[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-page-ko-itda-eopda":3,"grammar-exercises-by-page-01a07863-da0d-76ea-a9ed-0379b45b5b3c":330,"exercise-list-path-ko-none":366},{"id":4,"title":5,"slug":6,"seoDescription":7,"content":8,"language":9,"level":10,"displayOrder":11,"grammarTopics":12,"createdAt":18,"updatedAt":19,"vocabularyLists":20,"readyImages":329},"01a07863-da0d-76ea-a9ed-0379b45b5b3c","존재와 소유의 '있다\u002F없다'","itda-eopda","사람이나 사물이 있는지 없는지 말하는 '있어요\u002F없어요'의 기본 쓰임을 배우고, 장소 조사 '-에'와 주격 조사 '-이\u002F가'를 연결해 위치를 표현해요. 가족, 시간, 물건을 가지고 있거나 없는 상황까지 비교하며 존재와 소유를 자연스러운 일상 문장으로 묻고 답해요.","**있어요**는 사람이나 사물이 존재하거나 무엇을 가지고 있다는 뜻이에요. **없어요**는 존재하지 않거나 가지고 있지 않다는 뜻이에요.\n\n이 글을 읽고 나면 다음을 할 수 있어요.\n\n- 사람이나 사물의 존재를 말해요.\n- 어디에 있는지 장소와 함께 표현해요.\n- 가지고 있는 것과 없는 것을 묻고 답해요.\n\n## 1. 있는지 없는지 말해요\n\n존재하는 대상에는 주격 조사 **-이\u002F가**를 붙이고, 뒤에 **있어요\u002F없어요**를 써요.\n\n| 대상의 끝 | 기본 형태 | 예 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 받침 있음 | 명사 + **이 있어요\u002F없어요** | 책**이 있어요**. |\n| 받침 없음 | 명사 + **가 있어요\u002F없어요** | 의자**가 없어요**. |\n\n:::example\n**상황:** 교실 안을 살펴봐요.\n\n- 학생**이 있어요**.\n- 선생님**이 있어요**.\n- 컴퓨터**가 없어요**.\n:::\n\n| 말하는 방법 | 있다 | 없다 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 반말 | 있어 | 없어 |\n| 해요체 | 있어요 | 없어요 |\n| 공손한 말 | 있습니다 | 없습니다 |\n\n:::note\n사람이 주어이고 그 사람을 높여 말할 때는 **있다** 대신 **계시다**를 써요. 선생님이 교실에 **계세요**.\n:::\n\n## 2. 장소를 함께 말해요\n\n존재하는 장소에는 **-에**를 붙여요. 기본 어순은 **장소에 + 대상이\u002F가 + 있어요\u002F없어요**예요.\n\n:::example\n- 교실**에** 학생**이 있어요**.\n- 책상 위**에** 연필**이 있어요**.\n- 냉장고**에** 우유**가 없어요**.\n- 집**에** 고양이**가 있어요**.\n:::\n\n| 위치 말 | 예 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 안 | 가방 안에 책이 있어요. |\n| 밖 | 학교 밖에 버스가 있어요. |\n| 위 | 책상 위에 연필이 있어요. |\n| 아래 | 의자 아래에 고양이가 있어요. |\n| 앞 | 집 앞에 가게가 있어요. |\n| 뒤 | 의자 뒤에 가방이 있어요. |\n| 옆 | 책상 옆에 의자가 있어요. |\n\n:::tip\n어디에서 행동하는 것이 아니라 어디에 존재하는지를 말하므로 **-에서**가 아닌 **-에**를 써요.\n:::\n\n## 3. 소유를 나타내요\n\n한국어에서는 누가 무엇을 가지고 있는지도 **있어요\u002F없어요**로 표현할 수 있어요.\n\n| 소유자 | 가진 대상 | 문장 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 저 | 형 | 저**는** 형**이 있어요**. |\n| 민지 | 자전거 | 민지**는** 자전거**가 있어요**. |\n| 우리 집 | 자동차 | 우리 집**은** 자동차**가 없어요**. |\n| 저 | 시간 | 저**한테** 시간이 있어요. |\n| 민지 | 자전거 | 민지**한테** 자전거가 있어요. |\n\n소유자는 보통 **-은\u002F는**으로 화제를 말하고, **-한테\u002F에게**로 누구에게 있는지 말해요. 가지고 있는 대상은 **-이\u002F가**로 표시해요.\n\n:::note\n“저는 시간이 있어요”는 시간을 소유한다기보다 사용할 시간이 있다는 뜻이에요. **시간이 없어요**도 일상에서 매우 자주 써요.\n:::\n\n## 4. 질문하고 답해요\n\n문장 끝을 올려 말하면 존재나 소유를 물을 수 있어요.\n\n1. 대상을 물으면 **명사 + 이\u002F가 있어요?**를 써요.\n2. 장소를 물으면 **어디에 있어요?**를 써요.\n3. 대답에는 **있어요** 또는 **없어요**를 사용해요.\n\n:::example\n- 가: 가방에 지갑이 있어요?\n- 나: 네, 있어요.\n\n- 가: 화장실이 어디에 있어요?\n- 나: 일 층에 있어요.\n:::\n\n## 5. 있다\u002F없다와 이다\u002F아니다를 구별해요\n\n**있다\u002F없다**는 사람이나 사물이 있는지 말하고, **이다\u002F아니다**는 누구인지 또는 무엇인지 말해요.\n\n| 뜻 | 문장 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 의사가 존재하지 않음 | 이 병원에 의사가 **없어요**. |\n| 그 사람이 의사가 아님 | 그 사람은 의사가 **아니에요**. |\n\n## 6. 자주 틀리는 부분을 확인해요\n\n:::warning\n존재하는 대상 뒤에는 목적격 조사 **-을\u002F를**이 아니라 주격 조사 **-이\u002F가**를 써요. *책을 있어요*가 아니라 **책이 있어요**예요.\n\n✗ 책이 **안 있어요**.\n\n✓ 책이 **없어요**.\n:::\n\n## 7. 한눈에 정리해요\n\n- 존재함: 책**이 있어요**.\n- 존재하지 않음: 책**이 없어요**.\n- 장소: 가방**에** 책이 있어요.\n- 소유: 저**는**\u002F저**한테** 자전거**가 있어요**.\n\n먼저 존재하거나 소유하는 대상을 찾고 **-이\u002F가**를 붙이세요. 장소가 있으면 **-에**, 소유자는 **-은\u002F는** 또는 **-한테\u002F에게**로 표시하면 돼요.","ko","A1",31,[13],{"id":14,"name":5,"level":10,"language":9,"isCompleted":15,"completionPercentage":16,"totalExercises":17,"completedExercises":16},"01a07863-d575-7466-bf21-2dd0df2da7e3",false,0,5,"2026-09-06T20:23:24+00:00","2026-10-11T12:53:37+00:00",[21],{"id":22,"title":23,"vocabularyListWords":24,"isPublished":38},"01a07865-2c9f-74b4-8379-9922303e555d","존재와 소유를 나타내는 말",[25,46,63,82,95,109,122,135,147,160,172,185,198,212,223,236,250,261,272,283,294,305,316],{"id":26,"vocabularyWord":27,"displayOrder":39},"01a07865-2c9f-7520-8379-992230671398",{"id":28,"word":29,"frequency":30,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":31,"partsOfSpeech":32,"audio":38,"audioUrl":45},"01a07864-2284-7632-91ba-a359af28856c","있다",10,"tts_17a17cc1e56efc4e_ko-KR.mp3",[33,40],{"id":34,"partOfSpeech":35,"definition":36,"exampleSentences":37,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-22b7-735a-a971-30ad37a88fd4","VERB","사람이나 사물이 어떤 장소에 존재하다.","가방 안에 책이 있어요.",true,1,{"id":41,"partOfSpeech":35,"definition":42,"exampleSentences":43,"isPrimary":15,"meaningOrder":44},"01a07864-22b7-73a6-a971-30ad385c7fac","사람에게 물건, 가족, 시간 등이 있다.","저는 오늘 저녁에 시간이 있어요.",2,"\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_17a17cc1e56efc4e_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":47,"vocabularyWord":48,"displayOrder":44},"01a07865-2c9f-7558-8379-9922313a7f12",{"id":49,"word":50,"frequency":30,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":51,"partsOfSpeech":52,"audio":38,"audioUrl":62},"01a07864-226c-7f2f-a9cd-6f942d8d91f6","없다","tts_933c93b16a8bb506_ko-KR.mp3",[53,58],{"id":54,"partOfSpeech":55,"definition":56,"exampleSentences":57,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-22b4-7e97-8993-9936e0cd8f8b","ADJECTIVE","사람이나 사물이 존재하지 않다.","냉장고에 우유가 없어요.",{"id":59,"partOfSpeech":55,"definition":60,"exampleSentences":61,"isPrimary":15,"meaningOrder":44},"01a07864-22b4-7f17-8993-9936e1ad50f8","사람에게 필요한 물건, 가족, 시간 등이 없다.","저는 오늘 저녁에 시간이 없어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_933c93b16a8bb506_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":64,"vocabularyWord":65,"displayOrder":81},"01a07865-2c9f-757c-8379-9922322d2636",{"id":66,"word":67,"frequency":30,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":68,"partsOfSpeech":69,"audio":38,"audioUrl":80},"01a07864-227d-7901-be4c-eb7f8e7e2079","이","tts_77ec3e1bccc77bc7_ko-KR.mp3",[70,75],{"id":71,"partOfSpeech":72,"definition":73,"exampleSentences":74,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-22b6-799a-b5cd-01edf6468ac9","DETERMINER","말하는 사람 가까이에 있는 사람이나 물건의 이름 앞에 쓰는 말.","이 가방은 아주 가벼워요.",{"id":76,"partOfSpeech":77,"definition":78,"exampleSentences":79,"isPrimary":15,"meaningOrder":44},"01a07864-22b6-79e2-b5cd-01edf6855408","PARTICLE","받침이 있는 명사 뒤에서 그 명사가 문장의 주체임을 나타내는 조사.","책이 책상 위에 있어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_77ec3e1bccc77bc7_ko-KR.mp3",3,{"id":83,"vocabularyWord":84,"displayOrder":94},"01a07865-2c9f-759c-8379-99223235b557",{"id":85,"word":86,"frequency":30,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":87,"partsOfSpeech":88,"audio":38,"audioUrl":93},"01a07864-2270-750c-ad1f-75ed2b596135","가","tts_b09e13058a62aec4_ko-KR.mp3",[89],{"id":90,"partOfSpeech":77,"definition":91,"exampleSentences":92,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-22b5-76b2-a1b1-56fde8d21343","받침이 없는 명사 뒤에서 그 명사가 문장의 주체임을 나타내는 조사.","의자가 창문 옆에 있어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_b09e13058a62aec4_ko-KR.mp3",4,{"id":96,"vocabularyWord":97,"displayOrder":17},"01a07865-2c9f-75bc-8379-99223287b5c9",{"id":98,"word":99,"frequency":100,"level":101,"language":9,"audioFilePath":102,"partsOfSpeech":103,"audio":38,"audioUrl":108},"01a07864-24e0-7a3b-a366-e2ad4bc36afb","계시다",9,"B1","tts_507a0290cef19153_ko-KR.mp3",[104],{"id":105,"partOfSpeech":35,"definition":106,"exampleSentences":107,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-250e-7647-9263-08ecd23cc008","있다의 높임말로, 높여야 할 사람의 존재나 머무름을 나타내다.","교수님은 지금 연구실에 계세요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_507a0290cef19153_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":110,"vocabularyWord":111,"displayOrder":121},"01a07865-2c9f-75dc-8379-99223382c78e",{"id":112,"word":113,"frequency":30,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":114,"partsOfSpeech":115,"audio":38,"audioUrl":120},"01a07864-220f-70eb-bb51-71d22e44c54b","에","tts_415b2080428df506_ko-KR.mp3",[116],{"id":117,"partOfSpeech":77,"definition":118,"exampleSentences":119,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-221e-746f-b689-6c89243001da","목적지나 사람·사물이 존재하는 장소를 나타내는 조사.","동생은 학교에 있고 저는 집에 있어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_415b2080428df506_ko-KR.mp3",6,{"id":123,"vocabularyWord":124,"displayOrder":134},"01a07865-2c9f-75f8-8379-9922338381eb",{"id":125,"word":126,"frequency":127,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":128,"partsOfSpeech":129,"audio":38,"audioUrl":133},"01a07864-21da-7b82-bc86-1f3774b63028","시간",8,"tts_874b19d0ccb94e40_ko-KR.mp3",[130],{"id":131,"partOfSpeech":77,"definition":132,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-2216-7d76-ad9f-53ec59b353d5","","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_874b19d0ccb94e40_ko-KR.mp3",7,{"id":136,"vocabularyWord":137,"displayOrder":127},"01a07865-2c9f-7618-8379-992233864e4d",{"id":138,"word":139,"frequency":30,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":140,"partsOfSpeech":141,"audio":38,"audioUrl":146},"01a07864-226f-7810-8d8f-16e6b6ac033e","은\u002F는","tts_7a6b650a4cc12ff2_ko-KR.mp3",[142],{"id":143,"partOfSpeech":77,"definition":144,"exampleSentences":145,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-22b5-7576-a1b1-56fde7d7a235","이야기의 주제를 나타내며, 받침 뒤에는 은, 모음 뒤에는 는을 쓰는 조사.","책은 재미있고 학교는 가까워요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_7a6b650a4cc12ff2_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":148,"vocabularyWord":149,"displayOrder":100},"01a07865-2c9f-7634-8379-99223424b458",{"id":150,"word":151,"frequency":100,"level":152,"language":9,"audioFilePath":153,"partsOfSpeech":154,"audio":38,"audioUrl":159},"01a07864-23d1-7ee1-a93a-294d93b74740","한테","A2","tts_db72af24f6f5b238_ko-KR.mp3",[155],{"id":156,"partOfSpeech":77,"definition":157,"exampleSentences":158,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-23e8-7c27-a7b1-1cdb3bfef7fa","행동이나 물건이 향하는 사람을 나타내는 구어체 조사.","친구한테 주말 계획을 물어봤어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_db72af24f6f5b238_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":161,"vocabularyWord":162,"displayOrder":30},"01a07865-2c9f-7650-8379-992234f788ce",{"id":163,"word":164,"frequency":100,"level":152,"language":9,"audioFilePath":165,"partsOfSpeech":166,"audio":38,"audioUrl":171},"01a07864-23c7-7ca6-a743-8624248f7953","에게","tts_42ad89d675ab038c_ko-KR.mp3",[167],{"id":168,"partOfSpeech":77,"definition":169,"exampleSentences":170,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-23e7-7cfe-b488-6f1a5491da02","행동이나 물건이 향하는 사람을 나타내는 조사.","동생에게 생일 선물을 보냈어요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_42ad89d675ab038c_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":173,"vocabularyWord":174,"displayOrder":184},"01a07865-2c9f-7670-8379-992235913e1b",{"id":175,"word":176,"frequency":30,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":177,"partsOfSpeech":178,"audio":38,"audioUrl":183},"01a07864-22a1-7388-b6d3-cd0dbde73597","를","tts_7ef09aee754cef4f_ko-KR.mp3",[179],{"id":180,"partOfSpeech":77,"definition":181,"exampleSentences":182,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-22ba-7315-999e-2a142536bf05","받침이 없는 명사 뒤에서 동작의 대상을 나타내는 조사.","사과를 먹고 물을 마셔요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_7ef09aee754cef4f_ko-KR.mp3",11,{"id":186,"vocabularyWord":187,"displayOrder":197},"01a07865-2c9f-768c-8379-9922363f32b8",{"id":188,"word":189,"frequency":30,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":190,"partsOfSpeech":191,"audio":38,"audioUrl":196},"01a07864-226e-7a9e-8eac-470e7a907270","을","tts_a8c96115e1311714_ko-KR.mp3",[192],{"id":193,"partOfSpeech":77,"definition":194,"exampleSentences":195,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"01a07864-22b5-73d2-a1b1-56fde7b87ff5","받침이 있는 명사 뒤에서 동작의 대상을 나타내는 조사.","저는 책을 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