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정보 초점","eosun-idong-gwa-jeongbo-chojeom",165,{"id":836,"title":837,"slug":838,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":839},"01a07863-dab5-740e-83b8-33f381df3c93","조사 결합과 의미 범위","josa-gyeolhap-gwa-uimi-beomwi",166,{"id":841,"title":842,"slug":843,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":844},"01a07863-d717-7c49-836e-9cd2147ab799","보조사 '-조차·-마저·-까지도'","bojosa-jocha-majeo-kkajido",167,{"id":846,"title":847,"slug":848,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":849},"01a07863-d987-7c0b-91c8-c3837f99a60f","하오체의 형태와 사용 맥락","haoche-ui-hyeongtae-wa-maengnak",168,{"id":851,"title":852,"slug":853,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":854},"01a07863-d94e-7f7d-bd36-aea815da0959","하게체의 형태와 사용 맥락","hageche-ui-hyeongtae-wa-maengnak",169,{"id":856,"title":857,"slug":858,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":859},"01a07863-d858-74ca-b8ff-d9b13d4b0e74","간접 부탁과 완곡한 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태도","inyong-dongsa-ui-seontaek",195,{"id":987,"title":988,"slug":989,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":990},"01a07863-d70b-7796-861c-b6fde39f3320","비인칭 피동과 책임 회피","biinching-pidong-gwa-chaegim-hoepi",196,{"id":992,"title":993,"slug":994,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":995},"01a07863-dbfe-7715-a73d-d97b70250059","사동 구문과 책임의 범위","sadong-gumun-gwa-chaegim-beomwi",197,{"id":997,"title":998,"slug":999,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1000},"01a07863-dba0-7c89-90d4-2eef83532006","높임 표현의 충돌과 우선순위","nopim-pyohyeon-ui-chungdol",198,{"id":1002,"title":1003,"slug":1004,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1005},"01a07863-db20-75e4-9e91-1851bedaec66","말하기 등급의 전환과 관계 재조정","malhagi-deunggeup-ui-jeonhwan",199,{"id":1007,"title":1008,"slug":1009,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1010},"01a07863-dcba-7864-9960-b92f40934922","완곡어법과 체면 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차이","jeongdoseong-geukdanseong-ui-chai",215,{"id":1087,"title":1088,"slug":1089,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1091},"01a07863-d96c-7023-bb30-3a3d8f787aa2","한글 맞춤법의 역사적 변화","hangeul-matchumbeop-ui-yeoksajeok-byeonhwa","C2",216,{"id":1093,"title":1094,"slug":1095,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1096},"01a07863-db03-771f-a039-b9257e399114","중세 한국어 문법의 현대 한국어 흔적","jungse-hangugeo-munbeop-ui-heunjeok",217,{"id":1098,"title":1099,"slug":1100,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1101},"01a07863-da9b-74e0-aa05-b70e5e015c3d","지역·세대·사용역에 따른 발음 변이","jiyeok-sedae-sayongyeok-bareum-byeoni",218,{"id":1103,"title":1104,"slug":1105,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1106},"01a07863-d8dd-7b49-bcf9-020299f60a53","고전 문헌의 말하기 등급","gojeon-munheon-ui-malhagi-deunggeup",219,{"id":1108,"title":1109,"slug":1110,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1111},"01a07863-d8e4-7f0a-9847-6e75a50aa53d","고전적 높임 표현과 현대의 잔존형","gojeonjeok-nopim-pyohyeon",220,{"id":1113,"title":1114,"slug":1115,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1116},"01a07863-d6d4-7878-ad37-a4982f125903","방언의 말하기 등급과 사회적 의미","bangeon-ui-malhagi-deunggeup",221,{"id":1118,"title":1119,"slug":1120,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1121},"01a07863-d80d-7c71-85f6-c3236a70cc6b","언어 형식의 사회적 지표성","eoneo-hyeongsik-ui-sahoejeok-jipyoseong",222,{"id":1123,"title":1124,"slug":1125,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1126},"01a07863-d737-779b-ad54-78d521a176d0","복합 사용역과 문체 혼합","bokhap-sayongyeok-gwa-munche-honhap",223,{"id":1128,"title":1129,"slug":1130,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1131},"01a07863-da4d-7c0e-aee9-47ad0c32ab41","전달 정보의 증거성과 화자 개입","jeondal-jeongbo-jeunggeoseong-hwaja-gaeip",224,{"id":1133,"title":1134,"slug":1135,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1136},"01a07863-d9f3-784c-8444-b4e48a91a5f4","인식·당위·능력 양태의 중첩","insik-dangwi-neungnyeok-yangtae-jungcheop",225,{"id":1138,"title":1139,"slug":1140,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1141},"01a07863-d87d-7421-a10d-016685c3019e","극도로 중첩된 종속 구조","geukdoro-jungcheopdoen-jongsok-gujo",226,{"id":1143,"title":1144,"slug":1145,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1146},"01a07863-db6c-76c8-9d8d-1bf0ff302356","명사구 내부의 다중 수식 범위","myeongsagu-naebu-dajung-susik-beomwi",227,{"id":1148,"title":1149,"slug":1150,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1151},"01a07863-d7a7-7713-b582-4635b340fb8c","다층 인용과 발화 책임","dachung-inyong-gwa-balhwa-chaegim",228,{"id":1153,"title":1154,"slug":1155,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1156},"01a07863-dc93-7bf7-baaf-646f405d0a93","통사적 중의성과 구조 해석","tongsajeok-junguiseong-gujo-haeseok",229,{"id":1158,"title":1159,"slug":1160,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1161},"01a07863-d747-7d02-9170-02c9242f260d","부정의 범위와 중의성","bujeong-ui-beomwi-wa-junguiseong",230,{"id":1163,"title":1164,"slug":1165,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1166},"01a07863-dc82-74cf-aed9-03ef012ba1ae","수량사의 작용역과 범위","suryangsa-ui-jagyongyeok-gwa-beomwi",231,{"id":1168,"title":1169,"slug":1170,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1171},"01a07863-d7c0-7033-8973-1acd78835224","다중 주제 구조와 화제 계층","dajung-juje-gujo-hwaje-gyecheung",232,{"id":1173,"title":1174,"slug":1175,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1176},"01a07863-db0f-7d14-b181-22045286272f","좌측·우측 전위와 담화 기능","jwacheuk-ucheuk-jeonwi",233,{"id":1178,"title":1179,"slug":1180,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1181},"01a07863-d75d-772e-9d3e-5b6275433f2d","분열문과 초점 구조","bunyeolmun-gwa-chojeom-gujo",234,{"id":1183,"title":1184,"slug":1185,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1186},"01a07863-dc88-7813-ac0c-b5506052d4fc","수사적 생략과 여백의 효과","susajeok-saengnyak-gwa-yeobaek",235,{"id":1188,"title":1189,"slug":1190,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1191},"01a07863-dc1b-7dc0-832f-4f108853f305","상호 텍스트성과 변형 인용","sangho-tekseuteuseong-byeonhyeong-inyong",236,{"id":1193,"title":1194,"slug":1195,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1196},"01a07863-d979-798b-b0e1-1f25c0511cbb","한자어 중심 문체의 압축성","hanjaeo-jungsim-munche-ui-apchukseong",237,{"id":1198,"title":1199,"slug":1200,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1201},"01a07863-d6ec-7d59-96d2-3ffd339ca6c2","법률·행정 문체의 문법","beomnyul-haengjeong-munche-ui-munbeop",238,{"id":1203,"title":1204,"slug":1205,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1206},"01a07863-d95e-724f-aebc-136eef75e32d","학술 문체의 고도 명사화","haksul-munche-ui-godo-myeongsahwa",239,{"id":1208,"title":1209,"slug":1210,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1211},"01a07863-db4f-75fe-832e-52c746aeace4","문학 서사의 시점과 화자","munhak-seosa-ui-sijeom-gwa-hwaja",240,{"id":1213,"title":1214,"slug":1215,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1216},"01a07863-da34-7109-a69e-dcc4f425ced7","자유 간접 화법과 의식의 표현","jayu-ganjeop-hwabeop",241,{"id":1218,"title":1219,"slug":1220,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1221},"01a07863-dc71-7158-bad9-cc4b5c91a482","속담·관용구의 변형과 재맥락화","sokdam-gwanyonggu-byeonhyeong",242,{"id":1223,"title":1224,"slug":1225,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1226},"01a07863-dcb3-7256-be14-3efead0203a1","의성어·의태어의 파생과 활용","uiseongeo-uitaeeo-pasaeng-hwaryong",243,{"id":1228,"title":1229,"slug":1230,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1231},"01a07863-dc69-7a26-9a3b-aaffc3c91e21","신조어의 파생 문법과 확장","sinjoeo-ui-pasaeng-munbeop",244,{"id":1233,"title":1234,"slug":1235,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1236},"01a07863-db09-7a45-a9a7-3b2525079877","중의성과 응집성을 다듬는 고급 퇴고","junguiseong-eungjipseong-gogeup-toego",245,{"id":691,"title":692,"slug":693,"seoDescription":1238,"content":1239,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":694,"grammarTopics":1240,"createdAt":1246,"updatedAt":1247,"vocabularyLists":1248,"primaryTopicHub":1711,"readyImages":1713},"과거 장면을 회상하며 진행·반복·미완료를 드러내는 -던과 완료되거나 현재와 단절된 경험을 나타내는 -았\u002F었던을 배웁니다. 읽던 책, 읽었던 책, 자주 가던 카페 같은 예로 관점 차이를 익히고, 단순 과거 관형형 -(으)ㄴ과의 대비까지 함께 살펴봅니다.","**-던**과 **-았\u002F었던**은 모두 과거를 돌아보며 뒤의 명사를 꾸밉니다. 그러나 -던은 과거 장면 속의 진행·반복·미완료를 열어 두고, -았\u002F었던은 완료된 경험이나 현재와 거리가 생긴 상태를 더 뚜렷하게 보여 줍니다. **-던**은 회상을 나타내는 **-더-**와 관형형 **-ㄴ**이 결합한 형태이므로, 과거 장면을 다시 보는 느낌이 납니다.\n\n## 1. 과거 장면을 안에서 바라보기\n\n단순 과거 관형형이 사건을 바깥에서 완료된 사실로 제시한다면, 회상형은 화자가 기억 속 장면으로 돌아가 그때의 과정이나 상태를 보여 줍니다.\n\n:::example\n- 어제 **읽은 책** → 읽은 사실과 완료된 대상을 말함\n- 어제 **읽던 책** → 어제 읽는 중이던 장면을 회상함\n- 전에 **읽었던 책** → 과거에 읽어 본 완료 경험을 떠올림\n:::\n\n| 형태 | 기본 관점 | 자주 드러나는 의미 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| -(으)ㄴ (동사) | 완료된 과거 사실 | 사건·대상의 확인 |\n| -던 | 과거 장면 내부 | 진행, 반복, 미완료 |\n| -았\u002F었던 | 앞선 완료를 회상 | 경험, 완료, 현재와의 단절 |\n\n:::note\n형용사의 **-(으)ㄴ**은 과거 대응형이 아니라 현재 상태를 나타냅니다. `예쁜 정원`, `조용한 거리`는 지금 예쁘고 조용한 정원·거리라는 뜻입니다. 과거의 형용사 상태를 회상할 때는 `예쁘던 정원`, `예뻤던 정원`처럼 **-던** 또는 **-았\u002F었던**을 씁니다.\n:::\n\n## 2. 진행 중이거나 미완료인 -던\n\n과거의 기준 시점에 행동이 진행 중이었거나 끝까지 완료되지 않았음을 암시할 수 있습니다.\n\n:::example\n- 아까 **마시던 커피**가 어디에 있지요?\n- 제가 **쓰던 보고서**를 동료가 마무리했어요.\n- 아이가 **만들던 모형**이 책상 위에 남아 있어요.\n:::\n\n이 예문에서 커피를 다 마셨거나 보고서를 다 썼다고 말하지 않습니다. 다만 -던 자체가 언제나 미완료를 확정하는 것은 아니므로 뒤 문맥을 함께 봐야 합니다.\n\n:::note\n**읽던 책을 다 읽었어요**처럼 뒤 절에서 완료를 말할 수 있습니다. -던은 앞선 기준 시점의 진행 상태를 보여 줄 뿐, 이후의 완료 가능성을 막지 않습니다.\n:::\n\n## 3. 반복과 지속을 회상하는 -던\n\n과거에 반복되던 습관이나 일정 기간 이어진 상태에도 -던을 사용합니다.\n\n| 과거의 성격 | 예문 | 해석 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 반복 습관 | 자주 **가던 카페** | 과거에 여러 번 감 |\n| 지속된 생활 | 예전에 **살던 집** | 일정 기간 거주함 |\n| 반복 행동 | 매일 **듣던 노래** | 습관적으로 들음 |\n| 지속 상태 | 늘 **조용하던 거리** | 과거에 조용한 상태가 이어짐 |\n\n:::tip\n**자주, 매일, 늘, 어릴 때** 같은 시간 표현이 있으면 반복·지속의 -던 의미를 쉽게 확인할 수 있습니다.\n:::\n\n## 4. 완료와 단절을 나타내는 -았\u002F었던\n\n**-았\u002F었던**은 행동이 이미 완료되었거나 과거 상태가 현재와 달라졌다는 느낌을 줄 수 있습니다.\n\n:::example\n- 전에 한 번 **만났던 사람**에게서 연락이 왔어요.\n- 대학 때 **살았던 동네**를 다시 방문했어요.\n- 예전에 아주 **유명했던 배우**가 방송에 나왔어요.\n- 제가 어제 **끝냈던 보고서**를 다시 수정해야 해요.\n:::\n\n| 표현 | 자연스러운 초점 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 살던 집 | 그곳에서 살던 생활과 장면 |\n| 살았던 집 | 과거 거주 경험, 현재는 살지 않을 가능성 |\n| 예쁘던 정원 | 과거에 이어지던 아름다운 상태의 회상 |\n| 예뻤던 정원 | 과거에는 예뻤으나 지금은 다를 수 있음 |\n\n## 5. 동사·형용사·명사에 연결하기\n\n| 서술어 종류 | -던 | -았\u002F었던 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 동작 동사 | 먹던 음식 | 먹었던 음식 |\n| 상태 형용사 | 따뜻하던 날 | 따뜻했던 날 |\n| 명사 + `이다` | 학생이던 시절, 의사이던(의사던) 사람 | 학생이었던 시절, 의사이었던(의사였던) 사람 |\n\n`이-`는 받침 유무에 따라 달라지는 이형태가 아니라 선택적으로 줄어들 수 있습니다. 따라서 `의사이던`과 `의사던`, `의사이었던`과 `의사였던`은 각각 같은 뜻으로 쓸 수 있습니다.\n\n### 부정 표현과 다른 관형형\n\n`-던`은 부정 표현과 `있다\u002F없다`에도 붙어 과거에 이어지거나 반복된 상태를 회상할 수 있습니다. 반면 `-(으)ㄹ`은 앞으로의 일, 예정, 가능성을 나타내므로 회상형이 아닙니다.\n\n| 표현 | 예문 | 초점 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| `있다` + `-던` | 전에 있던 문제 | 과거에 존재하던 상태 |\n| `없다` + `-던` | 없던 문제 | 전에는 없었던 상태 |\n| 안 먹다 + `-던` | 안 먹던 음식 | 과거에 먹지 않던 습관·상태 |\n| 하지 않다 + `-던` | 하지 않던 일 | 과거에 하지 않던 일 |\n| `-(으)ㄹ` | 내일 먹을 음식 | 미래·예정의 대상 |\n\n:::warning\n한 번 완료된 사실만 말하면서 진행이나 반복의 문맥이 없다면 -던이 어색할 수 있습니다.\n\n완료 사실: 어제 제가 **산 가방**\n\n구매 경험 회상: 전에 제가 **샀던 가방**\n\n진행·반복의 장면이 없는 한 번의 어제 구매에는 `✗ 어제 제가 사던 가방`이라고 하지 않습니다.\n:::\n\n## 6. 선택 기준 정리\n\n1. 과거 장면의 진행 중 모습을 보여 주면 **-던**을 씁니다.\n2. 반복된 습관이나 지속 상태를 회상해도 **-던**을 씁니다.\n3. 완료된 경험이나 현재와의 단절을 강조하면 **-았\u002F었던**을 씁니다.\n4. 회상보다 객관적인 완료 사실이 중심이면 **-(으)ㄴ**을 고려합니다.\n\n두 형태가 모두 가능한 문장에서는 무엇을 더 부각하는지로 선택합니다.\n\n| 문장 | 해석의 초점 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 전에 `살던 집` | 그 집에서 이어지던 생활과 기억 |\n| 전에 `살았던 집` | 과거 거주 경험, 지금은 떠난 사실 |\n| 어제 `읽던 책` | 어제 읽는 중이던 장면, 이후에 다 읽었을 수도 있음 |\n| 어제 `읽었던 책` | 어제 이미 읽은 완료 경험 |\n| `예쁘던 정원` \u002F `예뻤던 정원` | 생생히 회상하는 과거 상태 \u002F 지금과 달라졌을 수 있는 과거 상태 |\n\n완료 여부만 보지 말고 화자가 과거 장면을 어느 지점에서 바라보는지 확인해야 세 형태를 정확하게 구별할 수 있습니다.",[1241],{"id":1242,"name":1243,"level":683,"language":9,"isCompleted":1244,"completionPercentage":1245,"totalExercises":56,"completedExercises":1245},"01a09c0b-58b8-7e1d-87bd-84df223dcbef","회상과 사건의 시간 관점",false,0,"2026-09-06T20:23:24+00:00","2026-10-11T12:53:37+00:00",[1249],{"id":1250,"title":1251,"vocabularyListWords":1252,"isPublished":1265},"01a07865-2c4b-78c7-b518-4dfa948691d4","회상과 완료를 나타내는 던",[1253,1267,1278,1288,1298,1311,1322,1334,1344,1356,1369,1379,1389,1399,1415,1431,1443,1455,1467,1477,1489,1501,1513,1525,1535,1548,1560,1572,1584,1596,1606,1617,1627,1639,1651,1661,1671,1681,1691,1701],{"id":1254,"vocabularyWord":1255,"displayOrder":11},"01a07865-2c4b-7927-b518-4dfa94dc4ccf",{"id":1256,"word":1257,"frequency":41,"level":683,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1258,"partsOfSpeech":1259,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1266},"01a07864-2604-725f-9b1a-0d34733fa589","던","tts_ef2d79108dca222e_ko-KR.mp3",[1260],{"id":1261,"partOfSpeech":1262,"definition":1263,"exampleSentences":1264,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-2642-7981-9a68-d0871cfecce9","PHRASE","과거에 반복되었거나 진행 중이던 일을 떠올려 명사를 꾸미는 표현.","예전에 살던 동네를 다시 찾아갔어요.",true,"\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_ef2d79108dca222e_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1268,"vocabularyWord":1269,"displayOrder":16},"01a07865-2c4b-7957-b518-4dfa95176348",{"id":1270,"word":1271,"frequency":41,"level":452,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1272,"partsOfSpeech":1273,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1277},"01a07864-25a1-75e6-ac0b-e94c41a98c62","았\u002F었던","tts_3a10390e0c76d2ff_ko-KR.mp3",[1274],{"id":1275,"partOfSpeech":1262,"definition":1276,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-25af-7249-8ba5-6b13950298b6","","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_3a10390e0c76d2ff_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1279,"vocabularyWord":1280,"displayOrder":21},"01a07865-2c4b-797b-b518-4dfa95b7d5e8",{"id":1281,"word":1282,"frequency":56,"level":452,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1283,"partsOfSpeech":1284,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1287},"01a07864-2625-7dab-a30c-d4bac2a6407b","은\u002Fㄴ","tts_decb891becb4f2ff_ko-KR.mp3",[1285],{"id":1286,"partOfSpeech":1262,"definition":1276,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-2646-730e-8068-e274c8d6aa54","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_decb891becb4f2ff_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1289,"vocabularyWord":1290,"displayOrder":26},"01a07865-2c4b-799b-b518-4dfa969fa5ca",{"id":1291,"word":1292,"frequency":56,"level":211,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1293,"partsOfSpeech":1294,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1297},"01a07864-261c-7e08-a471-0476445315ac","을\u002Fㄹ","tts_b263dc8e776479cd_ko-KR.mp3",[1295],{"id":1296,"partOfSpeech":1262,"definition":1276,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-2645-73d1-b486-7ed05af8cebf","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_b263dc8e776479cd_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1299,"vocabularyWord":1300,"displayOrder":31},"01a09a7d-61b0-766a-bd40-5588b03e121e",{"id":1301,"word":1302,"frequency":56,"level":211,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1303,"partsOfSpeech":1304,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1310},"01a07864-23c3-71eb-a416-98ecc9e685d2","더","tts_62a39c0be0c9cfaf_ko-KR.mp3",[1305],{"id":1306,"partOfSpeech":1307,"definition":1308,"exampleSentences":1309,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-23e7-7626-b488-6f1a5118581e","ADVERB","지금보다 정도나 수량이 많거나 높아짐을 나타내는 말.","이 길이 저 길보다 더 짧아요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_62a39c0be0c9cfaf_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1312,"vocabularyWord":1313,"displayOrder":36},"01a07865-2c4b-79cb-b518-4dfa9749e53d",{"id":1314,"word":1315,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1316,"partsOfSpeech":1317,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1321},"01a07864-23d4-7500-8ed0-242575925d0e","이다","tts_a109c910ecd5f3f5_ko-KR.mp3",[1318],{"id":1319,"partOfSpeech":1320,"definition":1276,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-23e8-7f8b-a7b1-1cdb3d1ba0e0","VERB","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_a109c910ecd5f3f5_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1323,"vocabularyWord":1324,"displayOrder":41},"01a09a7d-61b0-769a-bd40-5588b0a94d05",{"id":1325,"word":1326,"frequency":51,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1327,"partsOfSpeech":1328,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1333},"01a07864-2280-7320-a716-4c1ca2b9fc18","읽다","tts_62263be792768fb7_ko-KR.mp3",[1329],{"id":1330,"partOfSpeech":1320,"definition":1331,"exampleSentences":1332,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-22b6-7d42-b5cd-01edf893c021","글이나 책에 적힌 내용을 보다.","저는 저녁마다 책을 읽어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_62263be792768fb7_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1335,"vocabularyWord":1336,"displayOrder":46},"01a09a7d-61b0-76ca-bd40-5588b179a5f7",{"id":1337,"word":1338,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1339,"partsOfSpeech":1340,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1343},"01a07864-21d4-7eb3-8445-1ecd77065e7c","살다","tts_33acbcf5f00f5709_ko-KR.mp3",[1341],{"id":1342,"partOfSpeech":1320,"definition":1276,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-2215-7eef-ae08-deda395b4395","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_33acbcf5f00f5709_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1345,"vocabularyWord":1346,"displayOrder":51},"01a09a7d-61b0-76f6-bd40-5588b26abb54",{"id":1347,"word":1348,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1349,"partsOfSpeech":1350,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1355},"01a07864-2296-7390-b8a6-163e21b5b241","먹다","tts_01eb3322b7dba388_ko-KR.mp3",[1351],{"id":1352,"partOfSpeech":1320,"definition":1353,"exampleSentences":1354,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-22b9-704e-8749-6fc5de58f044","음식이나 약을 입에 넣어 삼키다.","저는 아침에 빵을 먹어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_01eb3322b7dba388_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1357,"vocabularyWord":1358,"displayOrder":56},"01a09a7d-61b0-7726-bd40-5588b28ffa39",{"id":1359,"word":1360,"frequency":51,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1361,"partsOfSpeech":1362,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1368},"01a07864-22af-75e3-a184-097b1d649a82","예쁘다","tts_65727c90b3039238_ko-KR.mp3",[1363],{"id":1364,"partOfSpeech":1365,"definition":1366,"exampleSentences":1367,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-22bb-7b54-b371-4ec294f8def0","ADJECTIVE","생김새나 모습이 보기 좋고 아름답다.","봄 공원에 꽃이 아주 예뻐요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_65727c90b3039238_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1370,"vocabularyWord":1371,"displayOrder":61},"01a09a7d-61b0-775e-bd40-5588b2ea3ac3",{"id":1372,"word":1373,"frequency":46,"level":211,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1374,"partsOfSpeech":1375,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1378},"01a07864-244d-7cb1-83d2-dd6745e7be38","따뜻하다","tts_03e0a3ae6bf321cd_ko-KR.mp3",[1376],{"id":1377,"partOfSpeech":1365,"definition":1276,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-2475-73bd-b0d0-2073f9ebc8ef","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_03e0a3ae6bf321cd_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1380,"vocabularyWord":1381,"displayOrder":66},"01a09a7d-61b0-778a-bd40-5588b373e8da",{"id":1382,"word":1383,"frequency":46,"level":211,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1384,"partsOfSpeech":1385,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1388},"01a07864-23ab-7118-b298-13b414c712e3","유명하다","tts_1be13624e9ae5cfc_ko-KR.mp3",[1386],{"id":1387,"partOfSpeech":1320,"definition":1276,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-23e5-713d-9e8a-9c4dec466f39","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_1be13624e9ae5cfc_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1390,"vocabularyWord":1391,"displayOrder":71},"01a09a7d-61b0-77ba-bd40-5588b442b894",{"id":1392,"word":1393,"frequency":46,"level":211,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1394,"partsOfSpeech":1395,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1398},"01a07864-21f7-76f0-8221-6a5b52dc46a4","조용하다","tts_49bb493cca7ea5e2_ko-KR.mp3",[1396],{"id":1397,"partOfSpeech":1320,"definition":1276,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-221a-7d17-82c9-548e46e855aa","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_49bb493cca7ea5e2_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1400,"vocabularyWord":1401,"displayOrder":76},"01a09a7d-61b0-77e6-bd40-5588b46be3fa",{"id":1402,"word":1403,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1404,"partsOfSpeech":1405,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1414},"01a07864-2284-7632-91ba-a359af28856c","있다","tts_17a17cc1e56efc4e_ko-KR.mp3",[1406,1410],{"id":1407,"partOfSpeech":1320,"definition":1408,"exampleSentences":1409,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-22b7-735a-a971-30ad37a88fd4","사람이나 사물이 어떤 장소에 존재하다.","가방 안에 책이 있어요.",{"id":1411,"partOfSpeech":1320,"definition":1412,"exampleSentences":1413,"isPrimary":1244,"meaningOrder":16},"01a07864-22b7-73a6-a971-30ad385c7fac","사람에게 물건, 가족, 시간 등이 있다.","저는 오늘 저녁에 시간이 있어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_17a17cc1e56efc4e_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1416,"vocabularyWord":1417,"displayOrder":81},"01a09a7d-61b0-7816-bd40-5588b514386c",{"id":1418,"word":1419,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1420,"partsOfSpeech":1421,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1430},"01a07864-226c-7f2f-a9cd-6f942d8d91f6","없다","tts_933c93b16a8bb506_ko-KR.mp3",[1422,1426],{"id":1423,"partOfSpeech":1365,"definition":1424,"exampleSentences":1425,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-22b4-7e97-8993-9936e0cd8f8b","사람이나 사물이 존재하지 않다.","냉장고에 우유가 없어요.",{"id":1427,"partOfSpeech":1365,"definition":1428,"exampleSentences":1429,"isPrimary":1244,"meaningOrder":16},"01a07864-22b4-7f17-8993-9936e1ad50f8","사람에게 필요한 물건, 가족, 시간 등이 없다.","저는 오늘 저녁에 시간이 없어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_933c93b16a8bb506_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1432,"vocabularyWord":1433,"displayOrder":86},"01a09a7d-61b0-7842-bd40-5588b5cd8164",{"id":1434,"word":1435,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1436,"partsOfSpeech":1437,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1442},"01a07864-21bb-7e28-840e-e40c9b1dbaca","안","tts_5e378de900906c0a_ko-KR.mp3",[1438],{"id":1439,"partOfSpeech":1307,"definition":1440,"exampleSentences":1441,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-2212-7443-a6cc-f0e48e98df39","동사나 형용사 앞에서 그 행동이나 상태를 부정하는 말.","저는 오늘 커피를 안 마셔요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_5e378de900906c0a_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1444,"vocabularyWord":1445,"displayOrder":91},"01a09a7d-61b0-786e-bd40-5588b69561f7",{"id":1446,"word":1447,"frequency":56,"level":211,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1448,"partsOfSpeech":1449,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1454},"01a07864-23d9-7a8e-8d74-5f27d4d68120","지 않다","tts_c550539a2c596b06_ko-KR.mp3",[1450],{"id":1451,"partOfSpeech":1262,"definition":1452,"exampleSentences":1453,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-23e9-77f8-aaaf-bbe0bca87450","동사나 형용사 뒤에서 그 행동이나 상태를 부정하는 표현.","저는 평일에는 늦게 자지 않아요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_c550539a2c596b06_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1456,"vocabularyWord":1457,"displayOrder":96},"01a09a7d-61b0-789e-bd40-5588b6b4e6ad",{"id":1458,"word":1459,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1460,"partsOfSpeech":1461,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1466},"01a07864-2294-7c27-bf06-9b8e07bfd8a2","마시다","tts_598ba055f59aa195_ko-KR.mp3",[1462],{"id":1463,"partOfSpeech":1320,"definition":1464,"exampleSentences":1465,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-22b8-7da4-b04a-d6983c7d9288","물이나 음료를 입으로 삼키다.","아침마다 물을 한 잔 마셔요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_598ba055f59aa195_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1468,"vocabularyWord":1469,"displayOrder":101},"01a09a7d-61b0-78ca-bd40-5588b729c87b",{"id":1470,"word":1471,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1472,"partsOfSpeech":1473,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1476},"01a07864-24fc-72cf-a369-03d2073a075a","쓰다","tts_644057ff48737f7a_ko-KR.mp3",[1474],{"id":1475,"partOfSpeech":1320,"definition":1276,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-2511-73a4-9dba-9e72a1e64150","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_644057ff48737f7a_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1478,"vocabularyWord":1479,"displayOrder":106},"01a09a7d-61b0-78fa-bd40-5588b7776a12",{"id":1480,"word":1481,"frequency":51,"level":211,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1482,"partsOfSpeech":1483,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1488},"01a07864-23dc-74c7-93b0-bd9213440b66","만들다","tts_e9d056a2f709c390_ko-KR.mp3",[1484],{"id":1485,"partOfSpeech":1320,"definition":1486,"exampleSentences":1487,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-23e9-7c70-aaaf-bbe0bebf7c72","재료를 사용해 물건이나 결과물을 완성하다.","주말에 가족과 김밥을 만들었어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_e9d056a2f709c390_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1490,"vocabularyWord":1491,"displayOrder":111},"01a09a7d-61b0-7926-bd40-5588b836a6ef",{"id":1492,"word":1493,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1494,"partsOfSpeech":1495,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1500},"01a07864-2271-7f3e-88c7-603ebc142616","가다","tts_139dac018d2807c3_ko-KR.mp3",[1496],{"id":1497,"partOfSpeech":1320,"definition":1498,"exampleSentences":1499,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-22b5-7906-a1b1-56fdea275f9d","어떤 곳을 향해 이동하다.","저는 매일 아침 학교에 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예정이나 의도를 실제 결과와 분리해 표현한다.",[1762,1765,1768],{"id":1763,"title":1764,"order":1245,"type":1730},"01a07863-f49b-7dce-87de-964dad20b6d6","과거의 계획과 세 시간점",{"id":1766,"title":1767,"order":11,"type":1730},"01a07863-f4b1-7a3d-845a-4d7210986398","행동 직전과 실제 결과",{"id":1769,"title":1770,"order":16,"type":1737},"01a07863-f4c8-7ea5-863a-f737e11f830d","Building sentences about past plans and intentions",[1772,1778,1782],{"@id":1773,"@type":1774,"id":1728,"grammarPage":1775,"title":1729,"instructions":1776,"displayOrder":1245,"type":1730,"questionCount":76,"blankCount":76,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1777},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07863-fa85-7b6a-8c96-f6c99951349a","GrammarExercise","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a07863-d9b7-713f-84b3-8ae9c967c606","과거 장면의 진행·반복·지속 여부를 살펴 알맞은 표현을 고르세요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_0d9cfa3c-0c81-470b-b0b4-a44c287e7e0d_hero.webp?v=1788726213",{"@id":1779,"@type":1774,"id":1732,"grammarPage":1775,"title":1733,"instructions":1780,"displayOrder":11,"type":1730,"questionCount":81,"blankCount":81,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1781},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07863-fa9e-7d89-8941-a1a9526777b1","완료 사실, 과거 경험, 현재와의 단절, 회상 관점에 맞는 표현을 고르세요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_497e7b62-495d-4aa7-9f91-c15bd4ea9e9e_hero.webp?v=1788726213",{"@id":1783,"@type":1774,"id":1735,"grammarPage":1775,"title":1736,"instructions":1784,"displayOrder":16,"type":1737,"questionCount":66,"blankCount":66,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1785},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07863-fab9-7db9-8cfe-17d2f37000c1","낱말 조각을 알맞은 순서로 눌러 문장을 완성하세요. 쓰지 않는 낱말이 하나씩 있습니다.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_df0eaf39-320c-40cc-8629-a428c381d8fd_hero.webp?v=1788726213",{"id":1728,"grammarPage":1775,"title":1729,"instructions":1776,"seoTitle":1787,"seoDescription":1788,"displayOrder":1245,"type":1730,"questions":1789,"ogImageUrl":1777},"'-던'으로 진행과 반복 회상하기","읽던 책, 마시던 커피처럼 과거에 하다가 멈춘 일이나 되풀이하던 행동을 회상하며 뒤의 명사를 꾸미는 '-던'을 익혀요. 책갈피를 꽂은 책, 반쯤 남은 컵 같은 일상 장면을 읽고 동작의 진행, 반복, 지속 여부를 꼼꼼히 살펴 빈칸마다 알맞은 관형 표현을 골라 넣어요.",[1790],{"id":1791,"sentenceTemplate":1792,"displayOrder":1245,"explanation":1793,"exampleSentence":1794,"blanks":1795},"01a07863-fa85-7eba-8c96-f6c99c848bcb","어제 절반쯤 읽다가 책갈피를 꽂았습니다. 그 __1__ 오늘 다시 펼쳤어요.","어제의 기준 시점에 읽기가 진행 중이었고 절반만 읽었다는 문맥이므로 읽던 책이 알맞습니다.","아침에 풀던 문제를 저녁에 다시 확인했어요.",[1796],{"id":1797,"blankNumber":11,"options":1798},"01a07863-fa85-7e3a-8c96-f6c99bfda4dc",[1799,1802,1805],{"id":1800,"optionText":1801,"isCorrect":1265,"displayOrder":1245},"01a07863-fa85-7d5a-8c96-f6c99a16de7f","읽던 책을",{"id":1803,"optionText":1804,"isCorrect":1244,"displayOrder":11},"01a07863-fa85-7dae-8c96-f6c99b0eb6d8","다 읽은 책을",{"id":1806,"optionText":1807,"isCorrect":1244,"displayOrder":16},"01a07863-fa85-7dfa-8c96-f6c99b63a7bf","다음에 읽을 책을",{"html":1809,"toc":1810},"\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>-던\u003C\u002Fstrong>과 \u003Cstrong>-았\u002F었던\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 모두 과거를 돌아보며 뒤의 명사를 꾸밉니다. 그러나 -던은 과거 장면 속의 진행·반복·미완료를 열어 두고, -았\u002F었던은 완료된 경험이나 현재와 거리가 생긴 상태를 더 뚜렷하게 보여 줍니다. \u003Cstrong>-던\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 회상을 나타내는 **-더-**와 관형형 \u003Cstrong>-ㄴ\u003C\u002Fstrong>이 결합한 형태이므로, 과거 장면을 다시 보는 느낌이 납니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>과거 장면을 안에서 바라보기\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>단순 과거 관형형이 사건을 바깥에서 완료된 사실로 제시한다면, 회상형은 화자가 기억 속 장면으로 돌아가 그때의 과정이나 상태를 보여 줍니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>어제 \u003Cstrong>읽은 책\u003C\u002Fstrong> → 읽은 사실과 완료된 대상을 말함\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>어제 \u003Cstrong>읽던 책\u003C\u002Fstrong> → 어제 읽는 중이던 장면을 회상함\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>전에 \u003Cstrong>읽었던 책\u003C\u002Fstrong> → 과거에 읽어 본 완료 경험을 떠올림\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>형태\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>기본 관점\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>자주 드러나는 의미\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>-(으)ㄴ (동사)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>완료된 과거 사실\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>사건·대상의 확인\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>-던\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>과거 장면 내부\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>진행, 반복, 미완료\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>-았\u002F었던\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>앞선 완료를 회상\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>경험, 완료, 현재와의 단절\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>형용사의 \u003Cstrong>-(으)ㄴ\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 과거 대응형이 아니라 현재 상태를 나타냅니다. \u003Ccode>예쁜 정원\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>조용한 거리\u003C\u002Fcode>는 지금 예쁘고 조용한 정원·거리라는 뜻입니다. 과거의 형용사 상태를 회상할 때는 \u003Ccode>예쁘던 정원\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>예뻤던 정원\u003C\u002Fcode>처럼 \u003Cstrong>-던\u003C\u002Fstrong> 또는 \u003Cstrong>-았\u002F었던\u003C\u002Fstrong>을 씁니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"-\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>진행 중이거나 미완료인 -던\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>과거의 기준 시점에 행동이 진행 중이었거나 끝까지 완료되지 않았음을 암시할 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>아까 \u003Cstrong>마시던 커피\u003C\u002Fstrong>가 어디에 있지요?\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>제가 \u003Cstrong>쓰던 보고서\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 동료가 마무리했어요.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>아이가 \u003Cstrong>만들던 모형\u003C\u002Fstrong>이 책상 위에 남아 있어요.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>이 예문에서 커피를 다 마셨거나 보고서를 다 썼다고 말하지 않습니다. 다만 -던 자체가 언제나 미완료를 확정하는 것은 아니므로 뒤 문맥을 함께 봐야 합니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>읽던 책을 다 읽었어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>처럼 뒤 절에서 완료를 말할 수 있습니다. -던은 앞선 기준 시점의 진행 상태를 보여 줄 뿐, 이후의 완료 가능성을 막지 않습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"--2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>반복과 지속을 회상하는 -던\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>과거에 반복되던 습관이나 일정 기간 이어진 상태에도 -던을 사용합니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>과거의 성격\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>예문\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>해석\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>반복 습관\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>자주 \u003Cstrong>가던 카페\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>과거에 여러 번 감\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>지속된 생활\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>예전에 \u003Cstrong>살던 집\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>일정 기간 거주함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>반복 행동\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>매일 \u003Cstrong>듣던 노래\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>습관적으로 들음\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>지속 상태\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>늘 \u003Cstrong>조용하던 거리\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>과거에 조용한 상태가 이어짐\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>자주, 매일, 늘, 어릴 때\u003C\u002Fstrong> 같은 시간 표현이 있으면 반복·지속의 -던 의미를 쉽게 확인할 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"--3\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>완료와 단절을 나타내는 -았\u002F었던\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>-았\u002F었던\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 행동이 이미 완료되었거나 과거 상태가 현재와 달라졌다는 느낌을 줄 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>전에 한 번 \u003Cstrong>만났던 사람\u003C\u002Fstrong>에게서 연락이 왔어요.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>대학 때 \u003Cstrong>살았던 동네\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 다시 방문했어요.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>예전에 아주 \u003Cstrong>유명했던 배우\u003C\u002Fstrong>가 방송에 나왔어요.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>제가 어제 \u003Cstrong>끝냈던 보고서\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 다시 수정해야 해요.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>표현\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>자연스러운 초점\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>살던 집\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>그곳에서 살던 생활과 장면\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>살았던 집\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>과거 거주 경험, 현재는 살지 않을 가능성\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>예쁘던 정원\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>과거에 이어지던 아름다운 상태의 회상\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>예뻤던 정원\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>과거에는 예뻤으나 지금은 다를 수 있음\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>동사·형용사·명사에 연결하기\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>서술어 종류\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>-던\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>-았\u002F었던\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>동작 동사\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>먹던 음식\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>먹었던 음식\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>상태 형용사\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>따뜻하던 날\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>따뜻했던 날\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>명사 + \u003Ccode>이다\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>학생이던 시절, 의사이던(의사던) 사람\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>학생이었던 시절, 의사이었던(의사였던) 사람\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ccode>이-\u003C\u002Fcode>는 받침 유무에 따라 달라지는 이형태가 아니라 선택적으로 줄어들 수 있습니다. 따라서 \u003Ccode>의사이던\u003C\u002Fcode>과 \u003Ccode>의사던\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>의사이었던\u003C\u002Fcode>과 \u003Ccode>의사였던\u003C\u002Fcode>은 각각 같은 뜻으로 쓸 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"section-3\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.1\u003C\u002Fspan>부정 표현과 다른 관형형\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ccode>-던\u003C\u002Fcode>은 부정 표현과 \u003Ccode>있다\u002F없다\u003C\u002Fcode>에도 붙어 과거에 이어지거나 반복된 상태를 회상할 수 있습니다. 반면 \u003Ccode>-(으)ㄹ\u003C\u002Fcode>은 앞으로의 일, 예정, 가능성을 나타내므로 회상형이 아닙니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>표현\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>예문\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>초점\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Ccode>있다\u003C\u002Fcode> + \u003Ccode>-던\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>전에 있던 문제\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>과거에 존재하던 상태\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Ccode>없다\u003C\u002Fcode> + \u003Ccode>-던\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>없던 문제\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>전에는 없었던 상태\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>안 먹다 + \u003Ccode>-던\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>안 먹던 음식\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>과거에 먹지 않던 습관·상태\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>하지 않다 + \u003Ccode>-던\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>하지 않던 일\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>과거에 하지 않던 일\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Ccode>-(으)ㄹ\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>내일 먹을 음식\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>미래·예정의 대상\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>한 번 완료된 사실만 말하면서 진행이나 반복의 문맥이 없다면 -던이 어색할 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>완료 사실: 어제 제가 \u003Cstrong>산 가방\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>구매 경험 회상: 전에 제가 \u003Cstrong>샀던 가방\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>진행·반복의 장면이 없는 한 번의 어제 구매에는 \u003Ccode>✗ 어제 제가 사던 가방\u003C\u002Fcode>이라고 하지 않습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-4\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">6.\u003C\u002Fspan>선택 기준 정리\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>과거 장면의 진행 중 모습을 보여 주면 \u003Cstrong>-던\u003C\u002Fstrong>을 씁니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>반복된 습관이나 지속 상태를 회상해도 \u003Cstrong>-던\u003C\u002Fstrong>을 씁니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>완료된 경험이나 현재와의 단절을 강조하면 \u003Cstrong>-았\u002F었던\u003C\u002Fstrong>을 씁니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>회상보다 객관적인 완료 사실이 중심이면 \u003Cstrong>-(으)ㄴ\u003C\u002Fstrong>을 고려합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cp>두 형태가 모두 가능한 문장에서는 무엇을 더 부각하는지로 선택합니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>문장\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>해석의 초점\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>전에 \u003Ccode>살던 집\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>그 집에서 이어지던 생활과 기억\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>전에 \u003Ccode>살았던 집\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>과거 거주 경험, 지금은 떠난 사실\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>어제 \u003Ccode>읽던 책\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>어제 읽는 중이던 장면, 이후에 다 읽었을 수도 있음\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>어제 \u003Ccode>읽었던 책\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>어제 이미 읽은 완료 경험\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Ccode>예쁘던 정원\u003C\u002Fcode> \u002F \u003Ccode>예뻤던 정원\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>생생히 회상하는 과거 상태 \u002F 지금과 달라졌을 수 있는 과거 상태\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>완료 여부만 보지 말고 화자가 과거 장면을 어느 지점에서 바라보는지 확인해야 세 형태를 정확하게 구별할 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",[1811,1815,1819,1823,1827,1831,1835],{"id":1812,"text":1813,"depth":16,"number":1814},"section","과거 장면을 안에서 바라보기","1",{"id":1816,"text":1817,"depth":16,"number":1818},"-","진행 중이거나 미완료인 -던","2",{"id":1820,"text":1821,"depth":16,"number":1822},"--2","반복과 지속을 회상하는 -던","3",{"id":1824,"text":1825,"depth":16,"number":1826},"--3","완료와 단절을 나타내는 -았\u002F었던","4",{"id":1828,"text":1829,"depth":16,"number":1830},"section-2","동사·형용사·명사에 연결하기","5",{"id":1832,"text":1833,"depth":21,"number":1834},"section-3","부정 표현과 다른 관형형","5.1",{"id":1836,"text":1837,"depth":16,"number":1838},"section-4","선택 기준 정리","6"]