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정보 초점","eosun-idong-gwa-jeongbo-chojeom",165,{"id":836,"title":837,"slug":838,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":839},"01a07863-dab5-740e-83b8-33f381df3c93","조사 결합과 의미 범위","josa-gyeolhap-gwa-uimi-beomwi",166,{"id":841,"title":842,"slug":843,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":844},"01a07863-d717-7c49-836e-9cd2147ab799","보조사 '-조차·-마저·-까지도'","bojosa-jocha-majeo-kkajido",167,{"id":846,"title":847,"slug":848,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":849},"01a07863-d987-7c0b-91c8-c3837f99a60f","하오체의 형태와 사용 맥락","haoche-ui-hyeongtae-wa-maengnak",168,{"id":851,"title":852,"slug":853,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":854},"01a07863-d94e-7f7d-bd36-aea815da0959","하게체의 형태와 사용 맥락","hageche-ui-hyeongtae-wa-maengnak",169,{"id":856,"title":857,"slug":858,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":859},"01a07863-d858-74ca-b8ff-d9b13d4b0e74","간접 부탁과 완곡한 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태도","inyong-dongsa-ui-seontaek",195,{"id":987,"title":988,"slug":989,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":990},"01a07863-d70b-7796-861c-b6fde39f3320","비인칭 피동과 책임 회피","biinching-pidong-gwa-chaegim-hoepi",196,{"id":992,"title":993,"slug":994,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":995},"01a07863-dbfe-7715-a73d-d97b70250059","사동 구문과 책임의 범위","sadong-gumun-gwa-chaegim-beomwi",197,{"id":997,"title":998,"slug":999,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1000},"01a07863-dba0-7c89-90d4-2eef83532006","높임 표현의 충돌과 우선순위","nopim-pyohyeon-ui-chungdol",198,{"id":1002,"title":1003,"slug":1004,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1005},"01a07863-db20-75e4-9e91-1851bedaec66","말하기 등급의 전환과 관계 재조정","malhagi-deunggeup-ui-jeonhwan",199,{"id":1007,"title":1008,"slug":1009,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1010},"01a07863-dcba-7864-9960-b92f40934922","완곡어법과 체면 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차이","jeongdoseong-geukdanseong-ui-chai",215,{"id":1087,"title":1088,"slug":1089,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1091},"01a07863-d96c-7023-bb30-3a3d8f787aa2","한글 맞춤법의 역사적 변화","hangeul-matchumbeop-ui-yeoksajeok-byeonhwa","C2",216,{"id":1093,"title":1094,"slug":1095,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1096},"01a07863-db03-771f-a039-b9257e399114","중세 한국어 문법의 현대 한국어 흔적","jungse-hangugeo-munbeop-ui-heunjeok",217,{"id":1098,"title":1099,"slug":1100,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1101},"01a07863-da9b-74e0-aa05-b70e5e015c3d","지역·세대·사용역에 따른 발음 변이","jiyeok-sedae-sayongyeok-bareum-byeoni",218,{"id":1103,"title":1104,"slug":1105,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1106},"01a07863-d8dd-7b49-bcf9-020299f60a53","고전 문헌의 말하기 등급","gojeon-munheon-ui-malhagi-deunggeup",219,{"id":1108,"title":1109,"slug":1110,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1111},"01a07863-d8e4-7f0a-9847-6e75a50aa53d","고전적 높임 표현과 현대의 잔존형","gojeonjeok-nopim-pyohyeon",220,{"id":1113,"title":1114,"slug":1115,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1116},"01a07863-d6d4-7878-ad37-a4982f125903","방언의 말하기 등급과 사회적 의미","bangeon-ui-malhagi-deunggeup",221,{"id":1118,"title":1119,"slug":1120,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1121},"01a07863-d80d-7c71-85f6-c3236a70cc6b","언어 형식의 사회적 지표성","eoneo-hyeongsik-ui-sahoejeok-jipyoseong",222,{"id":1123,"title":1124,"slug":1125,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1126},"01a07863-d737-779b-ad54-78d521a176d0","복합 사용역과 문체 혼합","bokhap-sayongyeok-gwa-munche-honhap",223,{"id":1128,"title":1129,"slug":1130,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1131},"01a07863-da4d-7c0e-aee9-47ad0c32ab41","전달 정보의 증거성과 화자 개입","jeondal-jeongbo-jeunggeoseong-hwaja-gaeip",224,{"id":1133,"title":1134,"slug":1135,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1136},"01a07863-d9f3-784c-8444-b4e48a91a5f4","인식·당위·능력 양태의 중첩","insik-dangwi-neungnyeok-yangtae-jungcheop",225,{"id":1138,"title":1139,"slug":1140,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1141},"01a07863-d87d-7421-a10d-016685c3019e","극도로 중첩된 종속 구조","geukdoro-jungcheopdoen-jongsok-gujo",226,{"id":1143,"title":1144,"slug":1145,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1146},"01a07863-db6c-76c8-9d8d-1bf0ff302356","명사구 내부의 다중 수식 범위","myeongsagu-naebu-dajung-susik-beomwi",227,{"id":1148,"title":1149,"slug":1150,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1151},"01a07863-d7a7-7713-b582-4635b340fb8c","다층 인용과 발화 책임","dachung-inyong-gwa-balhwa-chaegim",228,{"id":1153,"title":1154,"slug":1155,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1156},"01a07863-dc93-7bf7-baaf-646f405d0a93","통사적 중의성과 구조 해석","tongsajeok-junguiseong-gujo-haeseok",229,{"id":1158,"title":1159,"slug":1160,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1161},"01a07863-d747-7d02-9170-02c9242f260d","부정의 범위와 중의성","bujeong-ui-beomwi-wa-junguiseong",230,{"id":1163,"title":1164,"slug":1165,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1166},"01a07863-dc82-74cf-aed9-03ef012ba1ae","수량사의 작용역과 범위","suryangsa-ui-jagyongyeok-gwa-beomwi",231,{"id":1168,"title":1169,"slug":1170,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1171},"01a07863-d7c0-7033-8973-1acd78835224","다중 주제 구조와 화제 계층","dajung-juje-gujo-hwaje-gyecheung",232,{"id":1173,"title":1174,"slug":1175,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1176},"01a07863-db0f-7d14-b181-22045286272f","좌측·우측 전위와 담화 기능","jwacheuk-ucheuk-jeonwi",233,{"id":1178,"title":1179,"slug":1180,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1181},"01a07863-d75d-772e-9d3e-5b6275433f2d","분열문과 초점 구조","bunyeolmun-gwa-chojeom-gujo",234,{"id":1183,"title":1184,"slug":1185,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1186},"01a07863-dc88-7813-ac0c-b5506052d4fc","수사적 생략과 여백의 효과","susajeok-saengnyak-gwa-yeobaek",235,{"id":1188,"title":1189,"slug":1190,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1191},"01a07863-dc1b-7dc0-832f-4f108853f305","상호 텍스트성과 변형 인용","sangho-tekseuteuseong-byeonhyeong-inyong",236,{"id":1193,"title":1194,"slug":1195,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1196},"01a07863-d979-798b-b0e1-1f25c0511cbb","한자어 중심 문체의 압축성","hanjaeo-jungsim-munche-ui-apchukseong",237,{"id":1198,"title":1199,"slug":1200,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1201},"01a07863-d6ec-7d59-96d2-3ffd339ca6c2","법률·행정 문체의 문법","beomnyul-haengjeong-munche-ui-munbeop",238,{"id":1203,"title":1204,"slug":1205,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1206},"01a07863-d95e-724f-aebc-136eef75e32d","학술 문체의 고도 명사화","haksul-munche-ui-godo-myeongsahwa",239,{"id":1208,"title":1209,"slug":1210,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1211},"01a07863-db4f-75fe-832e-52c746aeace4","문학 서사의 시점과 화자","munhak-seosa-ui-sijeom-gwa-hwaja",240,{"id":1213,"title":1214,"slug":1215,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1216},"01a07863-da34-7109-a69e-dcc4f425ced7","자유 간접 화법과 의식의 표현","jayu-ganjeop-hwabeop",241,{"id":1218,"title":1219,"slug":1220,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1221},"01a07863-dc71-7158-bad9-cc4b5c91a482","속담·관용구의 변형과 재맥락화","sokdam-gwanyonggu-byeonhyeong",242,{"id":1223,"title":1224,"slug":1225,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1226},"01a07863-dcb3-7256-be14-3efead0203a1","의성어·의태어의 파생과 활용","uiseongeo-uitaeeo-pasaeng-hwaryong",243,{"id":1228,"title":1229,"slug":1230,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1231},"01a07863-dc69-7a26-9a3b-aaffc3c91e21","신조어의 파생 문법과 확장","sinjoeo-ui-pasaeng-munbeop",244,{"id":1233,"title":1234,"slug":1235,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1236},"01a07863-db09-7a45-a9a7-3b2525079877","중의성과 응집성을 다듬는 고급 퇴고","junguiseong-eungjipseong-gogeup-toego",245,{"id":982,"title":983,"slug":984,"seoDescription":1238,"content":1239,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":985,"grammarTopics":1240,"createdAt":1246,"updatedAt":1247,"vocabularyLists":1248,"primaryTopicHub":1758,"readyImages":1760},"C1 수준에서 '말하다', '밝히다', '주장하다', '인정하다', '반박하다' 등 한국어 인용 동사가 전달 내용에 덧붙이는 화자의 평가와 거리를 비교합니다. 발화 행위, 근거, 문체에 맞는 동사와 인용 어미를 골라 출처를 정확하고 공정하게 제시하는 원리를 익힙니다.","인용 동사는 다른 사람의 말을 문장에 연결할 뿐 아니라, 그 말을 현재 화자가 어떻게 해석하고 평가하는지도 보여 줍니다. **말하다**를 **주장하다**, **인정하다**, **밝히다**로 바꾸면 인용 내용은 같아도 발화의 목적, 신뢰에 대한 거리, 사회적 맥락이 달라집니다.\n\n이 글을 마치면 다음을 할 수 있습니다.\n\n- 인용 동사가 표시하는 발화 행위와 화자 태도를 구별할 수 있습니다.\n- 평서·질문·명령·제안에 맞는 인용 동사와 어미를 결합할 수 있습니다.\n- 보도문, 보고서, 학술적 글에서 출처를 공정하게 제시할 수 있습니다.\n- 원발화보다 태도를 과장하거나 약화하는 인용 동사를 피할 수 있습니다.\n\n## 1. 인용 동사는 중립적인 이름표가 아니다\n\n“위원장은 계획을 수정해야 한다고 **말했다**”는 발화 사실을 비교적 중립적으로 전달합니다. 같은 내용을 다른 동사로 옮기면 현재 서술자의 해석이 더해집니다.\n\n| 인용 동사 | 전제되는 발화 행위 | 독자가 받기 쉬운 인상 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **말하다, 전하다** | 내용을 발화·전달함 | 비교적 중립적 |\n| **밝히다, 발표하다** | 공개적으로 분명히 알림 | 공식성·공개성 |\n| **설명하다** | 이유·과정·배경을 풀어 말함 | 이해를 돕는 구조 |\n| **주장하다** | 논쟁 가능한 명제의 타당성을 내세움 | 원화자의 책임, 서술자의 거리 |\n| **강조하다** | 특정 내용을 두드러지게 말함 | 중요성·반복·강세 |\n| **인정하다, 시인하다** | 받아들이기 어려운 사실을 참이라고 수용함 | 선행 부정이나 불리함을 전제하기 쉬움 |\n| **부인하다, 반박하다** | 명제를 거부하거나 반대 근거를 제시함 | 대립 관계 |\n\n:::example\n원발화: “현재 방식에는 구조적인 문제가 있습니다.”\n\n- 전문가는 구조적인 문제가 있다고 **말했다**. → 발화 사실만 보고합니다.\n- 전문가는 구조적인 문제가 있다고 **지적했다**. → 문제점을 짚었다는 평가가 더해집니다.\n- 전문가는 구조적인 문제가 있다고 **주장했다**. → 논쟁 중인 견해로 제시하며 거리를 둡니다.\n- 전문가는 구조적인 문제가 있다고 **강조했다**. → 그 내용을 특히 중요하게 내세웠음을 뜻합니다.\n:::\n\n문맥에 근거가 없다면 강한 동사를 선택하지 않는 것이 좋습니다. 단 한 번 언급한 말을 **강조했다**고 하거나 단순한 정보 제공을 **인정했다**고 바꾸면 원화자의 태도를 왜곡할 수 있습니다.\n\n## 2. 발화 목적에 따른 동사 선택\n\n인용 동사를 고르기 전에 원발화가 무엇을 하려는 말인지 파악해야 합니다.\n\n- 정보를 공개하면 **알리다, 밝히다, 발표하다**를 고려합니다.\n- 이유나 과정을 풀어 이해시키면 **설명하다, 해명하다**를 고려합니다.\n- 입장이나 판단의 타당성을 내세우면 **주장하다, 강조하다, 지적하다**를 고려합니다.\n- 잘못이나 불리한 사실을 받아들이면 **인정하다, 시인하다**를 고려합니다.\n- 앞선 견해에 반대하면 **부인하다, 반박하다**를 고려합니다.\n- 미래 행동을 맡겠다고 하면 **약속하다, 다짐하다**를 고려합니다.\n- 행동을 요구하거나 함께 하자고 하면 **요구하다, 촉구하다, 제안하다, 권고하다**를 고려합니다.\n\n| 가까운 동사 | 중요한 차이 |\n| --- | --- |\n| **인정하다 \u002F 시인하다** | 둘 다 사실을 받아들이지만, **시인하다**는 잘못·혐의처럼 불리한 사실에 더 자주 쓰임 |\n| **부인하다 \u002F 반박하다** | **부인하다**는 명제의 사실성을 거부하고, **반박하다**는 상대 주장에 반대 근거를 제시함 |\n| **설명하다 \u002F 해명하다** | **설명하다**는 이해를 돕고, **해명하다**는 의혹·비판에 답한다는 맥락을 전제함 |\n| **알리다 \u002F 폭로하다** | **알리다**는 중립적 전달이 가능하지만, **폭로하다**는 감춰진 부정적 사실을 드러냈다고 평가함 |\n\n:::warning\n**폭로하다, 실토하다, 둘러대다**처럼 평가가 강한 동사는 원발화와 상황에 충분한 근거가 있을 때만 쓰세요. 이런 동사는 사실 전달을 넘어 비밀성, 잘못, 불성실성에 대한 현재 서술자의 판단을 포함합니다.\n:::\n\n## 3. 문장 유형과 인용 동사의 호응\n\n인용 어미와 동사는 원발화의 문장 유형 및 발화 목적에 맞아야 합니다.\n\n| 원발화 | 인용 형식 | 자연스러운 동사 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| “자료가 부족합니다.” | 자료가 부족하**다고** | 말하다, 설명하다, 지적하다 |\n| “언제 완료됩니까?” | 언제 완료되**느냐고** | 묻다, 질문하다, 확인하다 |\n| “즉시 중단하십시오.” | 즉시 중단하**라고** | 명령하다, 요구하다, 촉구하다 |\n| “다음 주에 다시 논의합시다.” | 다음 주에 다시 논의하**자고** | 제안하다, 요청하다, 합의하다 |\n| “내일까지 보내겠습니다.” | 내일까지 보내겠**다고** | 약속하다, 답하다, 다짐하다 |\n\n동사의 의미가 인용절의 형식을 일부 예측하기도 합니다. **묻다**에는 의문형 인용이, **명령하다**에는 명령형 인용이, **제안하다**에는 청유형 인용이 자연스럽습니다. 그러나 실제 발화 행위는 문장 형식과 항상 일치하지 않습니다.\n\n:::note\n“창문을 닫아 줄 수 있어요?”는 문법적으로 질문이지만 실제로는 부탁일 수 있습니다. 이를 전달할 때 “창문을 닫을 수 있**느냐고 물었다**”와 “창문을 닫아 달**라고 부탁했다**”는 서로 다른 발화 기능을 부각합니다.\n:::\n\n## 4. 화자의 동의와 거리 조절\n\n현재 서술자는 인용 동사를 통해 원발화에 대한 동의, 유보, 반대의 정도를 간접적으로 나타낼 수 있습니다.\n\n| 거리의 효과 | 표현의 예 | 주의점 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 낮은 평가 개입 | **말했다, 전했다, 언급했다** | 맥락을 충분히 보여 주지 못할 수 있음 |\n| 근거·전문성 부각 | **분석했다, 설명했다, 입증했다** | 실제 분석이나 증거가 있어야 함 |\n| 판단을 원화자에게 귀속 | **주장했다, 평가했다, 추정했다** | 불신을 암시하는 효과가 생길 수 있음 |\n| 수용·대립 관계 표시 | **인정했다, 부인했다, 반박했다** | 앞선 주장과 논쟁 맥락이 필요함 |\n\n특히 **주장하다**는 원화자가 견해를 적극적으로 내세운다는 뜻이지만, 보도나 논쟁에서는 “그것은 원화자의 견해이며 현재 서술자가 사실로 보증하지 않는다”는 거리 두기 효과를 낼 수 있습니다. 반대로 **입증하다**는 증거로 참임을 보였다는 강한 판단이므로 단순히 누군가 그렇게 말했다는 사실만으로 사용할 수 없습니다.\n\n:::tip\n원화자의 발화 목적은 분명하지만 그 내용의 참·거짓을 판단할 근거가 부족하다면, 먼저 **말하다, 밝히다, 전하다**처럼 평가 부담이 낮은 동사를 선택하고 필요한 맥락을 별도로 설명하세요.\n:::\n\n## 5. 장르별 인용 동사\n\n장르마다 출처 제시의 목적과 허용되는 평가 강도가 다릅니다.\n\n- **보도문**에서는 누가 무엇을 어떤 자격으로 말했는지 분명해야 합니다. 공식 공개는 **발표하다·밝히다**, 반대 입장은 **반박하다·부인하다**로 구별하되 기자의 추측을 섞지 않습니다.\n- **공적 보고서**에서는 **보고하다·설명하다·확인하다**처럼 절차와 근거를 보여 주는 동사가 유용합니다. 출처가 없는 **알려졌다**는 책임 주체를 흐릴 수 있습니다.\n- **학술적 글**에서는 선행 연구가 무엇을 했는지에 따라 **논의하다·분석하다·제안하다·보고하다·지적하다**를 구별합니다. 연구 결과를 소개하면서 모든 문헌을 **주장하다**로 처리하면 관계가 지나치게 대립적으로 보일 수 있습니다.\n- **일상 대화**에서는 **그러다, 묻다, 부탁하다, 하소연하다, 털어놓다**처럼 관계와 감정을 드러내는 동사가 자연스럽지만, 공식 기록에는 감정 해석의 근거가 필요합니다.\n\n:::example\n**학술적 출처를 단계적으로 제시하기**\n\n- 김(2025)은 학습자의 오류 유형을 **분석했다**. → 연구 행위를 보고합니다.\n- 김(2025)은 입력 빈도가 오류 감소에 영향을 준다고 **보고했다**. → 연구에서 관찰된 결과를 전달합니다.\n- 김(2025)은 후속 연구에서 맥락 변인을 통제해야 한다고 **제안했다**. → 연구자의 권고를 전달합니다.\n:::\n\n## 6. 정확하고 공정하게 인용하기\n\n인용 동사를 선택할 때는 다음 순서로 점검하세요.\n\n1. 원발화가 정보 제공, 질문, 요구, 약속, 평가, 반박 중 무엇을 수행하는지 확인합니다.\n2. 원화자가 실제로 사용한 강도와 감정이 어느 정도였는지 살핍니다.\n3. 선택한 동사가 참·거짓, 비밀성, 잘못, 갈등을 추가로 전제하는지 확인합니다.\n4. 인용 어미가 원발화의 문장 유형과 맞는지 점검합니다.\n5. 현재 서술자의 평가와 원화자의 태도가 구별되어 있는지 확인합니다.\n6. 출처와 근거가 불충분하면 더 중립적인 동사로 낮춥니다.\n\n| 전달 목적 | 우선 고려할 동사 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 평가를 최소화한 기본 전달 | **말하다, 전하다, 언급하다** |\n| 공식적인 정보 공개 | **밝히다, 발표하다, 알리다** |\n| 이유·과정·근거의 제시 | **설명하다, 분석하다, 보고하다** |\n| 논쟁 가능한 견해의 귀속 | **주장하다, 평가하다, 추정하다** |\n| 수용·거부·대립 표시 | **인정하다, 시인하다, 부인하다, 반박하다** |\n| 요청되는 행동의 종류 표시 | **요구하다, 촉구하다, 제안하다, 권고하다** |\n\n인용 동사는 원발화에 붙이는 해석의 틀입니다. **발화 행위, 원화자의 태도, 현재 서술자의 거리, 장르의 관습**을 함께 고려해야 다른 사람의 말을 과장하거나 축소하지 않고 정확하게 전달할 수 있습니다.",[1241],{"id":1242,"name":1243,"level":899,"language":9,"isCompleted":1244,"completionPercentage":1245,"totalExercises":36,"completedExercises":1245},"01a09c0b-58c7-7a84-9833-69e4dc4d031b","인용의 층위와 화자 태도",false,0,"2026-09-06T20:23:24+00:00","2026-10-11T12:53:37+00:00",[1249],{"id":1250,"title":1251,"vocabularyListWords":1252,"isPublished":1265},"01a07865-2c85-7e54-a448-7bbe19802a10","인용 동사와 화자 태도",[1253,1267,1279,1291,1301,1313,1323,1334,1344,1354,1364,1374,1384,1394,1406,1416,1428,1438,1448,1458,1470,1482,1494,1504,1516,1528,1538,1548,1558,1570,1582,1592,1602,1614,1624,1634,1646,1656,1666,1676,1686,1696,1706,1716,1728,1738,1748],{"id":1254,"vocabularyWord":1255,"displayOrder":11},"01a07865-2c85-7efc-a448-7bbe19e9be03",{"id":1256,"word":1257,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1258,"partsOfSpeech":1259,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1266},"01a07864-2292-7a55-bf34-1263ecab98ff","말하다","tts_82b928f007aa837c_ko-KR.mp3",[1260],{"id":1261,"partOfSpeech":1262,"definition":1263,"exampleSentences":1264,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-22b8-7a48-b04a-d6983b3f0147","VERB","생각이나 정보를 소리 내어 표현하다.","천천히 다시 말해 주세요.",true,"\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_82b928f007aa837c_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1268,"vocabularyWord":1269,"displayOrder":16},"01a07865-2c85-7f50-a448-7bbe1a800a8d",{"id":1270,"word":1271,"frequency":51,"level":452,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1272,"partsOfSpeech":1273,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1278},"01a07864-24e7-7db9-b2e2-376834bc8d57","전하다","tts_e1207d08b17d5365_ko-KR.mp3",[1274],{"id":1275,"partOfSpeech":1262,"definition":1276,"exampleSentences":1277,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-250f-7252-b01f-d4815454d743","말이나 소식, 물건을 다른 사람에게 이르게 하다.","회의가 취소됐다는 소식을 모두에게 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대상이나 사실을 말이나 글에서 간단히 다루다.","보고서는 비용 문제를 짧게 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genre.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_ea942995-4bd2-48b3-a3f8-09399c38287b_hero.webp?v=1788726214",{"@id":1811,"@type":1802,"id":1797,"grammarPage":1803,"title":1798,"instructions":1812,"displayOrder":16,"type":1785,"questionCount":66,"blankCount":66,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1813},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07863-fd9e-7529-bdee-a0cc91775ff6","Arrange the tiles to build the requested Korean quotation in the plain written 했다체 used in reports. Every target begins with the named opener; follow any additional slot constraint. Two well-formed rival tiles are not used.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_eb589067-e9b0-4ac6-a3c9-e5d6d3319409_hero.webp?v=1788726214",{"id":1791,"grammarPage":1803,"title":1792,"instructions":1804,"seoTitle":1815,"seoDescription":1816,"displayOrder":1245,"type":1778,"questions":1817,"ogImageUrl":1805},"인용 동사로 발화 행위와 태도 구별","중립적인 말했다, 공식 공개를 뜻하는 발표했다처럼 원발화의 목적과 근거에 맞는 인용 동사를 골라 화자의 태도를 왜곡하지 않고 정확하게 전달해요. 기자 회견과 회의 같은 다양한 장면에서 불리함, 대립, 공개성의 맥락을 꼼꼼히 살펴 빈칸마다 알맞은 인용 동사를 선택해요.",[1818],{"id":1819,"sentenceTemplate":1820,"displayOrder":1245,"explanation":1821,"exampleSentence":1822,"blanks":1823},"01a07863-fd6e-7331-9569-d4dfc109ed87","추가 평가 없이 발화 사실만 중립적으로 전달하려면 “위원장은 계획을 수정해야 한다고 __1__.”가 가장 알맞다.","‘말하다’는 내용을 발화했다는 사실을 비교적 중립적으로 전달하며 별도의 논쟁성이나 잘못을 전제하지 않는다.","근거가 부족할 때는 말하다·전하다처럼 평가 부담이 낮은 동사를 우선 고려한다.",[1824],{"id":1825,"blankNumber":11,"options":1826},"01a07863-fd6e-72ad-9569-d4dfc0c9f94e",[1827,1830,1833],{"id":1828,"optionText":1829,"isCorrect":1265,"displayOrder":1245},"01a07863-fd6e-71c5-9569-d4dfbf9e4cdd","말했다",{"id":1831,"optionText":1832,"isCorrect":1244,"displayOrder":11},"01a07863-fd6e-7221-9569-d4dfc0875c87","시인했다",{"id":1834,"optionText":1835,"isCorrect":1244,"displayOrder":16},"01a07863-fd6e-7269-9569-d4dfc0c1b08d","폭로했다",{"html":1837,"toc":1838},"\u003Cp>인용 동사는 다른 사람의 말을 문장에 연결할 뿐 아니라, 그 말을 현재 화자가 어떻게 해석하고 평가하는지도 보여 줍니다. \u003Cstrong>말하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 \u003Cstrong>주장하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>인정하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>밝히다\u003C\u002Fstrong>로 바꾸면 인용 내용은 같아도 발화의 목적, 신뢰에 대한 거리, 사회적 맥락이 달라집니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>이 글을 마치면 다음을 할 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>인용 동사가 표시하는 발화 행위와 화자 태도를 구별할 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>평서·질문·명령·제안에 맞는 인용 동사와 어미를 결합할 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>보도문, 보고서, 학술적 글에서 출처를 공정하게 제시할 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>원발화보다 태도를 과장하거나 약화하는 인용 동사를 피할 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>인용 동사는 중립적인 이름표가 아니다\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>“위원장은 계획을 수정해야 한다고 \u003Cstrong>말했다\u003C\u002Fstrong>”는 발화 사실을 비교적 중립적으로 전달합니다. 같은 내용을 다른 동사로 옮기면 현재 서술자의 해석이 더해집니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>인용 동사\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>전제되는 발화 행위\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>독자가 받기 쉬운 인상\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>말하다, 전하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>내용을 발화·전달함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>비교적 중립적\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>밝히다, 발표하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>공개적으로 분명히 알림\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>공식성·공개성\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>설명하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>이유·과정·배경을 풀어 말함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>이해를 돕는 구조\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>주장하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>논쟁 가능한 명제의 타당성을 내세움\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>원화자의 책임, 서술자의 거리\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>강조하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>특정 내용을 두드러지게 말함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>중요성·반복·강세\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>인정하다, 시인하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>받아들이기 어려운 사실을 참이라고 수용함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>선행 부정이나 불리함을 전제하기 쉬움\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>부인하다, 반박하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>명제를 거부하거나 반대 근거를 제시함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>대립 관계\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>원발화: “현재 방식에는 구조적인 문제가 있습니다.”\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>전문가는 구조적인 문제가 있다고 \u003Cstrong>말했다\u003C\u002Fstrong>. → 발화 사실만 보고합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>전문가는 구조적인 문제가 있다고 \u003Cstrong>지적했다\u003C\u002Fstrong>. → 문제점을 짚었다는 평가가 더해집니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>전문가는 구조적인 문제가 있다고 \u003Cstrong>주장했다\u003C\u002Fstrong>. → 논쟁 중인 견해로 제시하며 거리를 둡니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>전문가는 구조적인 문제가 있다고 \u003Cstrong>강조했다\u003C\u002Fstrong>. → 그 내용을 특히 중요하게 내세웠음을 뜻합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>문맥에 근거가 없다면 강한 동사를 선택하지 않는 것이 좋습니다. 단 한 번 언급한 말을 \u003Cstrong>강조했다\u003C\u002Fstrong>고 하거나 단순한 정보 제공을 \u003Cstrong>인정했다\u003C\u002Fstrong>고 바꾸면 원화자의 태도를 왜곡할 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>발화 목적에 따른 동사 선택\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>인용 동사를 고르기 전에 원발화가 무엇을 하려는 말인지 파악해야 합니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>정보를 공개하면 \u003Cstrong>알리다, 밝히다, 발표하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 고려합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>이유나 과정을 풀어 이해시키면 \u003Cstrong>설명하다, 해명하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 고려합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>입장이나 판단의 타당성을 내세우면 \u003Cstrong>주장하다, 강조하다, 지적하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 고려합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>잘못이나 불리한 사실을 받아들이면 \u003Cstrong>인정하다, 시인하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 고려합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>앞선 견해에 반대하면 \u003Cstrong>부인하다, 반박하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 고려합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>미래 행동을 맡겠다고 하면 \u003Cstrong>약속하다, 다짐하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 고려합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>행동을 요구하거나 함께 하자고 하면 \u003Cstrong>요구하다, 촉구하다, 제안하다, 권고하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 고려합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>가까운 동사\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>중요한 차이\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>인정하다 \u002F 시인하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>둘 다 사실을 받아들이지만, \u003Cstrong>시인하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 잘못·혐의처럼 불리한 사실에 더 자주 쓰임\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>부인하다 \u002F 반박하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>부인하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 명제의 사실성을 거부하고, \u003Cstrong>반박하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 상대 주장에 반대 근거를 제시함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>설명하다 \u002F 해명하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>설명하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 이해를 돕고, \u003Cstrong>해명하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 의혹·비판에 답한다는 맥락을 전제함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>알리다 \u002F 폭로하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>알리다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 중립적 전달이 가능하지만, \u003Cstrong>폭로하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 감춰진 부정적 사실을 드러냈다고 평가함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>폭로하다, 실토하다, 둘러대다\u003C\u002Fstrong>처럼 평가가 강한 동사는 원발화와 상황에 충분한 근거가 있을 때만 쓰세요. 이런 동사는 사실 전달을 넘어 비밀성, 잘못, 불성실성에 대한 현재 서술자의 판단을 포함합니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-3\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>문장 유형과 인용 동사의 호응\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>인용 어미와 동사는 원발화의 문장 유형 및 발화 목적에 맞아야 합니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>원발화\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>인용 형식\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>자연스러운 동사\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>“자료가 부족합니다.”\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>자료가 부족하\u003Cstrong>다고\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>말하다, 설명하다, 지적하다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>“언제 완료됩니까?”\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>언제 완료되\u003Cstrong>느냐고\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>묻다, 질문하다, 확인하다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>“즉시 중단하십시오.”\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>즉시 중단하\u003Cstrong>라고\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>명령하다, 요구하다, 촉구하다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>“다음 주에 다시 논의합시다.”\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>다음 주에 다시 논의하\u003Cstrong>자고\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>제안하다, 요청하다, 합의하다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>“내일까지 보내겠습니다.”\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>내일까지 보내겠\u003Cstrong>다고\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>약속하다, 답하다, 다짐하다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>동사의 의미가 인용절의 형식을 일부 예측하기도 합니다. \u003Cstrong>묻다\u003C\u002Fstrong>에는 의문형 인용이, \u003Cstrong>명령하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>에는 명령형 인용이, \u003Cstrong>제안하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>에는 청유형 인용이 자연스럽습니다. 그러나 실제 발화 행위는 문장 형식과 항상 일치하지 않습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>“창문을 닫아 줄 수 있어요?”는 문법적으로 질문이지만 실제로는 부탁일 수 있습니다. 이를 전달할 때 “창문을 닫을 수 있\u003Cstrong>느냐고 물었다\u003C\u002Fstrong>”와 “창문을 닫아 달\u003Cstrong>라고 부탁했다\u003C\u002Fstrong>”는 서로 다른 발화 기능을 부각합니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-4\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>화자의 동의와 거리 조절\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>현재 서술자는 인용 동사를 통해 원발화에 대한 동의, 유보, 반대의 정도를 간접적으로 나타낼 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>거리의 효과\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>표현의 예\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>주의점\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>낮은 평가 개입\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>말했다, 전했다, 언급했다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>맥락을 충분히 보여 주지 못할 수 있음\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>근거·전문성 부각\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>분석했다, 설명했다, 입증했다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>실제 분석이나 증거가 있어야 함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>판단을 원화자에게 귀속\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>주장했다, 평가했다, 추정했다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>불신을 암시하는 효과가 생길 수 있음\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>수용·대립 관계 표시\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>인정했다, 부인했다, 반박했다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>앞선 주장과 논쟁 맥락이 필요함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>특히 \u003Cstrong>주장하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 원화자가 견해를 적극적으로 내세운다는 뜻이지만, 보도나 논쟁에서는 “그것은 원화자의 견해이며 현재 서술자가 사실로 보증하지 않는다”는 거리 두기 효과를 낼 수 있습니다. 반대로 \u003Cstrong>입증하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 증거로 참임을 보였다는 강한 판단이므로 단순히 누군가 그렇게 말했다는 사실만으로 사용할 수 없습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>원화자의 발화 목적은 분명하지만 그 내용의 참·거짓을 판단할 근거가 부족하다면, 먼저 \u003Cstrong>말하다, 밝히다, 전하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>처럼 평가 부담이 낮은 동사를 선택하고 필요한 맥락을 별도로 설명하세요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-5\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>장르별 인용 동사\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>장르마다 출처 제시의 목적과 허용되는 평가 강도가 다릅니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>보도문\u003C\u002Fstrong>에서는 누가 무엇을 어떤 자격으로 말했는지 분명해야 합니다. 공식 공개는 \u003Cstrong>발표하다·밝히다\u003C\u002Fstrong>, 반대 입장은 \u003Cstrong>반박하다·부인하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>로 구별하되 기자의 추측을 섞지 않습니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>공적 보고서\u003C\u002Fstrong>에서는 \u003Cstrong>보고하다·설명하다·확인하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>처럼 절차와 근거를 보여 주는 동사가 유용합니다. 출처가 없는 \u003Cstrong>알려졌다\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 책임 주체를 흐릴 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>학술적 글\u003C\u002Fstrong>에서는 선행 연구가 무엇을 했는지에 따라 \u003Cstrong>논의하다·분석하다·제안하다·보고하다·지적하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 구별합니다. 연구 결과를 소개하면서 모든 문헌을 \u003Cstrong>주장하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>로 처리하면 관계가 지나치게 대립적으로 보일 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>일상 대화\u003C\u002Fstrong>에서는 \u003Cstrong>그러다, 묻다, 부탁하다, 하소연하다, 털어놓다\u003C\u002Fstrong>처럼 관계와 감정을 드러내는 동사가 자연스럽지만, 공식 기록에는 감정 해석의 근거가 필요합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>학술적 출처를 단계적으로 제시하기\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>김(2025)은 학습자의 오류 유형을 \u003Cstrong>분석했다\u003C\u002Fstrong>. → 연구 행위를 보고합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>김(2025)은 입력 빈도가 오류 감소에 영향을 준다고 \u003Cstrong>보고했다\u003C\u002Fstrong>. → 연구에서 관찰된 결과를 전달합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>김(2025)은 후속 연구에서 맥락 변인을 통제해야 한다고 \u003Cstrong>제안했다\u003C\u002Fstrong>. → 연구자의 권고를 전달합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-6\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">6.\u003C\u002Fspan>정확하고 공정하게 인용하기\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>인용 동사를 선택할 때는 다음 순서로 점검하세요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>원발화가 정보 제공, 질문, 요구, 약속, 평가, 반박 중 무엇을 수행하는지 확인합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>원화자가 실제로 사용한 강도와 감정이 어느 정도였는지 살핍니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>선택한 동사가 참·거짓, 비밀성, 잘못, 갈등을 추가로 전제하는지 확인합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>인용 어미가 원발화의 문장 유형과 맞는지 점검합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>현재 서술자의 평가와 원화자의 태도가 구별되어 있는지 확인합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>출처와 근거가 불충분하면 더 중립적인 동사로 낮춥니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>전달 목적\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>우선 고려할 동사\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>평가를 최소화한 기본 전달\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>말하다, 전하다, 언급하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>공식적인 정보 공개\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>밝히다, 발표하다, 알리다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>이유·과정·근거의 제시\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>설명하다, 분석하다, 보고하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>논쟁 가능한 견해의 귀속\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>주장하다, 평가하다, 추정하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>수용·거부·대립 표시\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>인정하다, 시인하다, 부인하다, 반박하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>요청되는 행동의 종류 표시\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>요구하다, 촉구하다, 제안하다, 권고하다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>인용 동사는 원발화에 붙이는 해석의 틀입니다. \u003Cstrong>발화 행위, 원화자의 태도, 현재 서술자의 거리, 장르의 관습\u003C\u002Fstrong>을 함께 고려해야 다른 사람의 말을 과장하거나 축소하지 않고 정확하게 전달할 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",[1839,1843,1847,1851,1855,1859],{"id":1840,"text":1841,"depth":16,"number":1842},"section","인용 동사는 중립적인 이름표가 아니다","1",{"id":1844,"text":1845,"depth":16,"number":1846},"section-2","발화 목적에 따른 동사 선택","2",{"id":1848,"text":1849,"depth":16,"number":1850},"section-3","문장 유형과 인용 동사의 호응","3",{"id":1852,"text":1853,"depth":16,"number":1854},"section-4","화자의 동의와 거리 조절","4",{"id":1856,"text":1857,"depth":16,"number":1858},"section-5","장르별 인용 동사","5",{"id":1860,"text":1861,"depth":16,"number":1862},"section-6","정확하고 공정하게 인용하기","6"]