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정보 초점","eosun-idong-gwa-jeongbo-chojeom",165,{"id":836,"title":837,"slug":838,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":839},"01a07863-dab5-740e-83b8-33f381df3c93","조사 결합과 의미 범위","josa-gyeolhap-gwa-uimi-beomwi",166,{"id":841,"title":842,"slug":843,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":844},"01a07863-d717-7c49-836e-9cd2147ab799","보조사 '-조차·-마저·-까지도'","bojosa-jocha-majeo-kkajido",167,{"id":846,"title":847,"slug":848,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":849},"01a07863-d987-7c0b-91c8-c3837f99a60f","하오체의 형태와 사용 맥락","haoche-ui-hyeongtae-wa-maengnak",168,{"id":851,"title":852,"slug":853,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":854},"01a07863-d94e-7f7d-bd36-aea815da0959","하게체의 형태와 사용 맥락","hageche-ui-hyeongtae-wa-maengnak",169,{"id":856,"title":857,"slug":858,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":859},"01a07863-d858-74ca-b8ff-d9b13d4b0e74","간접 부탁과 완곡한 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태도","inyong-dongsa-ui-seontaek",195,{"id":987,"title":988,"slug":989,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":990},"01a07863-d70b-7796-861c-b6fde39f3320","비인칭 피동과 책임 회피","biinching-pidong-gwa-chaegim-hoepi",196,{"id":992,"title":993,"slug":994,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":995},"01a07863-dbfe-7715-a73d-d97b70250059","사동 구문과 책임의 범위","sadong-gumun-gwa-chaegim-beomwi",197,{"id":997,"title":998,"slug":999,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1000},"01a07863-dba0-7c89-90d4-2eef83532006","높임 표현의 충돌과 우선순위","nopim-pyohyeon-ui-chungdol",198,{"id":1002,"title":1003,"slug":1004,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1005},"01a07863-db20-75e4-9e91-1851bedaec66","말하기 등급의 전환과 관계 재조정","malhagi-deunggeup-ui-jeonhwan",199,{"id":1007,"title":1008,"slug":1009,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1010},"01a07863-dcba-7864-9960-b92f40934922","완곡어법과 체면 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차이","jeongdoseong-geukdanseong-ui-chai",215,{"id":1087,"title":1088,"slug":1089,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1091},"01a07863-d96c-7023-bb30-3a3d8f787aa2","한글 맞춤법의 역사적 변화","hangeul-matchumbeop-ui-yeoksajeok-byeonhwa","C2",216,{"id":1093,"title":1094,"slug":1095,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1096},"01a07863-db03-771f-a039-b9257e399114","중세 한국어 문법의 현대 한국어 흔적","jungse-hangugeo-munbeop-ui-heunjeok",217,{"id":1098,"title":1099,"slug":1100,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1101},"01a07863-da9b-74e0-aa05-b70e5e015c3d","지역·세대·사용역에 따른 발음 변이","jiyeok-sedae-sayongyeok-bareum-byeoni",218,{"id":1103,"title":1104,"slug":1105,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1106},"01a07863-d8dd-7b49-bcf9-020299f60a53","고전 문헌의 말하기 등급","gojeon-munheon-ui-malhagi-deunggeup",219,{"id":1108,"title":1109,"slug":1110,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1111},"01a07863-d8e4-7f0a-9847-6e75a50aa53d","고전적 높임 표현과 현대의 잔존형","gojeonjeok-nopim-pyohyeon",220,{"id":1113,"title":1114,"slug":1115,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1116},"01a07863-d6d4-7878-ad37-a4982f125903","방언의 말하기 등급과 사회적 의미","bangeon-ui-malhagi-deunggeup",221,{"id":1118,"title":1119,"slug":1120,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1121},"01a07863-d80d-7c71-85f6-c3236a70cc6b","언어 형식의 사회적 지표성","eoneo-hyeongsik-ui-sahoejeok-jipyoseong",222,{"id":1123,"title":1124,"slug":1125,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1126},"01a07863-d737-779b-ad54-78d521a176d0","복합 사용역과 문체 혼합","bokhap-sayongyeok-gwa-munche-honhap",223,{"id":1128,"title":1129,"slug":1130,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1131},"01a07863-da4d-7c0e-aee9-47ad0c32ab41","전달 정보의 증거성과 화자 개입","jeondal-jeongbo-jeunggeoseong-hwaja-gaeip",224,{"id":1133,"title":1134,"slug":1135,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1136},"01a07863-d9f3-784c-8444-b4e48a91a5f4","인식·당위·능력 양태의 중첩","insik-dangwi-neungnyeok-yangtae-jungcheop",225,{"id":1138,"title":1139,"slug":1140,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1141},"01a07863-d87d-7421-a10d-016685c3019e","극도로 중첩된 종속 구조","geukdoro-jungcheopdoen-jongsok-gujo",226,{"id":1143,"title":1144,"slug":1145,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1146},"01a07863-db6c-76c8-9d8d-1bf0ff302356","명사구 내부의 다중 수식 범위","myeongsagu-naebu-dajung-susik-beomwi",227,{"id":1148,"title":1149,"slug":1150,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1151},"01a07863-d7a7-7713-b582-4635b340fb8c","다층 인용과 발화 책임","dachung-inyong-gwa-balhwa-chaegim",228,{"id":1153,"title":1154,"slug":1155,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1156},"01a07863-dc93-7bf7-baaf-646f405d0a93","통사적 중의성과 구조 해석","tongsajeok-junguiseong-gujo-haeseok",229,{"id":1158,"title":1159,"slug":1160,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1161},"01a07863-d747-7d02-9170-02c9242f260d","부정의 범위와 중의성","bujeong-ui-beomwi-wa-junguiseong",230,{"id":1163,"title":1164,"slug":1165,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1166},"01a07863-dc82-74cf-aed9-03ef012ba1ae","수량사의 작용역과 범위","suryangsa-ui-jagyongyeok-gwa-beomwi",231,{"id":1168,"title":1169,"slug":1170,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1171},"01a07863-d7c0-7033-8973-1acd78835224","다중 주제 구조와 화제 계층","dajung-juje-gujo-hwaje-gyecheung",232,{"id":1173,"title":1174,"slug":1175,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1176},"01a07863-db0f-7d14-b181-22045286272f","좌측·우측 전위와 담화 기능","jwacheuk-ucheuk-jeonwi",233,{"id":1178,"title":1179,"slug":1180,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1181},"01a07863-d75d-772e-9d3e-5b6275433f2d","분열문과 초점 구조","bunyeolmun-gwa-chojeom-gujo",234,{"id":1183,"title":1184,"slug":1185,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1186},"01a07863-dc88-7813-ac0c-b5506052d4fc","수사적 생략과 여백의 효과","susajeok-saengnyak-gwa-yeobaek",235,{"id":1188,"title":1189,"slug":1190,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1191},"01a07863-dc1b-7dc0-832f-4f108853f305","상호 텍스트성과 변형 인용","sangho-tekseuteuseong-byeonhyeong-inyong",236,{"id":1193,"title":1194,"slug":1195,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1196},"01a07863-d979-798b-b0e1-1f25c0511cbb","한자어 중심 문체의 압축성","hanjaeo-jungsim-munche-ui-apchukseong",237,{"id":1198,"title":1199,"slug":1200,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1201},"01a07863-d6ec-7d59-96d2-3ffd339ca6c2","법률·행정 문체의 문법","beomnyul-haengjeong-munche-ui-munbeop",238,{"id":1203,"title":1204,"slug":1205,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1206},"01a07863-d95e-724f-aebc-136eef75e32d","학술 문체의 고도 명사화","haksul-munche-ui-godo-myeongsahwa",239,{"id":1208,"title":1209,"slug":1210,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1211},"01a07863-db4f-75fe-832e-52c746aeace4","문학 서사의 시점과 화자","munhak-seosa-ui-sijeom-gwa-hwaja",240,{"id":1213,"title":1214,"slug":1215,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1216},"01a07863-da34-7109-a69e-dcc4f425ced7","자유 간접 화법과 의식의 표현","jayu-ganjeop-hwabeop",241,{"id":1218,"title":1219,"slug":1220,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1221},"01a07863-dc71-7158-bad9-cc4b5c91a482","속담·관용구의 변형과 재맥락화","sokdam-gwanyonggu-byeonhyeong",242,{"id":1223,"title":1224,"slug":1225,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1226},"01a07863-dcb3-7256-be14-3efead0203a1","의성어·의태어의 파생과 활용","uiseongeo-uitaeeo-pasaeng-hwaryong",243,{"id":1228,"title":1229,"slug":1230,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1231},"01a07863-dc69-7a26-9a3b-aaffc3c91e21","신조어의 파생 문법과 확장","sinjoeo-ui-pasaeng-munbeop",244,{"id":1233,"title":1234,"slug":1235,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1236},"01a07863-db09-7a45-a9a7-3b2525079877","중의성과 응집성을 다듬는 고급 퇴고","junguiseong-eungjipseong-gogeup-toego",245,{"id":942,"title":943,"slug":944,"seoDescription":1238,"content":1239,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":945,"grammarTopics":1240,"createdAt":1246,"updatedAt":1247,"vocabularyLists":1248,"primaryTopicHub":1537,"readyImages":1539},"기대와 현실의 괴리를 나타내는 ‘-건만’의 결합 형태와 전제·기대·반대 결과의 구조를 익히고, ‘-지만’, ‘-(으)나’, ‘-는데도’와의 의미·격식·감정 차이, 문학적 서술과 논증에서 아쉬움이나 비판을 정교하게 조절하는 방법을 C1 수준에서 배운다.","**-건만**은 두 사실이 단순히 다르다는 것을 넘어, 앞의 사태로부터 자연스럽게 기대되는 결과가 실제로는 일어나지 않았음을 나타낸다. 이 괴리에는 화자의 아쉬움, 안타까움, 비판이나 반전의 느낌이 자주 따른다.\n\n이 글을 읽고 나면 다음을 할 수 있다.\n\n- **P-건만 Q**에 숨은 기대와 실제 결과의 관계를 분석할 수 있다.\n- 용언, **-으시-**, **-었-**, **-겠-**, **이다**에 **-건만**을 정확히 결합할 수 있다.\n- **-지만**, **-(으)나**, **-는데도**와의 문체·태도 차이를 판단할 수 있다.\n\n## 1. 전제, 기대, 실제 결과\n\n**P-건만 Q**는 다음 세 단계로 이해할 수 있다.\n\n1. **전제 P:** 이미 성립한 사실이나 상태를 제시한다.\n2. **예상된 결과 R:** P라면 보통 R이라고 기대한다.\n3. **실제 결과 Q:** 그러나 R과 다른 Q가 일어난다.\n\n| 표면 문장 | 숨은 기대 | 실제 결과 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 준비를 철저히 했**건만** 발표는 예정대로 흘러가지 않았다. | 철저히 준비하면 발표가 순조롭다. | 발표가 예정과 달랐다. |\n| 봄이**건만** 산정에는 눈이 남아 있었다. | 봄이면 눈이 녹는다. | 눈이 남아 있었다. |\n| 그는 사정을 잘 알**건만** 마지막까지 침묵했다. | 사정을 알면 설명하거나 돕는다. | 아무 말도 하지 않았다. |\n\n:::note\n숨은 기대는 자연 법칙이나 사회적 규범에서 올 수도 있고, 앞선 문맥에서 형성될 수도 있다. 독자가 그 기대를 복원할 수 없다면 **-건만**의 반전도 설득력을 잃는다.\n:::\n\n## 2. 결합 형태와 시제·높임·추측\n\n**-건만**은 **-건마는**의 준말이다. **-건마는**은 **-건만**보다 예스럽고 문학적인 느낌이 더 강하다. 예를 들어 “그는 모든 사실을 알건마는 끝내 침묵했다.”처럼 쓸 수 있다. 동사와 형용사, **이다**의 어간에 붙고, 선어말 어미 **-으시-**, **-었-**, **-겠-** 뒤에도 붙을 수 있다.\n\n| 유형 | 결합 | 예 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 동사 | 알- + -건만 | 모든 사실을 **알건만** 모르는 척했다. |\n| 형용사 | 바쁘- + -건만 | 밥 먹을 새도 없이 **바쁘건만** 가족에게 전화했다. |\n| 과거 | 말리- + -었- + -건만 | 그렇게 **말렸건만** 그는 떠났다. |\n| 높임 | 도와주- + -시- + -건만 | 선생님은 매번 **도와주시건만** 이번에는 연락이 없으셨다. |\n| 추측·의지 | -겠- + -건만 | 사정을 말하고 **싶겠건만** 지금은 때가 아니다. |\n| 명사 + 이다 | 기회이- + -건만 | 다시없을 **기회이건만** 아무도 지원하지 않았다. |\n\n:::tip\n받침 없는 체언 뒤에서는 **이다**의 **이-**가 생략될 수 있다. 따라서 **나라이건만**과 **나라건만**이 모두 가능하다. 다만 한 문서에서는 선택한 형태를 일관되게 쓴다.\n\n**돕다**처럼 ㅂ 불규칙이 적용되는 용언에 **-으시-**가 붙으면 **-우시-**로 실현되어 **도우시건만**이 된다. 반면 **도와주시건만**은 **도와주다**에 **-시-**가 결합한 형태이다.\n:::\n\n## 3. 기대가 생기는 세 가지 근거\n\n앞절 P와 뒷절 Q 사이의 괴리를 정확히 쓰려면, 무엇이 반대 결과를 예상하게 했는지 확인해야 한다.\n\n- **일반적 인과관계:** 충분히 연습했건만 실전에서는 제 실력을 내지 못했다.\n- **사회적 역할과 규범:** 중재자이건만 오히려 갈등을 키웠다.\n- **화자의 의도나 소망:** 마음을 전하고 싶었건만 끝내 입을 열지 못했다.\n\n:::example\n**중립적 대조:** 자료는 풍부하지만 분석 범위는 제한적이다.\n\n**기대의 좌절:** 자료를 충분히 확보했**건만**, 결정적인 변수를 놓쳐 결론을 낼 수 없었다.\n\n두 번째 문장은 “자료가 충분하면 타당한 분석이 가능하다”는 기대가 깨졌음을 부각한다. 따라서 단순 정보 대조보다 아쉬움과 비판의 태도가 더 강하다.\n:::\n\n## 4. 비슷한 양보·대조 표현과의 차이\n\n| 표현 | 핵심 기능 | 문체와 태도 | 예 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **-지만** | 두 사실의 일반적 대조 | 널리 쓰이며 비교적 중립적임 | 방법은 간단하지만 시간이 오래 걸린다. |\n| **-(으)나** | 인정한 사실과 뒤 내용의 대조 | 격식적·문어적임 | 방법은 간단하나 시간이 오래 걸린다. |\n| **-는데도** | 조건이 성립했음에도 반대 결과가 나타남 | 구어와 문어 모두에서 자연스럽고 예상 어긋남을 부각함 | 여러 번 설명했는데도 같은 오류가 나타났다. |\n| **-건만** | 기대와 현실의 괴리 | 문어적이며 아쉬움·안타까움·비판이 쉽게 드러남 | 여러 번 설명했건만 그는 같은 실수를 반복했다. |\n\n:::warning\n**-건만**을 쓰면 화자가 어떤 결과를 기대했는지까지 암시한다. 중립적 사실 보고가 목적이라면 **-지만**이나 **-(으)나**를 선택해 불필요한 감정 평가를 줄인다.\n:::\n\n## 5. 문학적 서술과 논증의 효과\n\n**-건만**은 일상 대화보다 문학, 평론, 격식 있는 연설에서 더 자연스럽다. 앞절에 기대를 충분히 쌓은 뒤 뒷절에서 그것을 깨뜨림으로써 반전의 울림을 키운다.\n\n- **아쉬움:** 다시 만날 날이 멀지 않았건만, 그들은 마지막 인사를 나누지 못했다.\n- **비판:** 규정을 지켜야 할 기관이건만 스스로 원칙을 무너뜨렸다.\n- **아이러니:** 타인의 침묵을 질책하건만 그 역시 진실을 말하지 않았다.\n\n:::example\n그는 평생 바다를 연구한 사람이었다. 파도의 방향과 바람의 냄새만으로도 날씨를 읽었다. 세상 누구보다 바다를 잘 **알건만**, 정작 그날의 침묵은 알아차리지 못했다.\n\n마지막 문장은 “바다를 잘 알면 위험도 알아차린다”는 기대를 깨뜨리며, 인물의 지식과 실제 판단 사이의 아이러니를 만든다.\n:::\n\n## 6. 태도의 조절\n\n같은 사실도 어떤 연결 표현을 고르느냐에 따라 화자의 태도가 달라진다.\n\n| 표현 | 들리는 태도 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 그는 약속했**지만** 오지 않았다. | 두 사실을 비교적 담담하게 대조함 |\n| 그는 약속했**는데도** 오지 않았다. | 약속이 지켜지지 않은 의외성을 부각함 |\n| 그는 약속했**건만** 끝내 오지 않았다. | 기대의 좌절과 아쉬움을 문어적으로 드러냄 |\n\n논증문에서 **-건만**을 쓰려면 숨은 기대가 공유될 만한지 먼저 확인한다. 예를 들어 “예산이 늘었건만 성과는 줄었다”는 예산 증가가 성과 향상으로 이어질 것이라는 전제를 함께 제시할 때 더 설득력이 있다.\n\n## 7. 오류를 줄이는 최종 점검\n\n:::warning\n**-건만**은 의존 명사 **것**과 보조사 **만**이 결합한 “것만”과 다르다. 어미는 어간에 붙여 **알건만, 바쁘건만, 이었건만**처럼 쓴다.\n\n**-련만**은 앞으로 일어날 일에 대한 추측·의지·기대를 나타낸다. 선어말 어미 없이 쓰는 **-건만**은 주로 이미 성립한 사실과 현실의 어긋남을 드러내지만, **-겠건만**처럼 **-겠-**이 앞서면 추측이나 의지를 포함한 사태도 반전의 전제로 제시할 수 있다.\n\n**-구만\u002F-구먼**은 새롭게 깨달은 사실을 감탄하거나 확인하는 종결 표현이므로, 두 절을 연결해 기대의 좌절을 나타내는 **-건만**과 다르다.\n:::\n\n다음 질문으로 문장을 검토한다.\n\n- 앞절이 이미 성립한 사실이나 상태를 제시하는가?\n- 앞절로부터 자연스럽게 예상되는 결과를 독자가 알 수 있는가?\n- 뒷절은 그 기대를 실제로 깨뜨리는가?\n- 아쉬움·비판·반전의 태도가 문서의 목적과 문체에 어울리는가?\n- 태도를 줄여야 한다면 **-지만**이나 **-(으)나**로 바꿀 수 있는가?\n\n핵심은 단순하다. **P-건만 Q**는 “P라면 R이어야 한다”는 기대와 “그러나 실제는 Q이다”라는 결과 사이의 거리를 드러낸다. 형태만 맞는다고 완성되는 표현이 아니며, **기대의 근거와 화자의 태도**가 독자에게 명확해야 한다.",[1241],{"id":1242,"name":1243,"level":899,"language":9,"isCompleted":1244,"completionPercentage":1245,"totalExercises":66,"completedExercises":1245},"01a09c0b-58cd-70eb-92f2-c21caa273cfd","평가와 반전을 담는 연결 표현",false,0,"2026-09-06T20:23:24+00:00","2026-10-11T12:53:37+00:00",[1249],{"id":1250,"title":1251,"vocabularyListWords":1252,"isPublished":1265},"01a07865-2bd7-77f5-8769-df447266a74a","기대와 현실의 괴리를 나타내는 건만",[1253,1267,1279,1290,1300,1310,1322,1332,1344,1356,1366,1378,1390,1402,1412,1422,1432,1443,1453,1465,1477,1487,1497,1507,1517,1527],{"id":1254,"vocabularyWord":1255,"displayOrder":11},"01a07865-2bd7-785d-8769-df4473542d49",{"id":1256,"word":1257,"frequency":36,"level":899,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1258,"partsOfSpeech":1259,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1266},"01a07864-26d0-7378-8eb1-3f3724bccae8","건만","tts_054367de62f6c5a9_ko-KR.mp3",[1260],{"id":1261,"partOfSpeech":1262,"definition":1263,"exampleSentences":1264,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-26e0-74ef-937e-50715677b67a","PHRASE","앞의 사실을 인정하면서도 기대와 다른 결과를 이어 말하는 표현.","도와주겠다고 하건만 아직 소식이 없어요.",true,"\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_054367de62f6c5a9_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1268,"vocabularyWord":1269,"displayOrder":16},"01a07865-2bd7-7891-8769-df4474528e8a",{"id":1270,"word":1271,"frequency":11,"level":452,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1272,"partsOfSpeech":1273,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1278},"01a07864-268f-7c9b-892d-4d9effa7cfe2","건마는","tts_649b0b31b286881d_ko-KR.mp3",[1274],{"id":1275,"partOfSpeech":1276,"definition":1277,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-26da-78ac-a339-55cfa11fd445","NOUN","","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_649b0b31b286881d_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1280,"vocabularyWord":1281,"displayOrder":21},"01a07865-2bd7-78b5-8769-df447517a4d4",{"id":1282,"word":1283,"frequency":56,"level":211,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1284,"partsOfSpeech":1285,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1289},"01a07864-21f9-7739-a60e-aaae27bd54fc","지만","tts_2606d2fe3d277003_ko-KR.mp3",[1286],{"id":1287,"partOfSpeech":1288,"definition":1277,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-221b-717b-bf05-2038fed24b98","PARTICLE","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_2606d2fe3d277003_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1291,"vocabularyWord":1292,"displayOrder":26},"01a07865-2bd7-78d5-8769-df447549a06c",{"id":1293,"word":1294,"frequency":11,"level":452,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1295,"partsOfSpeech":1296,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1299},"01a07864-26b6-7b67-b7c2-51731ae6090c","으나","tts_6b82d2b3f5e393c5_ko-KR.mp3",[1297],{"id":1298,"partOfSpeech":1288,"definition":1277,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-26dd-7ccf-847b-a962563616d5","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_6b82d2b3f5e393c5_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1301,"vocabularyWord":1302,"displayOrder":31},"01a07865-2bd7-78f1-8769-df44755695dc",{"id":1303,"word":1304,"frequency":16,"level":452,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1305,"partsOfSpeech":1306,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1309},"01a07864-245d-7891-bc5b-d740c5228d65","는데도","tts_b9c7c17d66f0f392_ko-KR.mp3",[1307],{"id":1308,"partOfSpeech":1276,"definition":1277,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-2477-711a-a4a7-9220129a4fd3","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_b9c7c17d66f0f392_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1311,"vocabularyWord":1312,"displayOrder":36},"01a07865-2bd7-7911-8769-df4475fc2581",{"id":1313,"word":1314,"frequency":41,"level":899,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1315,"partsOfSpeech":1316,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1321},"01a07864-26d5-7305-8bb6-4b2ea6872d13","전제","tts_1a0d8c896f9b9a2f_ko-KR.mp3",[1317],{"id":1318,"partOfSpeech":1276,"definition":1319,"exampleSentences":1320,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-26e0-7cd7-937e-5071596ade2a","어떤 주장이나 추론이 성립하기 위해 먼저 받아들이는 조건.","이 결론은 자료가 정확하다는 전제에서 출발해요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_1a0d8c896f9b9a2f_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1323,"vocabularyWord":1324,"displayOrder":41},"01a07865-2bd7-793d-8769-df4476d1728c",{"id":1325,"word":1326,"frequency":46,"level":452,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1327,"partsOfSpeech":1328,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1331},"01a07864-257d-7c78-bc6c-5da80aa4d782","기대","tts_1cf1989e16fdef49_ko-KR.mp3",[1329],{"id":1330,"partOfSpeech":1288,"definition":1277,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-25ab-7d3d-a1f2-19b437248de1","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_1cf1989e16fdef49_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1333,"vocabularyWord":1334,"displayOrder":46},"01a07865-2bd7-7959-8769-df4476e8611d",{"id":1335,"word":1336,"frequency":51,"level":452,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1337,"partsOfSpeech":1338,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1343},"01a07864-2501-7713-bfe5-de30be77de74","예상","tts_6d3946adfb5fe8a1_ko-KR.mp3",[1339],{"id":1340,"partOfSpeech":1276,"definition":1341,"exampleSentences":1342,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-2511-7be0-9dba-9e72a5f6b66b","앞으로 일어날 일이나 결과를 미리 생각함.","예상보다 손님이 많이 와서 의자를 더 준비했어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_6d3946adfb5fe8a1_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1345,"vocabularyWord":1346,"displayOrder":51},"01a07865-2bd7-7975-8769-df4477619526",{"id":1347,"word":1348,"frequency":51,"level":452,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1349,"partsOfSpeech":1350,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1355},"01a07864-24df-75cb-ae66-e0b16aca6424","결과","tts_04a84be9efbd2320_ko-KR.mp3",[1351],{"id":1352,"partOfSpeech":1276,"definition":1353,"exampleSentences":1354,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-250e-737b-9263-08ecd153cefc","어떤 행동이나 과정 뒤에 나타난 일이나 상태.","실험 결과를 표로 정리했어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_04a84be9efbd2320_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1357,"vocabularyWord":1358,"displayOrder":56},"01a07865-2bd7-7995-8769-df44785b5376",{"id":1359,"word":1360,"frequency":16,"level":683,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1361,"partsOfSpeech":1362,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1365},"01a07864-2693-72f9-8546-23f6cba80d61","괴리","tts_800f9d68fdfc3ffb_ko-KR.mp3",[1363],{"id":1364,"partOfSpeech":1288,"definition":1277,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-26da-7d48-a339-55cfa2beb95e","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_800f9d68fdfc3ffb_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1367,"vocabularyWord":1368,"displayOrder":61},"01a07865-2bd7-79ad-8769-df4478ca22e6",{"id":1369,"word":1370,"frequency":51,"level":683,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1371,"partsOfSpeech":1372,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1377},"01a07864-2602-7230-92e6-2e7b734b83b3","대조","tts_829a168383e65db7_ko-KR.mp3",[1373],{"id":1374,"partOfSpeech":1276,"definition":1375,"exampleSentences":1376,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-2642-7729-9a68-d0871bf03c8b","둘 이상의 대상을 나란히 놓아 차이를 뚜렷하게 드러냄.","두 인물의 태도를 대조하면 갈등의 원인이 보인다.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_829a168383e65db7_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1379,"vocabularyWord":1380,"displayOrder":66},"01a07865-2bd7-79c9-8769-df4479aabafc",{"id":1381,"word":1382,"frequency":46,"level":683,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1383,"partsOfSpeech":1384,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1389},"01a07864-261a-7cab-ac86-10ff2a5644c0","양보","tts_999c43e0bd2bf0eb_ko-KR.mp3",[1385],{"id":1386,"partOfSpeech":1276,"definition":1387,"exampleSentences":1388,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-2645-7045-b486-7ed058dcc668","상대의 조건이나 주장을 일부 인정하면서도 자신의 결론을 유지하는 관계.","이 문장은 양보를 나타내는 연결 어미를 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실제가 어긋나는 여러 상황에서 연결 표현이 더하는 평가를 정교하게 선택하는 길입니다. 양보의 큰 체계를 먼저 세우고, 기대의 좌절·불행 회피·선택 비교의 특수 구문으로 확장합니다.",[1543,1544,1545],"사실적·가정적 양보와 척도 반전의 차이를 설명할 수 있다.","-건만과 -기에 망정이지의 기대·반사실 구조를 구별할 수 있다.","-느니가 나타내는 선택과 평가를 비슷한 표현과 비교할 수 있다.",[1547,1548],"-지만·-는데도 등 기본 대조·양보 연결 표현을 안다.","조건절과 반사실 결과의 기본 관계를 이해한다.",[1550,1565,1578,1591],{"id":952,"contentId":1551,"slug":954,"title":953,"level":899,"summary":1552,"order":11,"exercises":1553},"pg_cf24eac1-8be0-4e99-82ee-4ddda47c85a3","사실성·가정성·척도에 따라 고급 양보 표현의 반전 방향과 강도를 구별한다.",[1554,1558,1561],{"id":1555,"title":1556,"order":1245,"type":1557},"01a07863-ed0b-70d3-bc7e-66f10308f9d3","사실·가정·수사적 양보","word_select",{"id":1559,"title":1560,"order":11,"type":1557},"01a07863-ed21-7198-b540-51cb3667fb81","Scale reversal and futile attempts",{"id":1562,"title":1563,"order":16,"type":1564},"01a07863-ed3a-724b-b760-b458dcb1dbb3","Building concessive and reversal sentences","sentence_builder",{"id":942,"contentId":1566,"slug":944,"title":943,"level":899,"summary":1567,"order":16,"exercises":1568},"pg_099b1318-4b84-4941-bee7-f32567424b3d","-건만으로 앞 사태가 만든 기대와 실제 결과의 괴리 및 아쉬움·비판의 태도를 표현한다.",[1569,1572,1575],{"id":1570,"title":1571,"order":1245,"type":1557},"01a07863-f0ee-75ba-b5a2-315541241e9d","기대 구조와 결합 분석하기",{"id":1573,"title":1574,"order":11,"type":1557},"01a07863-f104-7dd4-b921-738731a88ec5","문체와 태도 조절하기",{"id":1576,"title":1577,"order":16,"type":1564},"01a07863-f11c-7014-8601-da84f755567e","Building reversals with -건만",{"id":947,"contentId":1579,"slug":949,"title":948,"level":899,"summary":1580,"order":21,"exercises":1581},"pg_a276cc66-a1b5-4f49-9c32-fe7e002c445f","-기에 망정이지의 실제 다행 조건과 피한 반사실 결과를 연결해 안도와 아찔함을 드러낸다.",[1582,1585,1588],{"id":1583,"title":1584,"order":1245,"type":1557},"01a07863-e3cf-70e5-b829-295097818fa2","Actual conditions and narrowly avoided results",{"id":1586,"title":1587,"order":11,"type":1557},"01a07863-e3ea-76e0-8e9b-0e8035d6aff5","안도와 경고의 담화",{"id":1589,"title":1590,"order":16,"type":1564},"01a07863-e404-7b7f-988b-9b0777ef13dd","다행스러운 조건을 문장으로 엮기",{"id":937,"contentId":1592,"slug":939,"title":938,"level":899,"summary":1593,"order":26,"exercises":1594},"pg_30131f2f-7a1a-4712-b19e-8d7093cb6d7b","-느니로 덜 바람직한 선택과 차라리 택할 대안을 비교하며 화자의 평가를 분명히 한다.",[1595,1598,1601],{"id":1596,"title":1597,"order":1245,"type":1557},"01a07864-1446-76db-b95f-d670a99811d3","선택형 -느니의 형태와 강도",{"id":1599,"title":1600,"order":11,"type":1557},"01a07864-1465-7ace-94ac-a9cdfed6ce07","Choosing among selection, listing, and quotation",{"id":1602,"title":1603,"order":16,"type":1564},"01a07864-1486-7921-b1e2-d0643a36da2b","선택과 평가 표현의 문장 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고르세요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_7c401eec-c2f2-4dba-a305-b45f4ec7369d_hero.webp?v=1788726210",{"@id":1616,"@type":1607,"id":1576,"grammarPage":1608,"title":1577,"instructions":1617,"displayOrder":16,"type":1564,"questionCount":66,"blankCount":66,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1618},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07863-f11c-7014-8601-da84f755567e","Arrange the Korean tiles to build the requested expectation and reversal. Two tiles are not used.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_430e6158-3ac8-4245-88b7-be136dfcb468_hero.webp?v=1788726210",{"id":1570,"grammarPage":1608,"title":1571,"instructions":1609,"seoTitle":1620,"seoDescription":1621,"displayOrder":1245,"type":1557,"questions":1622,"ogImageUrl":1610},"'-건만' 기대 구조와 시제·높임 결합 분석","충분히 연습했건만 실력을 내지 못했다처럼 앞절이 만드는 일반적 기대와 이를 깨는 실제 결과의 관계를 분석해요. 숨은 기대를 찾고 뒷절을 완성하는 빈칸에서 시제, 높임, 추측, 이다와 결합한 '-건만' 형태를 골라 문어체 대조 표현을 정교하게 분석하며 다뤄요.",[1623],{"id":1624,"sentenceTemplate":1625,"displayOrder":1245,"explanation":1626,"exampleSentence":1627,"blanks":1628},"01a07863-f0ee-7836-b5a2-3155446c160e","“충분히 연습했건만 본무대에서는 제 실력을 내지 못했다.”에 숨은 일반적인 기대는 “__1__”라는 내용이다.","충분한 연습은 보통 실전에서 실력을 발휘하는 결과로 이어진다고 기대한다. 뒷절은 바로 그 기대를 깨뜨린다.","철저히 준비했건만 발표를 망쳤다 → 준비하면 발표가 순조로울 것이라는 기대가 좌절되었다.",[1629],{"id":1630,"blankNumber":11,"options":1631},"01a07863-f0ee-77e6-b5a2-315543d40fe8",[1632,1635,1638],{"id":1633,"optionText":1634,"isCorrect":1265,"displayOrder":1245},"01a07863-f0ee-774e-b5a2-315541915784","충분히 연습하면 실전에서 실력을 발휘한다",{"id":1636,"optionText":1637,"isCorrect":1244,"displayOrder":11},"01a07863-f0ee-7792-b5a2-3155423aeca0","본무대는 연습실보다 넓다",{"id":1639,"optionText":1640,"isCorrect":1244,"displayOrder":16},"01a07863-f0ee-77be-b5a2-315542e21386","연습을 마치면 반드시 무대가 바뀐다",{"html":1642,"toc":1643},"\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>-건만\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 두 사실이 단순히 다르다는 것을 넘어, 앞의 사태로부터 자연스럽게 기대되는 결과가 실제로는 일어나지 않았음을 나타낸다. 이 괴리에는 화자의 아쉬움, 안타까움, 비판이나 반전의 느낌이 자주 따른다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>이 글을 읽고 나면 다음을 할 수 있다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>P-건만 Q\u003C\u002Fstrong>에 숨은 기대와 실제 결과의 관계를 분석할 수 있다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>용언, \u003Cstrong>-으시-\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>-었-\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>-겠-\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>이다\u003C\u002Fstrong>에 \u003Cstrong>-건만\u003C\u002Fstrong>을 정확히 결합할 수 있다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>-지만\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>-(으)나\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>-는데도\u003C\u002Fstrong>와의 문체·태도 차이를 판단할 수 있다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>전제, 기대, 실제 결과\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>P-건만 Q\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 다음 세 단계로 이해할 수 있다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>전제 P:\u003C\u002Fstrong> 이미 성립한 사실이나 상태를 제시한다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>예상된 결과 R:\u003C\u002Fstrong> P라면 보통 R이라고 기대한다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>실제 결과 Q:\u003C\u002Fstrong> 그러나 R과 다른 Q가 일어난다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>표면 문장\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>숨은 기대\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>실제 결과\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>준비를 철저히 했\u003Cstrong>건만\u003C\u002Fstrong> 발표는 예정대로 흘러가지 않았다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>철저히 준비하면 발표가 순조롭다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>발표가 예정과 달랐다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>봄이\u003Cstrong>건만\u003C\u002Fstrong> 산정에는 눈이 남아 있었다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>봄이면 눈이 녹는다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>눈이 남아 있었다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>그는 사정을 잘 알\u003Cstrong>건만\u003C\u002Fstrong> 마지막까지 침묵했다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>사정을 알면 설명하거나 돕는다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>아무 말도 하지 않았다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>숨은 기대는 자연 법칙이나 사회적 규범에서 올 수도 있고, 앞선 문맥에서 형성될 수도 있다. 독자가 그 기대를 복원할 수 없다면 \u003Cstrong>-건만\u003C\u002Fstrong>의 반전도 설득력을 잃는다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>결합 형태와 시제·높임·추측\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>-건만\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 \u003Cstrong>-건마는\u003C\u002Fstrong>의 준말이다. \u003Cstrong>-건마는\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 \u003Cstrong>-건만\u003C\u002Fstrong>보다 예스럽고 문학적인 느낌이 더 강하다. 예를 들어 “그는 모든 사실을 알건마는 끝내 침묵했다.”처럼 쓸 수 있다. 동사와 형용사, \u003Cstrong>이다\u003C\u002Fstrong>의 어간에 붙고, 선어말 어미 \u003Cstrong>-으시-\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>-었-\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>-겠-\u003C\u002Fstrong> 뒤에도 붙을 수 있다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>유형\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>결합\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>예\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>동사\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>알- + -건만\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>모든 사실을 \u003Cstrong>알건만\u003C\u002Fstrong> 모르는 척했다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>형용사\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>바쁘- + -건만\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>밥 먹을 새도 없이 \u003Cstrong>바쁘건만\u003C\u002Fstrong> 가족에게 전화했다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>과거\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>말리- + -었- + -건만\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>그렇게 \u003Cstrong>말렸건만\u003C\u002Fstrong> 그는 떠났다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>높임\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>도와주- + -시- + -건만\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>선생님은 매번 \u003Cstrong>도와주시건만\u003C\u002Fstrong> 이번에는 연락이 없으셨다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>추측·의지\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>-겠- + -건만\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>사정을 말하고 \u003Cstrong>싶겠건만\u003C\u002Fstrong> 지금은 때가 아니다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>명사 + 이다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>기회이- + -건만\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>다시없을 \u003Cstrong>기회이건만\u003C\u002Fstrong> 아무도 지원하지 않았다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>받침 없는 체언 뒤에서는 \u003Cstrong>이다\u003C\u002Fstrong>의 **이-**가 생략될 수 있다. 따라서 \u003Cstrong>나라이건만\u003C\u002Fstrong>과 \u003Cstrong>나라건만\u003C\u002Fstrong>이 모두 가능하다. 다만 한 문서에서는 선택한 형태를 일관되게 쓴다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>돕다\u003C\u002Fstrong>처럼 ㅂ 불규칙이 적용되는 용언에 **-으시-**가 붙으면 **-우시-**로 실현되어 \u003Cstrong>도우시건만\u003C\u002Fstrong>이 된다. 반면 \u003Cstrong>도와주시건만\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 \u003Cstrong>도와주다\u003C\u002Fstrong>에 **-시-**가 결합한 형태이다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-3\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>기대가 생기는 세 가지 근거\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>앞절 P와 뒷절 Q 사이의 괴리를 정확히 쓰려면, 무엇이 반대 결과를 예상하게 했는지 확인해야 한다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>일반적 인과관계:\u003C\u002Fstrong> 충분히 연습했건만 실전에서는 제 실력을 내지 못했다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>사회적 역할과 규범:\u003C\u002Fstrong> 중재자이건만 오히려 갈등을 키웠다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>화자의 의도나 소망:\u003C\u002Fstrong> 마음을 전하고 싶었건만 끝내 입을 열지 못했다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>중립적 대조:\u003C\u002Fstrong> 자료는 풍부하지만 분석 범위는 제한적이다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>기대의 좌절:\u003C\u002Fstrong> 자료를 충분히 확보했\u003Cstrong>건만\u003C\u002Fstrong>, 결정적인 변수를 놓쳐 결론을 낼 수 없었다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>두 번째 문장은 “자료가 충분하면 타당한 분석이 가능하다”는 기대가 깨졌음을 부각한다. 따라서 단순 정보 대조보다 아쉬움과 비판의 태도가 더 강하다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-4\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>비슷한 양보·대조 표현과의 차이\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>표현\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>핵심 기능\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>문체와 태도\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>예\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>-지만\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>두 사실의 일반적 대조\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>널리 쓰이며 비교적 중립적임\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>방법은 간단하지만 시간이 오래 걸린다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>-(으)나\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>인정한 사실과 뒤 내용의 대조\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>격식적·문어적임\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>방법은 간단하나 시간이 오래 걸린다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>-는데도\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>조건이 성립했음에도 반대 결과가 나타남\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>구어와 문어 모두에서 자연스럽고 예상 어긋남을 부각함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>여러 번 설명했는데도 같은 오류가 나타났다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>-건만\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>기대와 현실의 괴리\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>문어적이며 아쉬움·안타까움·비판이 쉽게 드러남\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>여러 번 설명했건만 그는 같은 실수를 반복했다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>-건만\u003C\u002Fstrong>을 쓰면 화자가 어떤 결과를 기대했는지까지 암시한다. 중립적 사실 보고가 목적이라면 \u003Cstrong>-지만\u003C\u002Fstrong>이나 \u003Cstrong>-(으)나\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 선택해 불필요한 감정 평가를 줄인다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-5\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>문학적 서술과 논증의 효과\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>-건만\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 일상 대화보다 문학, 평론, 격식 있는 연설에서 더 자연스럽다. 앞절에 기대를 충분히 쌓은 뒤 뒷절에서 그것을 깨뜨림으로써 반전의 울림을 키운다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>아쉬움:\u003C\u002Fstrong> 다시 만날 날이 멀지 않았건만, 그들은 마지막 인사를 나누지 못했다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>비판:\u003C\u002Fstrong> 규정을 지켜야 할 기관이건만 스스로 원칙을 무너뜨렸다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>아이러니:\u003C\u002Fstrong> 타인의 침묵을 질책하건만 그 역시 진실을 말하지 않았다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>그는 평생 바다를 연구한 사람이었다. 파도의 방향과 바람의 냄새만으로도 날씨를 읽었다. 세상 누구보다 바다를 잘 \u003Cstrong>알건만\u003C\u002Fstrong>, 정작 그날의 침묵은 알아차리지 못했다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>마지막 문장은 “바다를 잘 알면 위험도 알아차린다”는 기대를 깨뜨리며, 인물의 지식과 실제 판단 사이의 아이러니를 만든다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-6\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">6.\u003C\u002Fspan>태도의 조절\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>같은 사실도 어떤 연결 표현을 고르느냐에 따라 화자의 태도가 달라진다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>표현\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>들리는 태도\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>그는 약속했\u003Cstrong>지만\u003C\u002Fstrong> 오지 않았다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>두 사실을 비교적 담담하게 대조함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>그는 약속했\u003Cstrong>는데도\u003C\u002Fstrong> 오지 않았다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>약속이 지켜지지 않은 의외성을 부각함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>그는 약속했\u003Cstrong>건만\u003C\u002Fstrong> 끝내 오지 않았다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>기대의 좌절과 아쉬움을 문어적으로 드러냄\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>논증문에서 \u003Cstrong>-건만\u003C\u002Fstrong>을 쓰려면 숨은 기대가 공유될 만한지 먼저 확인한다. 예를 들어 “예산이 늘었건만 성과는 줄었다”는 예산 증가가 성과 향상으로 이어질 것이라는 전제를 함께 제시할 때 더 설득력이 있다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-7\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">7.\u003C\u002Fspan>오류를 줄이는 최종 점검\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>-건만\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 의존 명사 \u003Cstrong>것\u003C\u002Fstrong>과 보조사 \u003Cstrong>만\u003C\u002Fstrong>이 결합한 “것만”과 다르다. 어미는 어간에 붙여 \u003Cstrong>알건만, 바쁘건만, 이었건만\u003C\u002Fstrong>처럼 쓴다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>-련만\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 앞으로 일어날 일에 대한 추측·의지·기대를 나타낸다. 선어말 어미 없이 쓰는 \u003Cstrong>-건만\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 주로 이미 성립한 사실과 현실의 어긋남을 드러내지만, \u003Cstrong>-겠건만\u003C\u002Fstrong>처럼 **-겠-**이 앞서면 추측이나 의지를 포함한 사태도 반전의 전제로 제시할 수 있다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>-구만\u002F-구먼\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 새롭게 깨달은 사실을 감탄하거나 확인하는 종결 표현이므로, 두 절을 연결해 기대의 좌절을 나타내는 \u003Cstrong>-건만\u003C\u002Fstrong>과 다르다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>다음 질문으로 문장을 검토한다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>앞절이 이미 성립한 사실이나 상태를 제시하는가?\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>앞절로부터 자연스럽게 예상되는 결과를 독자가 알 수 있는가?\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>뒷절은 그 기대를 실제로 깨뜨리는가?\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>아쉬움·비판·반전의 태도가 문서의 목적과 문체에 어울리는가?\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>태도를 줄여야 한다면 \u003Cstrong>-지만\u003C\u002Fstrong>이나 \u003Cstrong>-(으)나\u003C\u002Fstrong>로 바꿀 수 있는가?\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>핵심은 단순하다. \u003Cstrong>P-건만 Q\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 “P라면 R이어야 한다”는 기대와 “그러나 실제는 Q이다”라는 결과 사이의 거리를 드러낸다. 형태만 맞는다고 완성되는 표현이 아니며, \u003Cstrong>기대의 근거와 화자의 태도\u003C\u002Fstrong>가 독자에게 명확해야 한다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",[1644,1648,1652,1656,1660,1664,1668],{"id":1645,"text":1646,"depth":16,"number":1647},"section","전제, 기대, 실제 결과","1",{"id":1649,"text":1650,"depth":16,"number":1651},"section-2","결합 형태와 시제·높임·추측","2",{"id":1653,"text":1654,"depth":16,"number":1655},"section-3","기대가 생기는 세 가지 근거","3",{"id":1657,"text":1658,"depth":16,"number":1659},"section-4","비슷한 양보·대조 표현과의 차이","4",{"id":1661,"text":1662,"depth":16,"number":1663},"section-5","문학적 서술과 논증의 효과","5",{"id":1665,"text":1666,"depth":16,"number":1667},"section-6","태도의 조절","6",{"id":1669,"text":1670,"depth":16,"number":1671},"section-7","오류를 줄이는 최종 점검","7"]