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정보 초점","eosun-idong-gwa-jeongbo-chojeom",165,{"id":836,"title":837,"slug":838,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":839},"01a07863-dab5-740e-83b8-33f381df3c93","조사 결합과 의미 범위","josa-gyeolhap-gwa-uimi-beomwi",166,{"id":841,"title":842,"slug":843,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":844},"01a07863-d717-7c49-836e-9cd2147ab799","보조사 '-조차·-마저·-까지도'","bojosa-jocha-majeo-kkajido",167,{"id":846,"title":847,"slug":848,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":849},"01a07863-d987-7c0b-91c8-c3837f99a60f","하오체의 형태와 사용 맥락","haoche-ui-hyeongtae-wa-maengnak",168,{"id":851,"title":852,"slug":853,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":854},"01a07863-d94e-7f7d-bd36-aea815da0959","하게체의 형태와 사용 맥락","hageche-ui-hyeongtae-wa-maengnak",169,{"id":856,"title":857,"slug":858,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":859},"01a07863-d858-74ca-b8ff-d9b13d4b0e74","간접 부탁과 완곡한 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태도","inyong-dongsa-ui-seontaek",195,{"id":987,"title":988,"slug":989,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":990},"01a07863-d70b-7796-861c-b6fde39f3320","비인칭 피동과 책임 회피","biinching-pidong-gwa-chaegim-hoepi",196,{"id":992,"title":993,"slug":994,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":995},"01a07863-dbfe-7715-a73d-d97b70250059","사동 구문과 책임의 범위","sadong-gumun-gwa-chaegim-beomwi",197,{"id":997,"title":998,"slug":999,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1000},"01a07863-dba0-7c89-90d4-2eef83532006","높임 표현의 충돌과 우선순위","nopim-pyohyeon-ui-chungdol",198,{"id":1002,"title":1003,"slug":1004,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1005},"01a07863-db20-75e4-9e91-1851bedaec66","말하기 등급의 전환과 관계 재조정","malhagi-deunggeup-ui-jeonhwan",199,{"id":1007,"title":1008,"slug":1009,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1010},"01a07863-dcba-7864-9960-b92f40934922","완곡어법과 체면 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차이","jeongdoseong-geukdanseong-ui-chai",215,{"id":1087,"title":1088,"slug":1089,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1091},"01a07863-d96c-7023-bb30-3a3d8f787aa2","한글 맞춤법의 역사적 변화","hangeul-matchumbeop-ui-yeoksajeok-byeonhwa","C2",216,{"id":1093,"title":1094,"slug":1095,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1096},"01a07863-db03-771f-a039-b9257e399114","중세 한국어 문법의 현대 한국어 흔적","jungse-hangugeo-munbeop-ui-heunjeok",217,{"id":1098,"title":1099,"slug":1100,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1101},"01a07863-da9b-74e0-aa05-b70e5e015c3d","지역·세대·사용역에 따른 발음 변이","jiyeok-sedae-sayongyeok-bareum-byeoni",218,{"id":1103,"title":1104,"slug":1105,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1106},"01a07863-d8dd-7b49-bcf9-020299f60a53","고전 문헌의 말하기 등급","gojeon-munheon-ui-malhagi-deunggeup",219,{"id":1108,"title":1109,"slug":1110,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1111},"01a07863-d8e4-7f0a-9847-6e75a50aa53d","고전적 높임 표현과 현대의 잔존형","gojeonjeok-nopim-pyohyeon",220,{"id":1113,"title":1114,"slug":1115,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1116},"01a07863-d6d4-7878-ad37-a4982f125903","방언의 말하기 등급과 사회적 의미","bangeon-ui-malhagi-deunggeup",221,{"id":1118,"title":1119,"slug":1120,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1121},"01a07863-d80d-7c71-85f6-c3236a70cc6b","언어 형식의 사회적 지표성","eoneo-hyeongsik-ui-sahoejeok-jipyoseong",222,{"id":1123,"title":1124,"slug":1125,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1126},"01a07863-d737-779b-ad54-78d521a176d0","복합 사용역과 문체 혼합","bokhap-sayongyeok-gwa-munche-honhap",223,{"id":1128,"title":1129,"slug":1130,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1131},"01a07863-da4d-7c0e-aee9-47ad0c32ab41","전달 정보의 증거성과 화자 개입","jeondal-jeongbo-jeunggeoseong-hwaja-gaeip",224,{"id":1133,"title":1134,"slug":1135,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1136},"01a07863-d9f3-784c-8444-b4e48a91a5f4","인식·당위·능력 양태의 중첩","insik-dangwi-neungnyeok-yangtae-jungcheop",225,{"id":1138,"title":1139,"slug":1140,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1141},"01a07863-d87d-7421-a10d-016685c3019e","극도로 중첩된 종속 구조","geukdoro-jungcheopdoen-jongsok-gujo",226,{"id":1143,"title":1144,"slug":1145,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1146},"01a07863-db6c-76c8-9d8d-1bf0ff302356","명사구 내부의 다중 수식 범위","myeongsagu-naebu-dajung-susik-beomwi",227,{"id":1148,"title":1149,"slug":1150,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1151},"01a07863-d7a7-7713-b582-4635b340fb8c","다층 인용과 발화 책임","dachung-inyong-gwa-balhwa-chaegim",228,{"id":1153,"title":1154,"slug":1155,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1156},"01a07863-dc93-7bf7-baaf-646f405d0a93","통사적 중의성과 구조 해석","tongsajeok-junguiseong-gujo-haeseok",229,{"id":1158,"title":1159,"slug":1160,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1161},"01a07863-d747-7d02-9170-02c9242f260d","부정의 범위와 중의성","bujeong-ui-beomwi-wa-junguiseong",230,{"id":1163,"title":1164,"slug":1165,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1166},"01a07863-dc82-74cf-aed9-03ef012ba1ae","수량사의 작용역과 범위","suryangsa-ui-jagyongyeok-gwa-beomwi",231,{"id":1168,"title":1169,"slug":1170,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1171},"01a07863-d7c0-7033-8973-1acd78835224","다중 주제 구조와 화제 계층","dajung-juje-gujo-hwaje-gyecheung",232,{"id":1173,"title":1174,"slug":1175,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1176},"01a07863-db0f-7d14-b181-22045286272f","좌측·우측 전위와 담화 기능","jwacheuk-ucheuk-jeonwi",233,{"id":1178,"title":1179,"slug":1180,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1181},"01a07863-d75d-772e-9d3e-5b6275433f2d","분열문과 초점 구조","bunyeolmun-gwa-chojeom-gujo",234,{"id":1183,"title":1184,"slug":1185,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1186},"01a07863-dc88-7813-ac0c-b5506052d4fc","수사적 생략과 여백의 효과","susajeok-saengnyak-gwa-yeobaek",235,{"id":1188,"title":1189,"slug":1190,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1191},"01a07863-dc1b-7dc0-832f-4f108853f305","상호 텍스트성과 변형 인용","sangho-tekseuteuseong-byeonhyeong-inyong",236,{"id":1193,"title":1194,"slug":1195,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1196},"01a07863-d979-798b-b0e1-1f25c0511cbb","한자어 중심 문체의 압축성","hanjaeo-jungsim-munche-ui-apchukseong",237,{"id":1198,"title":1199,"slug":1200,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1201},"01a07863-d6ec-7d59-96d2-3ffd339ca6c2","법률·행정 문체의 문법","beomnyul-haengjeong-munche-ui-munbeop",238,{"id":1203,"title":1204,"slug":1205,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1206},"01a07863-d95e-724f-aebc-136eef75e32d","학술 문체의 고도 명사화","haksul-munche-ui-godo-myeongsahwa",239,{"id":1208,"title":1209,"slug":1210,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1211},"01a07863-db4f-75fe-832e-52c746aeace4","문학 서사의 시점과 화자","munhak-seosa-ui-sijeom-gwa-hwaja",240,{"id":1213,"title":1214,"slug":1215,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1216},"01a07863-da34-7109-a69e-dcc4f425ced7","자유 간접 화법과 의식의 표현","jayu-ganjeop-hwabeop",241,{"id":1218,"title":1219,"slug":1220,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1221},"01a07863-dc71-7158-bad9-cc4b5c91a482","속담·관용구의 변형과 재맥락화","sokdam-gwanyonggu-byeonhyeong",242,{"id":1223,"title":1224,"slug":1225,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1226},"01a07863-dcb3-7256-be14-3efead0203a1","의성어·의태어의 파생과 활용","uiseongeo-uitaeeo-pasaeng-hwaryong",243,{"id":1228,"title":1229,"slug":1230,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1231},"01a07863-dc69-7a26-9a3b-aaffc3c91e21","신조어의 파생 문법과 확장","sinjoeo-ui-pasaeng-munbeop",244,{"id":1233,"title":1234,"slug":1235,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1236},"01a07863-db09-7a45-a9a7-3b2525079877","중의성과 응집성을 다듬는 고급 퇴고","junguiseong-eungjipseong-gogeup-toego",245,{"id":876,"title":877,"slug":878,"seoDescription":1238,"content":1239,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":879,"grammarTopics":1240,"createdAt":1246,"updatedAt":1247,"vocabularyLists":1248,"primaryTopicHub":1249,"readyImages":1251},"앞뒤 문장을 자연스럽게 잇는 한국어 지시어와 대용어의 사용을 익힙니다. '이·그·저'의 공간적·담화적 기준, '이것·그렇다·그 결과'가 가리키는 선행 내용을 분석하고, 생략과 명사 반복을 조절하여 모호한 지시와 번역투를 줄이고 문단의 주제와 논리 관계를 선명하게 유지합니다.","## 문장을 연결하는 지시와 대용\n\n**지시어**는 말하는 장소나 담화 속 위치를 기준으로 대상을 가리키고, **대용어**는 앞이나 뒤에 나온 표현을 대신합니다. 알맞게 쓰면 같은 말을 줄이면서 문단의 주제를 이어 주지만, 가리키는 대상이 불분명하면 독자는 앞 문장으로 되돌아가야 합니다.\n\n:::example\n시에서는 노후 도서관을 고치기로 했다. **이 계획**은 내년 3월에 시작되며, 공사 기간에는 이동 도서관을 운영한다. **그 결과**, 주민들은 공사 중에도 책을 빌릴 수 있다.\n\n`이 계획`은 첫 문장의 결정을 다시 이름 붙이고, `그 결과`는 공사 기간의 대책이 가져오는 결과를 연결합니다.\n:::\n\n## '이·그·저'의 기본 기준\n\n| 계열 | 공간에서의 기준 | 담화에서의 쓰임 | 예문 |\n|---|---|---|---|\n| **이-** | 화자에게 가까움 | 지금 주목하는 내용, 곧 설명할 내용 | **이 문제**를 먼저 살펴보겠습니다. |\n| **그-** | 청자에게 가깝거나 앞서 확인됨 | 앞에서 언급한 대상 | 한 보고서가 발표됐다. **그 보고서**는 공개됐다. |\n| **저-** | 화자와 청자 모두에게 멂 | 두 사람이 눈으로 확인하는 먼 대상 | **저 건물**이 시청입니다. |\n\n글에서 `저-`는 단순한 앞 문장 대용으로 잘 쓰이지 않습니다. 눈앞의 대상을 함께 보는 상황이 아니라면 앞서 언급한 것은 보통 `그-`로, 현재 문단에서 다시 초점을 맞추는 것은 `이-`로 받습니다.\n\n## 대상을 그대로 반복할지 대신할지\n\n한국어에서는 선행 내용을 여러 방식으로 이어 받을 수 있습니다.\n\n- 명사 반복: `새 정책이 발표됐다. **이 정책은** 다음 달 시행된다.`\n- 사물 대용: `자료를 이메일로 보냈다. **그것을** 확인해 주세요.`\n- 상태·방식 대용: `가격이 계속 오르고 있다. 상황이 **그렇다면** 계획을 바꿔야 한다.`\n- 장소 대용: `회의는 별관에서 열린다. **그곳에는** 주차장이 없다.`\n- 생략: `민수는 자료를 읽고 보고서를 작성했다. 그리고 ∅ 팀장에게 보냈다.`\n\n선행 대상이 분명하면 생략이 가장 자연스러울 수 있습니다. 영어식으로 매 문장마다 `그는`, `그녀는`, `그것은`을 반복하면 한국어에서는 번역투로 느껴질 수 있습니다.\n\n## 선행어를 하나로 분명하게 만들기\n\n대용어가 가리키는 앞의 표현을 **선행어**라고 합니다. 선행어 후보가 둘 이상이면 구체적인 명사를 다시 쓰세요.\n\n:::warning\n`회사는 협력 업체에 새 계약서를 보냈다. 그러나 그것은 아직 승인되지 않았다.`에서 `그것`이 회사, 업체, 계약서 중 무엇을 가리키는지 잠시 헷갈릴 수 있습니다. **`새 계약서는 아직 승인되지 않았다`**라고 쓰면 바로 분명해집니다.\n:::\n\n문장 전체의 사건을 받을 때도 `그것`만 쓰기보다 의미 관계를 이름 붙이면 좋습니다.\n\n| 모호한 연결 | 더 분명한 연결 | 관계 |\n|---|---|---|\n| 그것 때문에 일정이 늦어졌다. | **승인 지연 때문에** 일정이 늦어졌다. | 원인 |\n| 그것은 예산을 줄였다. | **이 결정은** 예산을 줄였다. | 결정 |\n| 그것으로 문제가 생겼다. | **그 결과** 문제가 생겼다. | 결과 |\n| 그것에 대해 논의했다. | **계약 조건에 대해** 논의했다. | 논의 대상 |\n\n## 앞을 받을 때와 뒤를 예고할 때\n\n대용 표현은 앞의 내용을 받을 수도 있고, 뒤에 나올 내용을 예고할 수도 있습니다.\n\n- 앞을 받음: `신청자가 크게 늘었다. **이러한 변화는** 제도 개선의 결과다.`\n- 뒤를 예고함: `**이것만 기억하세요. 신청 마감은 금요일입니다.**`\n- 목록 예고: `필요한 서류는 **다음과 같습니다**: 신청서, 신분증 사본, 사진.`\n\n뒤를 예고하는 표현을 썼다면 독자가 기다리는 내용을 바로 제시해야 합니다. `다음과 같다`라고 한 뒤 목록이 멀리 떨어져 있으면 문장의 응집성이 약해집니다.\n\n## 문단의 지시 사슬 관리하기\n\n한 문단에서는 같은 대상을 `정책 → 이 정책 → 그것 → 해당 방안`처럼 너무 자주 바꾸지 마세요. 표현이 다양해 보여도 서로 다른 대상을 말하는 것처럼 느껴질 수 있습니다.\n\n1. 첫 문장에서 핵심 대상을 정확한 명사로 소개합니다.\n2. 다음 문장에서는 `이 정책`, `그 연구`처럼 명사를 포함해 이어 받습니다.\n3. 대상이 충분히 분명해진 뒤에만 생략이나 `그것`을 사용합니다.\n4. 주제가 바뀌면 새 명사를 다시 밝혀 지시 사슬을 끝냅니다.\n\n:::tip\n문단의 `이것`, `그것`, `그`, `그러한`, 생략된 주어에 밑줄을 긋고 각각 무엇을 가리키는지 적어 보세요. 하나라도 두 대상에 연결된다면 명사를 반복하는 편이 낫습니다.\n:::\n\n## 핵심 정리\n\n지시어와 대용어는 반복을 피하는 장치가 아니라 **독자가 같은 대상을 계속 추적하게 하는 장치**입니다. `이-`는 현재 초점, `그-`는 앞에서 확인한 대상, `저-`는 함께 보는 먼 대상을 중심으로 합니다. 선행어가 모호하면 핵심 명사를 반복하고, 문장 전체를 받을 때는 `이 결정`, `그 결과`, `이 변화`처럼 관계를 구체적으로 이름 붙이세요.",[1241],{"id":1242,"name":1243,"level":683,"language":9,"isCompleted":1244,"completionPercentage":1245,"totalExercises":51,"completedExercises":1245},"01a09c0b-58b1-741d-b533-dc96f0c5fc33","주제 흐름과 담화 응집성",false,0,"2026-09-06T20:23:25+00:00","2026-10-11T12:53:37+00:00",[],{"name":1243,"slug":1250,"language":9},"juje-heuleum-damhwa-eungjipseong-b2",[],{"id":1242,"name":1243,"slug":1250,"language":9,"level":683,"introduction":1253,"lessonCount":21,"totalExercises":51,"objectives":1254,"prerequisites":1258,"lessons":1260},"글과 대화의 주제를 이어 가고 지시 대상을 연결한 뒤, 대조 초점으로 숨은 비교까지 읽어 내는 길입니다. 조사와 담화 표지, 지시어와 대용어를 이용해 독자가 선행 대상을 놓치지 않도록 글의 연결을 다듬습니다.",[1255,1256,1257],"주제 유지와 전환에 알맞은 조사와 담화 표지를 선택할 수 있다.","지시어와 대용어의 선행 대상을 명확히 연결할 수 있다.","대조 초점이 암시하는 생략된 비교 대상을 추론할 수 있다.",[1259],"B1의 담화 표지와 은\u002F는·이\u002F가 정보 구조를 이해한다.",[1261,1276,1289],{"id":866,"contentId":1262,"slug":868,"title":867,"level":683,"summary":1263,"order":11,"exercises":1264},"pg_5b11c97e-1091-4157-acaa-adf7c27ae48e","조사와 담화 표지를 활용해 주제를 유지하거나 자연스럽게 전환한다.",[1265,1269,1272],{"id":1266,"title":1267,"order":1245,"type":1268},"01a07864-06cd-773e-85d1-168def5c9cea","주제 유지와 분명한 지시","word_select",{"id":1270,"title":1271,"order":11,"type":1268},"01a07864-06eb-752a-b80b-ad6b20e7ae78","전환 표지와 담화의 경계",{"id":1273,"title":1274,"order":16,"type":1275},"01a07864-0706-71da-b624-de7f07d82855","Build a Clear Topic Flow","sentence_builder",{"id":876,"contentId":1277,"slug":878,"title":877,"level":683,"summary":1278,"order":16,"exercises":1279},"pg_1cd8a570-b86d-4889-b11c-368801a99553","지시어와 대용어가 가리키는 대상을 분명히 해 문장 사이의 응집성을 만든다.",[1280,1283,1286],{"id":1281,"title":1282,"order":1245,"type":1268},"01a07864-038a-765e-814e-805a63cc0de8","Reference and substitution in context",{"id":1284,"title":1285,"order":11,"type":1268},"01a07864-03a2-74c4-b191-3f359d429623","Clarify antecedents and reference chains",{"id":1287,"title":1288,"order":16,"type":1275},"01a07864-03bf-7ac5-becf-cda2ee82031e","Build clear Korean reference chains",{"id":871,"contentId":1290,"slug":873,"title":872,"level":683,"summary":1291,"order":21,"exercises":1292},"pg_e1e09325-b7a3-444a-9297-1c11904f092e","은\u002F는과 보조사로 대조 초점을 세우고 생략된 비교 대상을 추론한다.",[1293,1296,1299],{"id":1294,"title":1295,"order":1245,"type":1268},"01a07863-e711-71ed-afe9-4ef4ea1f6757","Focus particles and their scope",{"id":1297,"title":1298,"order":11,"type":1268},"01a07863-e72b-7149-9c58-72e9f1a3c87c","Partial negation and explicit comparison",{"id":1300,"title":1301,"order":16,"type":1275},"01a07863-e742-7ae4-813d-9c92799dcb2d","Build sentences with focus and comparison",[1303,1309,1313],{"@id":1304,"@type":1305,"id":1281,"grammarPage":1306,"title":1282,"instructions":1307,"displayOrder":1245,"type":1268,"questionCount":76,"blankCount":76,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1308},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07864-038a-765e-814e-805a63cc0de8","GrammarExercise","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a07863-da94-7c24-baf3-7c267591a846","Use the Korean context to distinguish a new focus from an already established referent, then choose the clearest cohesive expression.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_3f1904ea-119c-42ff-b2cf-15b50cb0b064_hero.webp?v=1788726215",{"@id":1310,"@type":1305,"id":1284,"grammarPage":1306,"title":1285,"instructions":1311,"displayOrder":11,"type":1268,"questionCount":76,"blankCount":76,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1312},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07864-03a2-74c4-b191-3f359d429623","Choose the expression that keeps each Korean reference chain clear, cohesive, and consistent.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_8f71c063-5708-47c7-964e-1cec98f108db_hero.webp?v=1788726215",{"@id":1314,"@type":1305,"id":1287,"grammarPage":1306,"title":1288,"instructions":1315,"displayOrder":16,"type":1275,"questionCount":66,"blankCount":66,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1316},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07864-03bf-7ac5-becf-cda2ee82031e","Arrange the Korean tiles into the exact cohesive sentence requested. Follow each ordering cue and leave the three unused rival tiles out.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_df7233ed-8737-4d18-9cfe-e50352f1b0c9_hero.webp?v=1788726215",{"id":1281,"grammarPage":1306,"title":1282,"instructions":1307,"seoTitle":1318,"seoDescription":1319,"displayOrder":1245,"type":1268,"questions":1320,"ogImageUrl":1308},"새 초점과 이미 나온 대상을 가르는 지시어 이·그","발표 화면에 새로 띄운 오류는 이, 어제 함께 읽었지만 지금 눈앞에 없는 보고서는 그처럼 문맥에 맞는 지시어와 알맞은 대용 표현을 골라 빈칸을 하나씩 채워요. 대상이 눈앞에 있는지, 앞선 대화에 나왔는지를 꼼꼼히 따져 응집성 있고 자연스러운 문장을 만들어요.",[1321],{"id":1322,"sentenceTemplate":1323,"displayOrder":1245,"explanation":1324,"exampleSentence":1325,"blanks":1326},"01a07864-038a-78c2-814e-805a659c9ec7","발표자는 지금 자기 앞 화면에 새 오류를 띄우고 그 부분을 가리켰어요. “__1__ 오류부터 자세히 살펴볼게요.”","The error is close to the speaker, directly indicated, and newly in focus, so 이 오류 is the natural choice.","이 표에서 두 번째 항목을 보세요.",[1327],{"id":1328,"blankNumber":11,"options":1329},"01a07864-038a-7876-814e-805a64ec7e27",[1330,1333,1337],{"id":1331,"optionText":1332,"isCorrect":1244,"displayOrder":1245},"01a07864-038a-77d2-814e-805a645e2c5c","그",{"id":1334,"optionText":1335,"isCorrect":1336,"displayOrder":11},"01a07864-038a-7812-814e-805a645ec8fc","이",true,{"id":1338,"optionText":1339,"isCorrect":1244,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-038a-783e-814e-805a64bbb79c","저",{"html":1341,"toc":1342},"\u003Ch2 id=\"section\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>문장을 연결하는 지시와 대용\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>지시어\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 말하는 장소나 담화 속 위치를 기준으로 대상을 가리키고, \u003Cstrong>대용어\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 앞이나 뒤에 나온 표현을 대신합니다. 알맞게 쓰면 같은 말을 줄이면서 문단의 주제를 이어 주지만, 가리키는 대상이 불분명하면 독자는 앞 문장으로 되돌아가야 합니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>시에서는 노후 도서관을 고치기로 했다. \u003Cstrong>이 계획\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 내년 3월에 시작되며, 공사 기간에는 이동 도서관을 운영한다. \u003Cstrong>그 결과\u003C\u002Fstrong>, 주민들은 공사 중에도 책을 빌릴 수 있다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ccode>이 계획\u003C\u002Fcode>은 첫 문장의 결정을 다시 이름 붙이고, \u003Ccode>그 결과\u003C\u002Fcode>는 공사 기간의 대책이 가져오는 결과를 연결합니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>'이·그·저'의 기본 기준\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>계열\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>공간에서의 기준\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>담화에서의 쓰임\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>예문\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>이-\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>화자에게 가까움\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>지금 주목하는 내용, 곧 설명할 내용\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>이 문제\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 먼저 살펴보겠습니다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>그-\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>청자에게 가깝거나 앞서 확인됨\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>앞에서 언급한 대상\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>한 보고서가 발표됐다. \u003Cstrong>그 보고서\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 공개됐다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>저-\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>화자와 청자 모두에게 멂\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>두 사람이 눈으로 확인하는 먼 대상\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>저 건물\u003C\u002Fstrong>이 시청입니다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>글에서 \u003Ccode>저-\u003C\u002Fcode>는 단순한 앞 문장 대용으로 잘 쓰이지 않습니다. 눈앞의 대상을 함께 보는 상황이 아니라면 앞서 언급한 것은 보통 \u003Ccode>그-\u003C\u002Fcode>로, 현재 문단에서 다시 초점을 맞추는 것은 \u003Ccode>이-\u003C\u002Fcode>로 받습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-3\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>대상을 그대로 반복할지 대신할지\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>한국어에서는 선행 내용을 여러 방식으로 이어 받을 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>명사 반복: \u003Ccode>새 정책이 발표됐다. **이 정책은** 다음 달 시행된다.\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>사물 대용: \u003Ccode>자료를 이메일로 보냈다. **그것을** 확인해 주세요.\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>상태·방식 대용: \u003Ccode>가격이 계속 오르고 있다. 상황이 **그렇다면** 계획을 바꿔야 한다.\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>장소 대용: \u003Ccode>회의는 별관에서 열린다. **그곳에는** 주차장이 없다.\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>생략: \u003Ccode>민수는 자료를 읽고 보고서를 작성했다. 그리고 ∅ 팀장에게 보냈다.\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>선행 대상이 분명하면 생략이 가장 자연스러울 수 있습니다. 영어식으로 매 문장마다 \u003Ccode>그는\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>그녀는\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>그것은\u003C\u002Fcode>을 반복하면 한국어에서는 번역투로 느껴질 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-4\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>선행어를 하나로 분명하게 만들기\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>대용어가 가리키는 앞의 표현을 \u003Cstrong>선행어\u003C\u002Fstrong>라고 합니다. 선행어 후보가 둘 이상이면 구체적인 명사를 다시 쓰세요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>\u003Ccode>회사는 협력 업체에 새 계약서를 보냈다. 그러나 그것은 아직 승인되지 않았다.\u003C\u002Fcode>에서 \u003Ccode>그것\u003C\u002Fcode>이 회사, 업체, 계약서 중 무엇을 가리키는지 잠시 헷갈릴 수 있습니다. **\u003Ccode>새 계약서는 아직 승인되지 않았다\u003C\u002Fcode>**라고 쓰면 바로 분명해집니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>문장 전체의 사건을 받을 때도 \u003Ccode>그것\u003C\u002Fcode>만 쓰기보다 의미 관계를 이름 붙이면 좋습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>모호한 연결\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>더 분명한 연결\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>관계\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>그것 때문에 일정이 늦어졌다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>승인 지연 때문에\u003C\u002Fstrong> 일정이 늦어졌다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>원인\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>그것은 예산을 줄였다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>이 결정은\u003C\u002Fstrong> 예산을 줄였다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>결정\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>그것으로 문제가 생겼다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>그 결과\u003C\u002Fstrong> 문제가 생겼다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>결과\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>그것에 대해 논의했다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>계약 조건에 대해\u003C\u002Fstrong> 논의했다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>논의 대상\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-5\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>앞을 받을 때와 뒤를 예고할 때\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>대용 표현은 앞의 내용을 받을 수도 있고, 뒤에 나올 내용을 예고할 수도 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>앞을 받음: \u003Ccode>신청자가 크게 늘었다. **이러한 변화는** 제도 개선의 결과다.\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>뒤를 예고함: \u003Ccode>**이것만 기억하세요. 신청 마감은 금요일입니다.**\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>목록 예고: \u003Ccode>필요한 서류는 **다음과 같습니다**: 신청서, 신분증 사본, 사진.\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>뒤를 예고하는 표현을 썼다면 독자가 기다리는 내용을 바로 제시해야 합니다. \u003Ccode>다음과 같다\u003C\u002Fcode>라고 한 뒤 목록이 멀리 떨어져 있으면 문장의 응집성이 약해집니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-6\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">6.\u003C\u002Fspan>문단의 지시 사슬 관리하기\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>한 문단에서는 같은 대상을 \u003Ccode>정책 → 이 정책 → 그것 → 해당 방안\u003C\u002Fcode>처럼 너무 자주 바꾸지 마세요. 표현이 다양해 보여도 서로 다른 대상을 말하는 것처럼 느껴질 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>첫 문장에서 핵심 대상을 정확한 명사로 소개합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>다음 문장에서는 \u003Ccode>이 정책\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>그 연구\u003C\u002Fcode>처럼 명사를 포함해 이어 받습니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>대상이 충분히 분명해진 뒤에만 생략이나 \u003Ccode>그것\u003C\u002Fcode>을 사용합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>주제가 바뀌면 새 명사를 다시 밝혀 지시 사슬을 끝냅니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>문단의 \u003Ccode>이것\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>그것\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>그\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>그러한\u003C\u002Fcode>, 생략된 주어에 밑줄을 긋고 각각 무엇을 가리키는지 적어 보세요. 하나라도 두 대상에 연결된다면 명사를 반복하는 편이 낫습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-7\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">7.\u003C\u002Fspan>핵심 정리\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>지시어와 대용어는 반복을 피하는 장치가 아니라 \u003Cstrong>독자가 같은 대상을 계속 추적하게 하는 장치\u003C\u002Fstrong>입니다. \u003Ccode>이-\u003C\u002Fcode>는 현재 초점, \u003Ccode>그-\u003C\u002Fcode>는 앞에서 확인한 대상, \u003Ccode>저-\u003C\u002Fcode>는 함께 보는 먼 대상을 중심으로 합니다. 선행어가 모호하면 핵심 명사를 반복하고, 문장 전체를 받을 때는 \u003Ccode>이 결정\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>그 결과\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>이 변화\u003C\u002Fcode>처럼 관계를 구체적으로 이름 붙이세요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",[1343,1347,1351,1355,1359,1363,1367],{"id":1344,"text":1345,"depth":16,"number":1346},"section","문장을 연결하는 지시와 대용","1",{"id":1348,"text":1349,"depth":16,"number":1350},"section-2","'이·그·저'의 기본 기준","2",{"id":1352,"text":1353,"depth":16,"number":1354},"section-3","대상을 그대로 반복할지 대신할지","3",{"id":1356,"text":1357,"depth":16,"number":1358},"section-4","선행어를 하나로 분명하게 만들기","4",{"id":1360,"text":1361,"depth":16,"number":1362},"section-5","앞을 받을 때와 뒤를 예고할 때","5",{"id":1364,"text":1365,"depth":16,"number":1366},"section-6","문단의 지시 사슬 관리하기","6",{"id":1368,"text":1369,"depth":16,"number":1370},"section-7","핵심 정리","7"]