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정보 초점","eosun-idong-gwa-jeongbo-chojeom",165,{"id":836,"title":837,"slug":838,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":839},"01a07863-dab5-740e-83b8-33f381df3c93","조사 결합과 의미 범위","josa-gyeolhap-gwa-uimi-beomwi",166,{"id":841,"title":842,"slug":843,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":844},"01a07863-d717-7c49-836e-9cd2147ab799","보조사 '-조차·-마저·-까지도'","bojosa-jocha-majeo-kkajido",167,{"id":846,"title":847,"slug":848,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":849},"01a07863-d987-7c0b-91c8-c3837f99a60f","하오체의 형태와 사용 맥락","haoche-ui-hyeongtae-wa-maengnak",168,{"id":851,"title":852,"slug":853,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":854},"01a07863-d94e-7f7d-bd36-aea815da0959","하게체의 형태와 사용 맥락","hageche-ui-hyeongtae-wa-maengnak",169,{"id":856,"title":857,"slug":858,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":859},"01a07863-d858-74ca-b8ff-d9b13d4b0e74","간접 부탁과 완곡한 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태도","inyong-dongsa-ui-seontaek",195,{"id":987,"title":988,"slug":989,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":990},"01a07863-d70b-7796-861c-b6fde39f3320","비인칭 피동과 책임 회피","biinching-pidong-gwa-chaegim-hoepi",196,{"id":992,"title":993,"slug":994,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":995},"01a07863-dbfe-7715-a73d-d97b70250059","사동 구문과 책임의 범위","sadong-gumun-gwa-chaegim-beomwi",197,{"id":997,"title":998,"slug":999,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1000},"01a07863-dba0-7c89-90d4-2eef83532006","높임 표현의 충돌과 우선순위","nopim-pyohyeon-ui-chungdol",198,{"id":1002,"title":1003,"slug":1004,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1005},"01a07863-db20-75e4-9e91-1851bedaec66","말하기 등급의 전환과 관계 재조정","malhagi-deunggeup-ui-jeonhwan",199,{"id":1007,"title":1008,"slug":1009,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1010},"01a07863-dcba-7864-9960-b92f40934922","완곡어법과 체면 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차이","jeongdoseong-geukdanseong-ui-chai",215,{"id":1087,"title":1088,"slug":1089,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1091},"01a07863-d96c-7023-bb30-3a3d8f787aa2","한글 맞춤법의 역사적 변화","hangeul-matchumbeop-ui-yeoksajeok-byeonhwa","C2",216,{"id":1093,"title":1094,"slug":1095,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1096},"01a07863-db03-771f-a039-b9257e399114","중세 한국어 문법의 현대 한국어 흔적","jungse-hangugeo-munbeop-ui-heunjeok",217,{"id":1098,"title":1099,"slug":1100,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1101},"01a07863-da9b-74e0-aa05-b70e5e015c3d","지역·세대·사용역에 따른 발음 변이","jiyeok-sedae-sayongyeok-bareum-byeoni",218,{"id":1103,"title":1104,"slug":1105,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1106},"01a07863-d8dd-7b49-bcf9-020299f60a53","고전 문헌의 말하기 등급","gojeon-munheon-ui-malhagi-deunggeup",219,{"id":1108,"title":1109,"slug":1110,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1111},"01a07863-d8e4-7f0a-9847-6e75a50aa53d","고전적 높임 표현과 현대의 잔존형","gojeonjeok-nopim-pyohyeon",220,{"id":1113,"title":1114,"slug":1115,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1116},"01a07863-d6d4-7878-ad37-a4982f125903","방언의 말하기 등급과 사회적 의미","bangeon-ui-malhagi-deunggeup",221,{"id":1118,"title":1119,"slug":1120,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1121},"01a07863-d80d-7c71-85f6-c3236a70cc6b","언어 형식의 사회적 지표성","eoneo-hyeongsik-ui-sahoejeok-jipyoseong",222,{"id":1123,"title":1124,"slug":1125,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1126},"01a07863-d737-779b-ad54-78d521a176d0","복합 사용역과 문체 혼합","bokhap-sayongyeok-gwa-munche-honhap",223,{"id":1128,"title":1129,"slug":1130,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1131},"01a07863-da4d-7c0e-aee9-47ad0c32ab41","전달 정보의 증거성과 화자 개입","jeondal-jeongbo-jeunggeoseong-hwaja-gaeip",224,{"id":1133,"title":1134,"slug":1135,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1136},"01a07863-d9f3-784c-8444-b4e48a91a5f4","인식·당위·능력 양태의 중첩","insik-dangwi-neungnyeok-yangtae-jungcheop",225,{"id":1138,"title":1139,"slug":1140,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1141},"01a07863-d87d-7421-a10d-016685c3019e","극도로 중첩된 종속 구조","geukdoro-jungcheopdoen-jongsok-gujo",226,{"id":1143,"title":1144,"slug":1145,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1146},"01a07863-db6c-76c8-9d8d-1bf0ff302356","명사구 내부의 다중 수식 범위","myeongsagu-naebu-dajung-susik-beomwi",227,{"id":1148,"title":1149,"slug":1150,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1151},"01a07863-d7a7-7713-b582-4635b340fb8c","다층 인용과 발화 책임","dachung-inyong-gwa-balhwa-chaegim",228,{"id":1153,"title":1154,"slug":1155,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1156},"01a07863-dc93-7bf7-baaf-646f405d0a93","통사적 중의성과 구조 해석","tongsajeok-junguiseong-gujo-haeseok",229,{"id":1158,"title":1159,"slug":1160,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1161},"01a07863-d747-7d02-9170-02c9242f260d","부정의 범위와 중의성","bujeong-ui-beomwi-wa-junguiseong",230,{"id":1163,"title":1164,"slug":1165,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1166},"01a07863-dc82-74cf-aed9-03ef012ba1ae","수량사의 작용역과 범위","suryangsa-ui-jagyongyeok-gwa-beomwi",231,{"id":1168,"title":1169,"slug":1170,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1171},"01a07863-d7c0-7033-8973-1acd78835224","다중 주제 구조와 화제 계층","dajung-juje-gujo-hwaje-gyecheung",232,{"id":1173,"title":1174,"slug":1175,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1176},"01a07863-db0f-7d14-b181-22045286272f","좌측·우측 전위와 담화 기능","jwacheuk-ucheuk-jeonwi",233,{"id":1178,"title":1179,"slug":1180,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1181},"01a07863-d75d-772e-9d3e-5b6275433f2d","분열문과 초점 구조","bunyeolmun-gwa-chojeom-gujo",234,{"id":1183,"title":1184,"slug":1185,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1186},"01a07863-dc88-7813-ac0c-b5506052d4fc","수사적 생략과 여백의 효과","susajeok-saengnyak-gwa-yeobaek",235,{"id":1188,"title":1189,"slug":1190,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1191},"01a07863-dc1b-7dc0-832f-4f108853f305","상호 텍스트성과 변형 인용","sangho-tekseuteuseong-byeonhyeong-inyong",236,{"id":1193,"title":1194,"slug":1195,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1196},"01a07863-d979-798b-b0e1-1f25c0511cbb","한자어 중심 문체의 압축성","hanjaeo-jungsim-munche-ui-apchukseong",237,{"id":1198,"title":1199,"slug":1200,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1201},"01a07863-d6ec-7d59-96d2-3ffd339ca6c2","법률·행정 문체의 문법","beomnyul-haengjeong-munche-ui-munbeop",238,{"id":1203,"title":1204,"slug":1205,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1206},"01a07863-d95e-724f-aebc-136eef75e32d","학술 문체의 고도 명사화","haksul-munche-ui-godo-myeongsahwa",239,{"id":1208,"title":1209,"slug":1210,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1211},"01a07863-db4f-75fe-832e-52c746aeace4","문학 서사의 시점과 화자","munhak-seosa-ui-sijeom-gwa-hwaja",240,{"id":1213,"title":1214,"slug":1215,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1216},"01a07863-da34-7109-a69e-dcc4f425ced7","자유 간접 화법과 의식의 표현","jayu-ganjeop-hwabeop",241,{"id":1218,"title":1219,"slug":1220,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1221},"01a07863-dc71-7158-bad9-cc4b5c91a482","속담·관용구의 변형과 재맥락화","sokdam-gwanyonggu-byeonhyeong",242,{"id":1223,"title":1224,"slug":1225,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1226},"01a07863-dcb3-7256-be14-3efead0203a1","의성어·의태어의 파생과 활용","uiseongeo-uitaeeo-pasaeng-hwaryong",243,{"id":1228,"title":1229,"slug":1230,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1231},"01a07863-dc69-7a26-9a3b-aaffc3c91e21","신조어의 파생 문법과 확장","sinjoeo-ui-pasaeng-munbeop",244,{"id":1233,"title":1234,"slug":1235,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1236},"01a07863-db09-7a45-a9a7-3b2525079877","중의성과 응집성을 다듬는 고급 퇴고","junguiseong-eungjipseong-gogeup-toego",245,{"id":148,"title":149,"slug":150,"seoDescription":1238,"content":1239,"language":9,"level":10,"displayOrder":151,"grammarTopics":1240,"createdAt":1246,"updatedAt":1247,"vocabularyLists":1248,"primaryTopicHub":1542,"readyImages":1544},"공부하다, 일하다, 좋아하다처럼 하다로 끝나는 한국어 용언의 활용을 익힙니다. 하다를 해요, 했어요, 하지 않아요로 바꾸는 규칙을 배우고, 명사와 하다가 결합한 자주 쓰는 표현을 일상적인 문장 속에서 자연스럽게 말하고 쓰며 긍정과 부정 표현도 함께 익힙니다.","한국어에는 **하다**로 끝나는 용언이 아주 많습니다. 활동을 나타내는 명사 뒤에 하다를 붙이면 동사가 되는 경우가 많고, 상태를 나타내는 하다 형용사도 있습니다.\n\n하다의 자주 쓰는 형태를 익히면 많은 단어를 한 번에 활용할 수 있습니다.\n\n## 1. 명사와 하다가 만나요\n\n활동을 나타내는 명사에 **하다**를 붙여 행동을 나타내는 동사를 만들 수 있습니다.\n\n| 명사 | 하다 동사 | 해요체 예문 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 공부 | **공부하다** | 한국어를 공부해요. |\n| 운동 | **운동하다** | 아침에 운동해요. |\n| 요리 | **요리하다** | 집에서 요리해요. |\n| 청소 | **청소하다** | 방을 청소해요. |\n| 전화 | **전화하다** | 친구에게 전화해요. |\n\n**공부해요**는 **공부를 해요**라고도 말할 수 있습니다. 명사와 하다가 분리될 수 있기 때문에 **안**이 그 사이에 들어갑니다: **공부 안 해요**.\n\n:::tip\n새로운 활동 명사를 배울 때는 **하다**와 함께 쓰는지 확인하면 됩니다. 한 단어를 알면 **공부, 공부하다, 공부해요**처럼 여러 표현을 만들 수 있습니다.\n:::\n\n## 2. 하다에서 해요 만들기\n\n공손한 현재형에서 **하다**는 **해요**로 바뀝니다. 앞의 부분은 그대로 두고, 마지막 하다만 활용합니다.\n\n| 기본형 | 나누기 | 현재형 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 공부하다 | 공부 + 하다 | **공부해요** |\n| 일하다 | 일 + 하다 | **일해요** |\n| 좋아하다 | 좋아 + 하다 | **좋아해요** |\n| 필요하다 | 필요 + 하다 | **필요해요** |\n\n:::example\n**하다**는 다른 동사와 달리 특별하게 **해요**가 됩니다.\n\n공부하다 → 공부해요\n:::\n\n합니다체의 평서문은 **공부합니다**, 질문은 **공부합니까?**입니다. 공손하게 요청하거나 권할 때는 **공부하세요**라고 합니다.\n\n## 3. 시간과 긍정·부정 나타내기\n\n하다 부분을 바꾸면 현재, 과거, 부정을 표현할 수 있습니다.\n\n| 나타내는 뜻 | 하다의 형태 | 예문 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 현재 | **해요** | 오늘 운동해요. |\n| 과거 | **했어요** | 어제 운동했어요. |\n| 짧은 부정 | **안 해요** | 오늘 운동 안 해요. |\n| 긴 부정 | **하지 않아요** | 오늘 운동하지 않아요. |\n| 과거 부정 | **안 했어요** \u002F **하지 않았어요** | 어제 운동 안 했어요. |\n\n- **공부해요**: 지금이나 평소의 공부를 말합니다.\n- **공부했어요**: 지난 공부를 말합니다.\n- **공부 안 해요**와 **공부하지 않아요**: 공부하지 않는다는 뜻입니다.\n\n:::warning\n**공부하다**처럼 활동 명사와 하다가 결합한 동사의 짧은 부정에서는 **안**을 하다 앞에 놓습니다.\n\n✓ **공부 안 해요**\n\n✗ *안 공부해요*\n:::\n\n## 4. 동사와 형용사 구별하기\n\n하다로 끝나도 모두 행동 동사는 아닙니다. 어떤 하다 용언은 상태나 성질을 나타내는 형용사입니다.\n\n| 종류 | 기본형 | 문장 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 동사 | 공부하다 | 학생이 공부해요. |\n| 동사 | 좋아하다 | 저는 음악을 좋아해요. |\n| 형용사 | 조용하다 | 도서관이 조용해요. |\n| 형용사 | 건강하다 | 할머니가 건강해요. |\n| 형용사 | 필요하다 | 시간이 필요해요. |\n\n:::note\n동사는 행동을, 형용사는 상태나 성질을 나타냅니다. 두 종류 모두 공손한 현재형에서는 **해요**로 활용할 수 있습니다.\n:::\n\n:::warning\n하다 형용사는 보통 **-지 않아요**로 부정합니다. **조용하다 → 조용하지 않아요**, **건강하다 → 건강하지 않아요**라고 합니다.\n\n**필요하다**는 **필요 없어요**라고 합니다.\n:::\n\n## 5. 좋아요와 좋아해요\n\n**좋다**와 **좋아하다**는 모양이 비슷하지만 문장 구조가 다릅니다.\n\n:::example\n- 날씨가 **좋아요**. → 날씨의 상태가 좋습니다.\n- 저는 봄을 **좋아해요**. → 제가 봄을 좋아하는 마음을 말합니다.\n- 이 노래가 **좋아요**. → 이 노래에 대한 좋은 느낌을 말합니다.\n- 저는 이 노래를 **좋아해요**. → 좋아하는 대상을 말합니다.\n:::\n\n1. 상태나 느낌을 말하면 **좋아요**를 씁니다.\n2. 누가 무엇을 좋아하는지 말할 때는 **좋아해요**를 씁니다.\n3. 좋아해요 앞의 대상에는 보통 **을\u002F를**을 붙입니다.\n\n**좋아하다**는 **좋아 안 해요**처럼 나누지 않습니다. **안 좋아해요** 또는 **좋아하지 않아요**라고 말합니다.\n\n## 6. 활용 확인표\n\n| 확인할 것 | 기억할 내용 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 기본형 | 활동 명사 뒤에 하다가 붙는 동사가 많습니다. |\n| 현재형 | 하다는 **해요**가 됩니다. |\n| 과거형 | 하다는 **했어요**가 됩니다. |\n| 활동 동사 부정 | **공부 안 해요** 또는 **공부하지 않아요**를 씁니다. |\n| 하다 형용사 부정 | **조용하지 않아요**를 기본으로 씁니다. |\n| 합니다체 | 평서문은 **공부합니다**, 질문은 **공부합니까?**입니다. |\n| 공손한 요청·권유 | **공부하세요**라고 합니다. |\n| 용언 종류 | 하다 동사와 하다 형용사가 모두 있습니다. |\n\n활동 명사와 **하다**가 붙은 동사는 앞부분과 **하다**를 나누어 보면 됩니다. 하다 부분의 모양을 바꾸면 여러 문장을 쉽게 만들 수 있습니다.",[1241],{"id":1242,"name":1243,"level":10,"language":9,"isCompleted":1244,"completionPercentage":1245,"totalExercises":96,"completedExercises":1245},"01a09c0b-5844-709a-9116-6ccdb96e374f","용언과 기본 활용",false,0,"2026-09-06T20:23:24+00:00","2026-10-11T12:53:37+00:00",[1249],{"id":1250,"title":1251,"vocabularyListWords":1252,"isPublished":1264},"01a07865-2c2a-70f1-8f1d-cbb5f43d426f","일상에서 자주 쓰는 하다 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없어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_933c93b16a8bb506_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1533,"vocabularyWord":1534,"displayOrder":131},"01a07865-2c2a-743d-8f1d-cbb600ce8b0c",{"id":1535,"word":1536,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1537,"partsOfSpeech":1538,"audio":1264,"audioUrl":1541},"01a07864-2313-7af9-852b-1caa7eee9526","았어요\u002F었어요","tts_1187cda63edd6ba5_ko-KR.mp3",[1539],{"id":1540,"partOfSpeech":1502,"definition":1263,"isPrimary":1264,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-2357-75f4-bb1d-8b8c75fc47cd","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_1187cda63edd6ba5_ko-KR.mp3",{"name":1243,"slug":1543,"language":9},"predicates-and-basic-conjugation-a1",[],{"id":1242,"name":1243,"slug":1543,"language":9,"level":10,"introduction":1546,"lessonCount":26,"totalExercises":96,"objectives":1547,"prerequisites":1551,"lessons":1554},"한국어 동사와 형용사는 문장 끝에서 서술어가 되고 어미에 따라 모양이 바뀝니다. 기본형과 어간을 찾고 동사·형용사의 기능을 구별한 뒤, 자주 쓰는 '하다' 용언과 모음 축약을 적용합니다.",[1548,1549,1550],"기본형에서 어간과 어미를 나눠요.","동사와 형용사의 뜻과 기능을 구별해요.","'하다'와 모음 축약 활용형을 만들어요.",[1552,1553],"기본 한글 음절과 받침을 읽을 수 있어요.","서술어가 문장 끝에 온다는 것을 알아요.",[1555,1577,1590,1609],{"id":133,"contentId":1556,"slug":135,"title":134,"level":10,"summary":1557,"order":11,"exercises":1558},"pg_c7a24b57-2074-4e24-82a6-ec6e161fa425","동사와 형용사의 기본형에서 어간을 찾고 어미를 붙여 활용하는 구조를 이해해요.",[1559,1563,1566,1570,1574],{"id":1560,"title":1561,"order":1245,"type":1562},"01a07864-1bdd-72bf-9f65-4b7f666f41ce","Find dictionary forms and stems","word_select",{"id":1564,"title":1565,"order":11,"type":1562},"01a07864-1bf1-799c-a32f-b895429fbbc6","Attach endings to Korean stems",{"id":1567,"title":1568,"order":16,"type":1569},"01a07864-1c0a-773c-b6eb-700f45ca1b77","Build real sentences with conjugated forms","sentence_builder",{"id":1571,"title":1572,"order":21,"type":1573},"01a0e1ac-7d54-7792-aee6-b085e87727ef","Sort dictionary forms and identify stems","word_sort",{"id":1575,"title":1576,"order":26,"type":1573},"01a0e1ac-7d5c-733f-8253-5c4e63b84d51","Sort endings and recover changing stems",{"id":138,"contentId":1578,"slug":140,"title":139,"level":10,"summary":1579,"order":16,"exercises":1580},"pg_96236241-4b7e-49e2-b886-f72075b7575d","행동을 나타내는 동사와 상태를 나타내는 형용사를 구별해 문장 끝의 서술어로 사용해요.",[1581,1584,1587],{"id":1582,"title":1583,"order":1245,"type":1562},"01a07863-ea20-7f38-b616-be0847cfac92","행동과 상태 구별하기",{"id":1585,"title":1586,"order":11,"type":1562},"01a07863-ea39-74af-b1f2-d2228fc22112","질문에 맞는 서술어 고르기",{"id":1588,"title":1589,"order":16,"type":1573},"01a0e1ac-77ee-7351-9ae5-984fd90707da","Actions, States and Complete Predicates",{"id":148,"contentId":1591,"slug":150,"title":149,"level":10,"summary":1592,"order":21,"exercises":1593},"pg_f67585d6-722c-48a8-bd52-1dc0709d3e7c","'하다' 동사와 형용사의 현재·과거·부정 활용을 익히고 '좋다'와 '좋아하다'를 구별해요.",[1594,1597,1600,1603,1606],{"id":1595,"title":1596,"order":1245,"type":1562},"01a07863-f5d1-7944-a055-4d60b12f1593","Tense and speech levels with 하다",{"id":1598,"title":1599,"order":11,"type":1562},"01a07863-f5ea-775a-9712-f3853fd89479","Negation and 좋아 expressions",{"id":1601,"title":1602,"order":16,"type":1569},"01a07863-f602-7183-95c3-1cf328b2364b","Build sentences with 하다",{"id":1604,"title":1605,"order":21,"type":1573},"01a0e1ac-797d-766b-8f35-5093157658ad","Sort 하다 forms and sentence functions",{"id":1607,"title":1608,"order":26,"type":1573},"01a0e1ac-7988-7ba1-bb93-de33a5b40f97","Sort 하다 negatives and expressions of liking",{"id":153,"contentId":1610,"slug":155,"title":154,"level":10,"summary":1611,"order":26,"exercises":1612},"pg_d17e65be-590a-4370-bce5-1414913c4b60","어간과 '-아요\u002F어요'의 모음이 만날 때 일어나는 축약을 규칙별로 적용해요.",[1613,1616,1619,1622,1625],{"id":1614,"title":1615,"order":1245,"type":1562},"01a07864-09b2-76a1-9f98-692c9194eb0e","Build the contracted 해요-form",{"id":1617,"title":1618,"order":11,"type":1562},"01a07864-09ca-7e03-8b80-6158e9c67413","Use contractions in daily life",{"id":1620,"title":1621,"order":16,"type":1569},"01a07864-09e1-7758-b387-4ff353b29f93","Build sentences with contracted forms",{"id":1623,"title":1624,"order":21,"type":1573},"01a0e1ac-7b6f-74c3-bb84-ea5557cd92b8","Predict the vowel contraction",{"id":1626,"title":1627,"order":26,"type":1573},"01a0e1ac-7b76-7c25-b636-db281845a122","Trace contracted forms back to their stems",[1629,1635,1639,1643,1647],{"@id":1630,"@type":1631,"id":1595,"grammarPage":1632,"title":1596,"instructions":1633,"displayOrder":1245,"type":1562,"questionCount":66,"blankCount":66,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1634},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07863-f5d1-7944-a055-4d60b12f1593","GrammarExercise","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a07863-d937-732f-a522-5a91bb5bd3f4","Choose the natural form of each 하다 verb or adjective from the time, meaning, and speech level.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_d5339510-5c25-4697-b881-860a5d2ef7d4_hero.webp?v=1788726212",{"@id":1636,"@type":1631,"id":1598,"grammarPage":1632,"title":1599,"instructions":1637,"displayOrder":11,"type":1562,"questionCount":66,"blankCount":66,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1638},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07863-f5ea-775a-9712-f3853fd89479","Choose the Korean form that naturally expresses each action, state, or negative situation.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_7ffb0558-3f4a-40af-b846-06ab04da7bd0_hero.webp?v=1788726212",{"@id":1640,"@type":1631,"id":1601,"grammarPage":1632,"title":1602,"instructions":1641,"displayOrder":16,"type":1569,"questionCount":56,"blankCount":56,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1642},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07863-f602-7183-95c3-1cf328b2364b","Arrange the tiles to build the exact Korean sentence. Some tiles are decoys.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_f91a186c-91db-49a2-a12d-e21feb51aff3_hero.webp?v=1788726212",{"@id":1644,"@type":1631,"id":1604,"grammarPage":1632,"title":1605,"instructions":1645,"displayOrder":21,"type":1573,"questionCount":26,"blankCount":1245,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1646},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a0e1ac-797d-766b-8f35-5093157658ad","Tap each tile, then tap its matching column.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_eb613041-bcd8-480d-9721-58f9c86a9755_hero.webp?v=1790492572",{"@id":1648,"@type":1631,"id":1607,"grammarPage":1632,"title":1608,"instructions":1649,"displayOrder":26,"type":1573,"questionCount":26,"blankCount":1245,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1650},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a0e1ac-7988-7ba1-bb93-de33a5b40f97","Tap each tile, then tap the column that matches the stated rule.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_46a79621-b9c0-4ca6-9532-1a8017246318_hero.webp?v=1790492572",{"id":1595,"grammarPage":1632,"title":1596,"instructions":1633,"seoTitle":1652,"seoDescription":1653,"displayOrder":1245,"type":1562,"questions":1654,"ogImageUrl":1634},"'하다' 용언의 시제와 말하기 등급","매일 한국어 공부를 해요, 오늘은 공부 안 해요처럼 명사 + 하다 동사와 하다 형용사가 시제와 여러 말하기 등급에서 어떻게 바뀌는지 익혀요. 일상생활과 학교 장면의 빈칸에서 시간과 뜻, 말씨를 확인해 가장 자연스러운 '하다' 활용형을 골라 넣으며 기본 활용을 다져요.",[1655],{"id":1656,"sentenceTemplate":1657,"displayOrder":1245,"explanation":1658,"exampleSentence":1659,"blanks":1660},"01a07863-f5d1-7c38-a055-4d60b44dce71","Complete the current routine with the separate noun + 하다 pattern: “저는 요즘 매일 한국어 공부를 __1__.”","“요즘” anchors the current routine. The activity noun can take “를” and be followed by the present polite form “해요”.","저는 저녁에 운동을 해요.",[1661],{"id":1662,"blankNumber":11,"options":1663},"01a07863-f5d1-7bb4-a055-4d60b4497022",[1664,1667,1670],{"id":1665,"optionText":1666,"isCorrect":1264,"displayOrder":1245},"01a07863-f5d1-7ad0-a055-4d60b218bab7","해요",{"id":1668,"optionText":1669,"isCorrect":1244,"displayOrder":11},"01a07863-f5d1-7b28-a055-4d60b2ed1dc8","했어요",{"id":1671,"optionText":1672,"isCorrect":1244,"displayOrder":16},"01a07863-f5d1-7b70-a055-4d60b3a3a61a","하세요",{"html":1674,"toc":1675},"\u003Cp>한국어에는 \u003Cstrong>하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>로 끝나는 용언이 아주 많습니다. 활동을 나타내는 명사 뒤에 하다를 붙이면 동사가 되는 경우가 많고, 상태를 나타내는 하다 형용사도 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>하다의 자주 쓰는 형태를 익히면 많은 단어를 한 번에 활용할 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>명사와 하다가 만나요\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>활동을 나타내는 명사에 \u003Cstrong>하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 붙여 행동을 나타내는 동사를 만들 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>명사\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>하다 동사\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>해요체 예문\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>공부\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>공부하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>한국어를 공부해요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>운동\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>운동하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>아침에 운동해요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>요리\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>요리하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>집에서 요리해요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>청소\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>청소하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>방을 청소해요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>전화\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>전화하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>친구에게 전화해요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>공부해요\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 \u003Cstrong>공부를 해요\u003C\u002Fstrong>라고도 말할 수 있습니다. 명사와 하다가 분리될 수 있기 때문에 \u003Cstrong>안\u003C\u002Fstrong>이 그 사이에 들어갑니다: \u003Cstrong>공부 안 해요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>새로운 활동 명사를 배울 때는 \u003Cstrong>하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>와 함께 쓰는지 확인하면 됩니다. 한 단어를 알면 \u003Cstrong>공부, 공부하다, 공부해요\u003C\u002Fstrong>처럼 여러 표현을 만들 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>하다에서 해요 만들기\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>공손한 현재형에서 \u003Cstrong>하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 \u003Cstrong>해요\u003C\u002Fstrong>로 바뀝니다. 앞의 부분은 그대로 두고, 마지막 하다만 활용합니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>기본형\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>나누기\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>현재형\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>공부하다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>공부 + 하다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>공부해요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>일하다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>일 + 하다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>일해요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>좋아하다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>좋아 + 하다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>좋아해요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>필요하다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>필요 + 하다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>필요해요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 다른 동사와 달리 특별하게 \u003Cstrong>해요\u003C\u002Fstrong>가 됩니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>공부하다 → 공부해요\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>합니다체의 평서문은 \u003Cstrong>공부합니다\u003C\u002Fstrong>, 질문은 **공부합니까?**입니다. 공손하게 요청하거나 권할 때는 \u003Cstrong>공부하세요\u003C\u002Fstrong>라고 합니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-3\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>시간과 긍정·부정 나타내기\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>하다 부분을 바꾸면 현재, 과거, 부정을 표현할 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>나타내는 뜻\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>하다의 형태\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>예문\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>현재\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>해요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>오늘 운동해요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>과거\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>했어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>어제 운동했어요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>짧은 부정\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>안 해요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>오늘 운동 안 해요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>긴 부정\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>하지 않아요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>오늘 운동하지 않아요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>과거 부정\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>안 했어요\u003C\u002Fstrong> \u002F \u003Cstrong>하지 않았어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>어제 운동 안 했어요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>공부해요\u003C\u002Fstrong>: 지금이나 평소의 공부를 말합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>공부했어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>: 지난 공부를 말합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>공부 안 해요\u003C\u002Fstrong>와 \u003Cstrong>공부하지 않아요\u003C\u002Fstrong>: 공부하지 않는다는 뜻입니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>공부하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>처럼 활동 명사와 하다가 결합한 동사의 짧은 부정에서는 \u003Cstrong>안\u003C\u002Fstrong>을 하다 앞에 놓습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✓ \u003Cstrong>공부 안 해요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✗ \u003Cem>안 공부해요\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-4\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>동사와 형용사 구별하기\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>하다로 끝나도 모두 행동 동사는 아닙니다. 어떤 하다 용언은 상태나 성질을 나타내는 형용사입니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>종류\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>기본형\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>문장\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>동사\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>공부하다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>학생이 공부해요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>동사\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>좋아하다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>저는 음악을 좋아해요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>형용사\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>조용하다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>도서관이 조용해요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>형용사\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>건강하다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>할머니가 건강해요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>형용사\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>필요하다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>시간이 필요해요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>동사는 행동을, 형용사는 상태나 성질을 나타냅니다. 두 종류 모두 공손한 현재형에서는 \u003Cstrong>해요\u003C\u002Fstrong>로 활용할 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>하다 형용사는 보통 \u003Cstrong>-지 않아요\u003C\u002Fstrong>로 부정합니다. \u003Cstrong>조용하다 → 조용하지 않아요\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>건강하다 → 건강하지 않아요\u003C\u002Fstrong>라고 합니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>필요하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 \u003Cstrong>필요 없어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>라고 합니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-5\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>좋아요와 좋아해요\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>좋다\u003C\u002Fstrong>와 \u003Cstrong>좋아하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 모양이 비슷하지만 문장 구조가 다릅니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>날씨가 \u003Cstrong>좋아요\u003C\u002Fstrong>. → 날씨의 상태가 좋습니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>저는 봄을 \u003Cstrong>좋아해요\u003C\u002Fstrong>. → 제가 봄을 좋아하는 마음을 말합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>이 노래가 \u003Cstrong>좋아요\u003C\u002Fstrong>. → 이 노래에 대한 좋은 느낌을 말합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>저는 이 노래를 \u003Cstrong>좋아해요\u003C\u002Fstrong>. → 좋아하는 대상을 말합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>상태나 느낌을 말하면 \u003Cstrong>좋아요\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 씁니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>누가 무엇을 좋아하는지 말할 때는 \u003Cstrong>좋아해요\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 씁니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>좋아해요 앞의 대상에는 보통 \u003Cstrong>을\u002F를\u003C\u002Fstrong>을 붙입니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>좋아하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 \u003Cstrong>좋아 안 해요\u003C\u002Fstrong>처럼 나누지 않습니다. \u003Cstrong>안 좋아해요\u003C\u002Fstrong> 또는 \u003Cstrong>좋아하지 않아요\u003C\u002Fstrong>라고 말합니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-6\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">6.\u003C\u002Fspan>활용 확인표\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>확인할 것\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>기억할 내용\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>기본형\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>활동 명사 뒤에 하다가 붙는 동사가 많습니다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>현재형\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>하다는 \u003Cstrong>해요\u003C\u002Fstrong>가 됩니다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>과거형\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>하다는 \u003Cstrong>했어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>가 됩니다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>활동 동사 부정\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>공부 안 해요\u003C\u002Fstrong> 또는 \u003Cstrong>공부하지 않아요\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 씁니다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>하다 형용사 부정\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>조용하지 않아요\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 기본으로 씁니다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>합니다체\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>평서문은 \u003Cstrong>공부합니다\u003C\u002Fstrong>, 질문은 **공부합니까?**입니다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>공손한 요청·권유\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>공부하세요\u003C\u002Fstrong>라고 합니다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>용언 종류\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>하다 동사와 하다 형용사가 모두 있습니다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>활동 명사와 \u003Cstrong>하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>가 붙은 동사는 앞부분과 \u003Cstrong>하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 나누어 보면 됩니다. 하다 부분의 모양을 바꾸면 여러 문장을 쉽게 만들 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",[1676,1680,1684,1688,1692,1696],{"id":1677,"text":1678,"depth":16,"number":1679},"section","명사와 하다가 만나요","1",{"id":1681,"text":1682,"depth":16,"number":1683},"section-2","하다에서 해요 만들기","2",{"id":1685,"text":1686,"depth":16,"number":1687},"section-3","시간과 긍정·부정 나타내기","3",{"id":1689,"text":1690,"depth":16,"number":1691},"section-4","동사와 형용사 구별하기","4",{"id":1693,"text":1694,"depth":16,"number":1695},"section-5","좋아요와 좋아해요","5",{"id":1697,"text":1698,"depth":16,"number":1699},"section-6","활용 확인표","6"]