 전에 창문을 닫았어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_36146d87fa2ce452_ko-KR.mp3",8,{"id":135,"vocabularyWord":136,"displayOrder":60},"01a07865-2b6b-75c3-af46-213eabfa59ee",{"id":137,"word":138,"frequency":60,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":139,"partsOfSpeech":140,"audio":38,"audioUrl":145},"01a07864-23de-7ee7-a12a-57dbe6ec0c7d","믿다","tts_a92227c6f178589e_ko-KR.mp3",[141],{"id":142,"partOfSpeech":50,"definition":143,"exampleSentences":144,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-23ea-7154-8e6f-b174c84ffa69","어떤 사람이나 말이 참되고 의지할 만하다고 생각하다.","저는 오래 함께 일한 동료를 믿어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_a92227c6f178589e_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":147,"vocabularyWord":148,"displayOrder":18},"01a07865-2b6b-75e3-af46-213eacb9bc70",{"id":149,"word":150,"frequency":133,"level":31,"language":9,"audioFilePath":151,"partsOfSpeech":152,"audio":38,"audioUrl":155},"01a07864-23a8-7c85-a8c6-49f0047d9068","얻다","tts_231c288217e9b9d8_ko-KR.mp3",[153],{"id":154,"partOfSpeech":50,"definition":37,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-23e4-7d60-9895-60767939a01f","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_231c288217e9b9d8_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":157,"vocabularyWord":158,"displayOrder":166},"01a07865-2b6b-7603-af46-213ead0f7277",{"id":159,"word":160,"frequency":87,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":161,"partsOfSpeech":162,"audio":38,"audioUrl":165},"01a07864-23a4-7dd2-956c-7e7403053b2c","쏟다","tts_57131ef790e154de_ko-KR.mp3",[163],{"id":164,"partOfSpeech":50,"definition":37,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-23e4-77ac-9895-607675f49d0f","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_57131ef790e154de_ko-KR.mp3",11,{"id":168,"vocabularyWord":169,"displayOrder":178},"01a07865-2b6b-7623-af46-213ead5b7fb5",{"id":170,"word":171,"frequency":18,"level":31,"language":9,"audioFilePath":172,"partsOfSpeech":173,"audio":38,"audioUrl":177},"01a07864-23ce-72d5-afad-fdce81be8d8d","고","tts_b461f7c6355b3fcb_ko-KR.mp3",[174],{"id":175,"partOfSpeech":176,"definition":37,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-23e8-7683-a7b1-1cdb384687e1","PARTICLE","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_b461f7c6355b3fcb_ko-KR.mp3",12,{"id":180,"vocabularyWord":181,"displayOrder":189},"01a07865-2b6b-763f-af46-213eadeb90ad",{"id":182,"word":183,"frequency":18,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":184,"partsOfSpeech":185,"audio":38,"audioUrl":188},"01a07864-21f9-7739-a60e-aaae27bd54fc","지만","tts_2606d2fe3d277003_ko-KR.mp3",[186],{"id":187,"partOfSpeech":176,"definition":37,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-221b-717b-bf05-2038fed24b98","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_2606d2fe3d277003_ko-KR.mp3",13,{"id":191,"vocabularyWord":192,"displayOrder":200},"01a07865-2b6b-765f-af46-213eaedb5fd0",{"id":193,"word":194,"frequency":18,"level":31,"language":9,"audioFilePath":195,"partsOfSpeech":196,"audio":38,"audioUrl":199},"01a07864-244b-7e7c-97ec-9c80ec92243f","습니다","tts_c30dbcfe4e8245d1_ko-KR.mp3",[197],{"id":198,"partOfSpeech":176,"definition":37,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-2475-7055-b0d0-2073f7d69f29","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_c30dbcfe4e8245d1_ko-KR.mp3",14,{"id":202,"vocabularyWord":203,"displayOrder":211},"01a07865-2b6b-767b-af46-213eaf1f76ec",{"id":204,"word":205,"frequency":87,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":206,"partsOfSpeech":207,"audio":38,"audioUrl":210},"01a07864-2310-791f-a052-568a151ba565","으세요","tts_1dd7bf2ba522f374_ko-KR.mp3",[208],{"id":209,"partOfSpeech":36,"definition":37,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-2357-7134-bb1d-8b8c7391dc6f","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_1dd7bf2ba522f374_ko-KR.mp3",15,{"name":15,"slug":213,"language":9},"basic-irregular-conjugation-a2",[],[216,225,232],{"@id":217,"@type":218,"id":219,"grammarPage":220,"title":221,"instructions":222,"displayOrder":17,"type":223,"questionCount":189,"blankCount":189,"isCompleted":16,"ogImageUrl":224},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07863-e975-7778-a31d-270ee7d45703","GrammarExercise","01a07863-e975-7778-a31d-270ee7d45703","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a07863-d7ef-7dec-a7d1-93eb24e9d8ee","모음 어미와 자음 어미","기본형과 어미의 첫소리를 보고 알맞은 활용형이나 규칙을 고르세요.","word_select","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_895f4dd7-6b0d-47fd-85c1-dec5f5778b5f_hero.webp?v=1788726208",{"@id":226,"@type":218,"id":227,"grammarPage":220,"title":228,"instructions":229,"displayOrder":39,"type":223,"questionCount":189,"blankCount":230,"isCompleted":16,"ogImageUrl":231},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07863-e98e-7001-b8fc-84d8dd3b4ff3","01a07863-e98e-7001-b8fc-84d8dd3b4ff3","규칙 용언과 의미 비교","용언의 규칙 여부와 문장의 뜻을 보고 알맞은 활용형을 고르세요. 두 칸이 있으면 모두 고르세요.",16,"\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_31164aa8-fae0-4b4f-867a-41fd092959fe_hero.webp?v=1788726208",{"@id":233,"@type":218,"id":234,"grammarPage":220,"title":235,"instructions":236,"displayOrder":54,"type":237,"questionCount":81,"blankCount":17,"isCompleted":16,"ogImageUrl":238},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a0e1ac-77d0-795c-a9ff-ba96e59b32b0","01a0e1ac-77d0-795c-a9ff-ba96e59b32b0","When Does ㄷ Change to ㄹ?","Tap each tile, then tap its column. Use the ending and meaning specified in each prompt.","word_sort","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_ffb8c67b-de66-43cc-9553-c082e51b5dec_hero.webp?v=1790492571",null]