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정보 초점","eosun-idong-gwa-jeongbo-chojeom",165,{"id":836,"title":837,"slug":838,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":839},"01a07863-dab5-740e-83b8-33f381df3c93","조사 결합과 의미 범위","josa-gyeolhap-gwa-uimi-beomwi",166,{"id":841,"title":842,"slug":843,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":844},"01a07863-d717-7c49-836e-9cd2147ab799","보조사 '-조차·-마저·-까지도'","bojosa-jocha-majeo-kkajido",167,{"id":846,"title":847,"slug":848,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":849},"01a07863-d987-7c0b-91c8-c3837f99a60f","하오체의 형태와 사용 맥락","haoche-ui-hyeongtae-wa-maengnak",168,{"id":851,"title":852,"slug":853,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":854},"01a07863-d94e-7f7d-bd36-aea815da0959","하게체의 형태와 사용 맥락","hageche-ui-hyeongtae-wa-maengnak",169,{"id":856,"title":857,"slug":858,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":859},"01a07863-d858-74ca-b8ff-d9b13d4b0e74","간접 부탁과 완곡한 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태도","inyong-dongsa-ui-seontaek",195,{"id":987,"title":988,"slug":989,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":990},"01a07863-d70b-7796-861c-b6fde39f3320","비인칭 피동과 책임 회피","biinching-pidong-gwa-chaegim-hoepi",196,{"id":992,"title":993,"slug":994,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":995},"01a07863-dbfe-7715-a73d-d97b70250059","사동 구문과 책임의 범위","sadong-gumun-gwa-chaegim-beomwi",197,{"id":997,"title":998,"slug":999,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1000},"01a07863-dba0-7c89-90d4-2eef83532006","높임 표현의 충돌과 우선순위","nopim-pyohyeon-ui-chungdol",198,{"id":1002,"title":1003,"slug":1004,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1005},"01a07863-db20-75e4-9e91-1851bedaec66","말하기 등급의 전환과 관계 재조정","malhagi-deunggeup-ui-jeonhwan",199,{"id":1007,"title":1008,"slug":1009,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1010},"01a07863-dcba-7864-9960-b92f40934922","완곡어법과 체면 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잔존형","gojeonjeok-nopim-pyohyeon",220,{"id":1113,"title":1114,"slug":1115,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1116},"01a07863-d6d4-7878-ad37-a4982f125903","방언의 말하기 등급과 사회적 의미","bangeon-ui-malhagi-deunggeup",221,{"id":1118,"title":1119,"slug":1120,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1121},"01a07863-d80d-7c71-85f6-c3236a70cc6b","언어 형식의 사회적 지표성","eoneo-hyeongsik-ui-sahoejeok-jipyoseong",222,{"id":1123,"title":1124,"slug":1125,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1126},"01a07863-d737-779b-ad54-78d521a176d0","복합 사용역과 문체 혼합","bokhap-sayongyeok-gwa-munche-honhap",223,{"id":1128,"title":1129,"slug":1130,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1131},"01a07863-da4d-7c0e-aee9-47ad0c32ab41","전달 정보의 증거성과 화자 개입","jeondal-jeongbo-jeunggeoseong-hwaja-gaeip",224,{"id":1133,"title":1134,"slug":1135,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1136},"01a07863-d9f3-784c-8444-b4e48a91a5f4","인식·당위·능력 양태의 중첩","insik-dangwi-neungnyeok-yangtae-jungcheop",225,{"id":1138,"title":1139,"slug":1140,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1141},"01a07863-d87d-7421-a10d-016685c3019e","극도로 중첩된 종속 구조","geukdoro-jungcheopdoen-jongsok-gujo",226,{"id":1143,"title":1144,"slug":1145,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1146},"01a07863-db6c-76c8-9d8d-1bf0ff302356","명사구 내부의 다중 수식 범위","myeongsagu-naebu-dajung-susik-beomwi",227,{"id":1148,"title":1149,"slug":1150,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1151},"01a07863-d7a7-7713-b582-4635b340fb8c","다층 인용과 발화 책임","dachung-inyong-gwa-balhwa-chaegim",228,{"id":1153,"title":1154,"slug":1155,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1156},"01a07863-dc93-7bf7-baaf-646f405d0a93","통사적 중의성과 구조 해석","tongsajeok-junguiseong-gujo-haeseok",229,{"id":1158,"title":1159,"slug":1160,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1161},"01a07863-d747-7d02-9170-02c9242f260d","부정의 범위와 중의성","bujeong-ui-beomwi-wa-junguiseong",230,{"id":1163,"title":1164,"slug":1165,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1166},"01a07863-dc82-74cf-aed9-03ef012ba1ae","수량사의 작용역과 범위","suryangsa-ui-jagyongyeok-gwa-beomwi",231,{"id":1168,"title":1169,"slug":1170,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1171},"01a07863-d7c0-7033-8973-1acd78835224","다중 주제 구조와 화제 계층","dajung-juje-gujo-hwaje-gyecheung",232,{"id":1173,"title":1174,"slug":1175,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1176},"01a07863-db0f-7d14-b181-22045286272f","좌측·우측 전위와 담화 기능","jwacheuk-ucheuk-jeonwi",233,{"id":1178,"title":1179,"slug":1180,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1181},"01a07863-d75d-772e-9d3e-5b6275433f2d","분열문과 초점 구조","bunyeolmun-gwa-chojeom-gujo",234,{"id":1183,"title":1184,"slug":1185,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1186},"01a07863-dc88-7813-ac0c-b5506052d4fc","수사적 생략과 여백의 효과","susajeok-saengnyak-gwa-yeobaek",235,{"id":1188,"title":1189,"slug":1190,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1191},"01a07863-dc1b-7dc0-832f-4f108853f305","상호 텍스트성과 변형 인용","sangho-tekseuteuseong-byeonhyeong-inyong",236,{"id":1193,"title":1194,"slug":1195,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1196},"01a07863-d979-798b-b0e1-1f25c0511cbb","한자어 중심 문체의 압축성","hanjaeo-jungsim-munche-ui-apchukseong",237,{"id":1198,"title":1199,"slug":1200,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1201},"01a07863-d6ec-7d59-96d2-3ffd339ca6c2","법률·행정 문체의 문법","beomnyul-haengjeong-munche-ui-munbeop",238,{"id":1203,"title":1204,"slug":1205,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1206},"01a07863-d95e-724f-aebc-136eef75e32d","학술 문체의 고도 명사화","haksul-munche-ui-godo-myeongsahwa",239,{"id":1208,"title":1209,"slug":1210,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1211},"01a07863-db4f-75fe-832e-52c746aeace4","문학 서사의 시점과 화자","munhak-seosa-ui-sijeom-gwa-hwaja",240,{"id":1213,"title":1214,"slug":1215,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1216},"01a07863-da34-7109-a69e-dcc4f425ced7","자유 간접 화법과 의식의 표현","jayu-ganjeop-hwabeop",241,{"id":1218,"title":1219,"slug":1220,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1221},"01a07863-dc71-7158-bad9-cc4b5c91a482","속담·관용구의 변형과 재맥락화","sokdam-gwanyonggu-byeonhyeong",242,{"id":1223,"title":1224,"slug":1225,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1226},"01a07863-dcb3-7256-be14-3efead0203a1","의성어·의태어의 파생과 활용","uiseongeo-uitaeeo-pasaeng-hwaryong",243,{"id":1228,"title":1229,"slug":1230,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1231},"01a07863-dc69-7a26-9a3b-aaffc3c91e21","신조어의 파생 문법과 확장","sinjoeo-ui-pasaeng-munbeop",244,{"id":1233,"title":1234,"slug":1235,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1236},"01a07863-db09-7a45-a9a7-3b2525079877","중의성과 응집성을 다듬는 고급 퇴고","junguiseong-eungjipseong-gogeup-toego",245,{"id":635,"title":636,"slug":637,"seoDescription":1238,"content":1239,"language":9,"level":452,"displayOrder":638,"grammarTopics":1240,"createdAt":1246,"updatedAt":1247,"vocabularyLists":1248,"primaryTopicHub":1249,"readyImages":1251},"주체 높임 -(으)시-가 누구에게 적용되고 언제 제한되는지 배웁니다. 높여야 할 사람과 듣는 사람을 구별하고, 자기 자신이나 일반 사물을 잘못 높이는 표현, 신체·소유 관계의 간접 높임, 조사 -께서와 서술어 높임이 어울리는 방식을 상황별로 익힙니다.","주체 높임 **-(으)시-**는 문장의 주어가 높여야 하는 사람일 때 사용합니다. 공손하게 말한다고 해서 모든 서술어에 -시-를 넣는 것은 아닙니다. 누구를 높이는지와 문장 성분의 관계를 정확히 봐야 합니다.\n\n## 1. 주체와 듣는 사람 구별하기\n\n주체 높임은 문장의 행동이나 상태를 가진 사람을 높입니다. 듣는 사람에게 공손한지는 문장 끝 말투가 따로 보여 줍니다.\n\n| 문장 | 높이는 대상 | 설명 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 선생님께서 오세요. | 선생님 | 주체 높임 + 해요체 |\n| 민수가 옵니다. | 없음 | 합니다체(=합쇼체)로 듣는 사람에게 공손함 |\n| 할머니가 주무세요. | 할머니 | 특수 높임말로 주체를 높임 |\n\n해요체와 합니다체는 문장 끝에서 **듣는 사람**에게 공손함을 나타내고, **-(으)시-**와 특수 높임말은 문장의 **주어**를 높여요.\n\n### -(으)시- 형태 만들기\n\n| 어간의 형태 | 높임 형태 | 예 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 받침 있는 어간 + **-으시-** | 읽으세요, 앉으십니다 | 책을 읽으세요. \u002F 의자에 앉으십니다. |\n| 받침 없는 어간 + **-시-** | 가세요, 오십니다 | 지금 가세요. \u002F 곧 오십니다. |\n| ㄹ 받침 탈락 + **-시-** | 사세요, 만드세요 | 살다 → 사세요. \u002F 만들다 → 만드세요. |\n\n### 자주 쓰는 특수 높임말\n\n| 기본말 | 주체를 높이는 말 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 먹다 | 드시다 \u002F 잡수시다 |\n| 자다 | 주무시다 |\n| 있다 | 계시다 |\n| 말하다 | 말씀하시다 |\n| 죽다 | 돌아가시다 |\n| 아프다 | 편찮으시다 |\n\n:::example\n**민수 씨, 선생님께서 지금 교실에 계세요.**\n\n듣는 사람은 민수 씨이지만, **계시다**로 높이는 사람은 문장의 주어인 선생님입니다.\n:::\n\n## 2. 자기 자신은 높이지 않기\n\n말하는 사람이 자신의 행동을 설명할 때는 보통 주체 높임을 사용하지 않습니다.\n\n:::warning\n✓ 저는 내일 부산에 **가요**.\n\n✗ 저는 내일 부산에 **가세요**.\n\n✓ 제가 자료를 **보냈습니다**.\n\n✗ 제가 자료를 **보내셨습니다**.\n:::\n\n자신을 낮추는 표현이 필요하면 *저, 제가, 드리다, 말씀드리다* 같은 겸양 표현을 사용하지만, 자신의 동사에 -시-를 붙이지 않습니다.\n\n## 3. 일반 사물을 높이지 않기\n\n가격, 상품, 주문, 서류 같은 사물은 높임의 대상이 아닙니다. 서비스 상황에서 들을 수 있어도 표준적인 표현에서는 사물 자체에 -시-를 붙이지 않습니다.\n\n**커피 나오셨습니다** 같은 말은 서비스 현장에서 매우 자주 들리지만, 규범에서는 높임의 대상이 사람이므로 커피 같은 사물에 -시-를 붙이는 표현은 벗어납니다.\n\n| 어색한 사물 높임 | 자연스러운 표현 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 커피 나오셨습니다. | 커피 나왔습니다. |\n| 가격이 오천 원이세요. | 가격이 오천 원입니다. |\n| 주문하신 상품이 품절이세요. | 주문하신 상품이 품절입니다. |\n\n:::tip\n사물과 관련된 **사람의 행동**은 높일 수 있습니다. *고객님께서 주문하신 상품*에서 **주문하신**은 고객님의 행동을 높이고, 상품을 높이는 것이 아닙니다.\n:::\n\n## 4. 간접 높임의 범위\n\n높여야 하는 사람의 신체, 성질, 가족과 밀접하게 관련된 내용을 서술할 때 간접적으로 -시-가 나타날 수 있습니다.\n\n:::example\n- 선생님은 **키가 크세요**.\n- 할머니는 **손이 따뜻하세요**.\n- 아버지는 **걱정이 많으세요**.\n- 직접 높임: 선생님께서 교실에 **계세요**.\n- 간접 높임: 선생님께서는 시간이 **있으세요**. \u002F 말씀이 **있으시겠습니다**.\n:::\n\n| 관계 | 자연스러운 정도 | 예 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 신체·성질처럼 사람과 밀접함 | 간접 높임 가능 | 할아버지는 눈이 좋으세요. |\n| 독립된 소유물 | 사물 높임을 피함 | 선생님의 가방이 무거워요. |\n\n:::note\n간접 높임의 자연스러움은 관계와 맥락에 따라 달라질 수 있습니다. 단순한 물건보다 사람의 신체나 상태처럼 직접 관련된 내용에서 더 자연스럽습니다.\n:::\n\n:::warning\n사람이 어떤 곳에 있는지는 **계시다**로 직접 높여요. 반면 시간이나 말씀처럼 그 사람과 관련된 상태는 **있으시다**를 쓸 수 있어요. *선생님은 시간이 계세요*는 쓰지 않아요.\n:::\n\n## 5. -께서와 -(으)시-의 호응\n\n높임 주격 조사 **께서**를 쓰면 서술어에도 보통 주체 높임이 나타납니다.\n\n- 선생님**께서** 말씀하**셨어요**.\n- 부모님**께서** 서울에 사**세요**.\n- 사장님**께서** 회의를 시작하**셨습니다**.\n\n조사만 높이고 서술어를 높이지 않으면 문맥에 따라 어색할 수 있습니다.\n\n:::warning\n어색함: 선생님께서 교실에 **있어요**.\n\n자연스러움: 선생님께서 교실에 **계세요**.\n:::\n\n## 6. 더 높은 사람 앞에서의 높임\n\n전통적인 **압존법**에서는 더 높은 사람 앞에서 그보다 낮은 사람을 높이지 않았어요. 예를 들어 할아버지께 아버지를 말할 때 **아버지가 아직 안 왔습니다**처럼 말하는 방식이에요.\n\n하지만 현대 표준어에서는 **아버지가 아직 안 오셨습니다**처럼 아버지를 직접 높이는 표현도 허용돼요. 가정·학교·직장에서 익숙한 관습이나 조직의 말하기 방식이 다를 수 있으므로, 상대와 상황에 맞춰 선택하세요.\n\n## 7. 높임 판단 순서\n\n1. 문장의 주어가 누구인지 찾습니다.\n2. 그 주어를 현재 상황에서 높여야 하는지 판단합니다.\n3. 주어가 자신이나 일반 사물이 아닌지 확인합니다.\n4. 간접 높임이면 사람과의 관계가 충분히 밀접한지 봅니다.\n5. 조사, 서술어, 특별 높임말이 서로 어울리는지 점검합니다.\n\n공손한 문장 끝과 주체 높임을 구별하면 불필요하게 -시-를 반복하는 오류를 줄일 수 있습니다.",[1241],{"id":1242,"name":1243,"level":452,"language":9,"isCompleted":1244,"completionPercentage":1245,"totalExercises":81,"completedExercises":1245},"01a09c0b-5893-778d-ae82-1f20cbaf8a88","주체·어휘·객체 높임",false,0,"2026-09-06T20:23:25+00:00","2026-10-11T12:53:37+00:00",[],{"name":1243,"slug":1250,"language":9},"juche-eohwi-gaekche-nopim-b1",[],{"id":1242,"name":1243,"slug":1250,"language":9,"level":452,"introduction":1253,"lessonCount":21,"totalExercises":81,"objectives":1254,"prerequisites":1258,"lessons":1260},"문법 표지, 특수 어휘, 객체 높임을 연결해 누구를 어떤 방식으로 높이는지 체계적으로 익히는 길입니다. -시-, 특수 높임 어휘, 드리다·뵙다·모시다를 대상과 문장 성분에 맞게 선택하는 기준도 익힙니다.",[1255,1256,1257],"주체 높임의 사용 조건과 과잉 높임을 판단할 수 있다.","상황에 맞는 특수 높임 어휘를 선택할 수 있다.","주체 높임과 객체 높임을 구별해 문장을 만들 수 있다.",[1259],"기본 높임 선어말 어미 -시-와 존댓말을 사용할 수 있다.",[1261,1283,1302],{"id":635,"contentId":1262,"slug":637,"title":636,"level":452,"summary":1263,"order":11,"exercises":1264},"pg_2a583499-4718-4c39-9da0-709f659cf9f6","-시-의 사용 여부를 주체의 자격과 높임 관계에 따라 판단한다.",[1265,1269,1272,1276,1280],{"id":1266,"title":1267,"order":1245,"type":1268},"01a07864-054e-7348-9215-4c9e70a17d60","높임의 대상과 형태 고르기","word_select",{"id":1270,"title":1271,"order":11,"type":1268},"01a07864-0566-7962-aead-91baaf31fdde","Choose the right scope of honorification",{"id":1273,"title":1274,"order":16,"type":1275},"01a07864-057e-7c43-bced-8ac102dbe0fe","Build sentences within honorific limits","sentence_builder",{"id":1277,"title":1278,"order":21,"type":1279},"01a0e1ac-7b39-71a1-a1d7-6f31fac9d9cc","Sort subject honorification forms","word_sort",{"id":1281,"title":1282,"order":26,"type":1279},"01a0e1ac-7b3f-7b13-b0b9-5c8275a4697f","Sort the limits of subject honorification",{"id":640,"contentId":1284,"slug":642,"title":641,"level":452,"summary":1285,"order":16,"exercises":1286},"pg_629f66b5-eb1b-4689-92c1-b2a79e6a3cf5","계시다·잡수시다·주무시다 같은 특수 높임 어휘를 대상과 상황에 맞게 쓴다.",[1287,1290,1293,1296,1299],{"id":1288,"title":1289,"order":1245,"type":1268},"01a07864-1837-77db-9faa-42bee3f21f0d","상황에 맞는 특수 높임말 고르기",{"id":1291,"title":1292,"order":11,"type":1268},"01a07864-1851-7302-99ee-8789539938c4","높임의 대상과 방향 구별하기",{"id":1294,"title":1295,"order":16,"type":1275},"01a07864-186d-7ca2-acca-82af141eb78d","특수 높임말 문장 만들기",{"id":1297,"title":1298,"order":21,"type":1279},"01a0e1ac-7cd5-7875-9343-47b0ba6aca63","Special Honorific Vocabulary: Words and Meanings",{"id":1300,"title":1301,"order":26,"type":1279},"01a0e1ac-7cdd-7ea1-9352-2fbf20077012","Special Honorific Vocabulary: Direction and Usage",{"id":645,"contentId":1303,"slug":647,"title":646,"level":452,"summary":1304,"order":21,"exercises":1305},"pg_4c07eb7c-6db6-4735-9301-4d04e5ce8431","드리다·뵙다·모시다로 목적어나 부사어가 가리키는 사람을 높인다.",[1306,1309,1312,1315,1318],{"id":1307,"title":1308,"order":1245,"type":1268},"01a07863-ebf8-7336-ba5e-30e1bd092b57","누구에게 어떻게 드릴까요?",{"id":1310,"title":1311,"order":11,"type":1268},"01a07863-ec12-7ba6-86f3-faddeb8a468a","뵙고 모시는 자리",{"id":1313,"title":1314,"order":16,"type":1275},"01a07863-ec2d-76b0-a301-1f532a2627d8","높임 동사 문장 완성하기",{"id":1316,"title":1317,"order":21,"type":1279},"01a0e1ac-7831-75dc-93c3-28402ad33e88","Object Honorifics: Sort by Action",{"id":1319,"title":1320,"order":26,"type":1279},"01a0e1ac-7838-7db8-b081-f185f2b4cd01","Object Honorifics: Direction and Forms",[1322,1328,1332,1336,1340],{"@id":1323,"@type":1324,"id":1266,"grammarPage":1325,"title":1267,"instructions":1326,"displayOrder":1245,"type":1268,"questionCount":76,"blankCount":76,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1327},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07864-054e-7348-9215-4c9e70a17d60","GrammarExercise","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a07863-dac3-70c2-8fdf-c18535f6353f","문장의 주어와 말하기 상황을 확인하고 가장 알맞은 높임 표현을 고르세요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_4f66a735-e52d-48c8-a65f-59bee8e20053_hero.webp?v=1788726216",{"@id":1329,"@type":1324,"id":1270,"grammarPage":1325,"title":1271,"instructions":1330,"displayOrder":11,"type":1268,"questionCount":71,"blankCount":71,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1331},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07864-0566-7962-aead-91baaf31fdde","Use the stated relationship, honorific convention, and speech style to choose the best Korean form.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_51bf46e4-eb4e-439f-b4f3-fc65231a762f_hero.webp?v=1788726216",{"@id":1333,"@type":1324,"id":1273,"grammarPage":1325,"title":1274,"instructions":1334,"displayOrder":16,"type":1275,"questionCount":56,"blankCount":56,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1335},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07864-057e-7c43-bced-8ac102dbe0fe","Arrange the words to build the sentence that matches the honorific relationship and register. Leave the extra words unused.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_38abbeb4-7a96-4707-b836-86b88d7ab132_hero.webp?v=1788726216",{"@id":1337,"@type":1324,"id":1277,"grammarPage":1325,"title":1278,"instructions":1338,"displayOrder":21,"type":1279,"questionCount":26,"blankCount":1245,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1339},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a0e1ac-7b39-71a1-a1d7-6f31fac9d9cc","Tap each tile, then tap its matching column.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_57413aba-0f60-4f88-88cf-0e32ac5e33eb_hero.webp?v=1790492572",{"@id":1341,"@type":1324,"id":1281,"grammarPage":1325,"title":1282,"instructions":1342,"displayOrder":26,"type":1279,"questionCount":26,"blankCount":1245,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1343},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a0e1ac-7b3f-7b13-b0b9-5c8275a4697f","Read each board’s context. Tap each tile, then tap its matching column.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_12017959-df6a-4f9e-87b5-945f1edc407f_hero.webp?v=1790492572",{"id":1266,"grammarPage":1325,"title":1267,"instructions":1326,"seoTitle":1345,"seoDescription":1346,"displayOrder":1245,"type":1268,"questions":1347,"ogImageUrl":1327},"공식 안내에서 높임 대상과 형태 고르기","원장님께서 로비로 오십니다, 어르신께서 신문을 읽으십니다처럼 문장의 주어와 안내 방송, 도서관 안내 같은 공적인 말하기 상황을 꼼꼼히 확인해 가장 알맞은 높임 표현을 골라 빈칸을 알맞게 채워요. 주체 높임 -(으)시-와 합니다체 종결 형태를 함께 차근차근 연습해요.",[1348],{"id":1349,"sentenceTemplate":1350,"displayOrder":1245,"explanation":1351,"exampleSentence":1352,"blanks":1353},"01a07864-054e-763c-9215-4c9e73572dce","공식 안내 방송에서 원장님을 높여 말합니다. 원장님께서 곧 로비로 __1__.","‘오다’는 받침이 없는 어간이므로 -시-를 붙여 오시-로 만들어요. 합니다체와 결합한 ‘오십니다’는 원장님을 높이고 방송을 듣는 사람에게도 정중한 표현입니다.","부장님께서 먼저 가십니다.",[1354],{"id":1355,"blankNumber":11,"options":1356},"01a07864-054e-75e4-9215-4c9e72964eb4",[1357,1361,1364],{"id":1358,"optionText":1359,"isCorrect":1360,"displayOrder":1245},"01a07864-054e-7548-9215-4c9e70f900fa","오십니다",true,{"id":1362,"optionText":1363,"isCorrect":1244,"displayOrder":11},"01a07864-054e-7590-9215-4c9e713e130e","오으십니다",{"id":1365,"optionText":1366,"isCorrect":1244,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-054e-75bc-9215-4c9e719a4549","옵니다",{"html":1368,"toc":1369},"\u003Cp>주체 높임 **-(으)시-**는 문장의 주어가 높여야 하는 사람일 때 사용합니다. 공손하게 말한다고 해서 모든 서술어에 -시-를 넣는 것은 아닙니다. 누구를 높이는지와 문장 성분의 관계를 정확히 봐야 합니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>주체와 듣는 사람 구별하기\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>주체 높임은 문장의 행동이나 상태를 가진 사람을 높입니다. 듣는 사람에게 공손한지는 문장 끝 말투가 따로 보여 줍니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>문장\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>높이는 대상\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>설명\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>선생님께서 오세요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>선생님\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>주체 높임 + 해요체\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>민수가 옵니다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>없음\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>합니다체(=합쇼체)로 듣는 사람에게 공손함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>할머니가 주무세요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>할머니\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>특수 높임말로 주체를 높임\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>해요체와 합니다체는 문장 끝에서 \u003Cstrong>듣는 사람\u003C\u002Fstrong>에게 공손함을 나타내고, **-(으)시-**와 특수 높임말은 문장의 \u003Cstrong>주어\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 높여요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"-\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.1\u003C\u002Fspan>-(으)시- 형태 만들기\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>어간의 형태\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>높임 형태\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>예\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>받침 있는 어간 + \u003Cstrong>-으시-\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>읽으세요, 앉으십니다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>책을 읽으세요. \u002F 의자에 앉으십니다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>받침 없는 어간 + \u003Cstrong>-시-\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>가세요, 오십니다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>지금 가세요. \u002F 곧 오십니다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>ㄹ 받침 탈락 + \u003Cstrong>-시-\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>사세요, 만드세요\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>살다 → 사세요. \u002F 만들다 → 만드세요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"section-2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.2\u003C\u002Fspan>자주 쓰는 특수 높임말\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>기본말\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>주체를 높이는 말\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>먹다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>드시다 \u002F 잡수시다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>자다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>주무시다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>있다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>계시다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>말하다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>말씀하시다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>죽다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>돌아가시다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>아프다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>편찮으시다\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>민수 씨, 선생님께서 지금 교실에 계세요.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>듣는 사람은 민수 씨이지만, \u003Cstrong>계시다\u003C\u002Fstrong>로 높이는 사람은 문장의 주어인 선생님입니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-3\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>자기 자신은 높이지 않기\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>말하는 사람이 자신의 행동을 설명할 때는 보통 주체 높임을 사용하지 않습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>✓ 저는 내일 부산에 \u003Cstrong>가요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✗ 저는 내일 부산에 \u003Cstrong>가세요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✓ 제가 자료를 \u003Cstrong>보냈습니다\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✗ 제가 자료를 \u003Cstrong>보내셨습니다\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>자신을 낮추는 표현이 필요하면 \u003Cem>저, 제가, 드리다, 말씀드리다\u003C\u002Fem> 같은 겸양 표현을 사용하지만, 자신의 동사에 -시-를 붙이지 않습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-4\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>일반 사물을 높이지 않기\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>가격, 상품, 주문, 서류 같은 사물은 높임의 대상이 아닙니다. 서비스 상황에서 들을 수 있어도 표준적인 표현에서는 사물 자체에 -시-를 붙이지 않습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>커피 나오셨습니다\u003C\u002Fstrong> 같은 말은 서비스 현장에서 매우 자주 들리지만, 규범에서는 높임의 대상이 사람이므로 커피 같은 사물에 -시-를 붙이는 표현은 벗어납니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>어색한 사물 높임\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>자연스러운 표현\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>커피 나오셨습니다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>커피 나왔습니다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>가격이 오천 원이세요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>가격이 오천 원입니다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>주문하신 상품이 품절이세요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>주문하신 상품이 품절입니다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>사물과 관련된 \u003Cstrong>사람의 행동\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 높일 수 있습니다. \u003Cem>고객님께서 주문하신 상품\u003C\u002Fem>에서 \u003Cstrong>주문하신\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 고객님의 행동을 높이고, 상품을 높이는 것이 아닙니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-5\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>간접 높임의 범위\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>높여야 하는 사람의 신체, 성질, 가족과 밀접하게 관련된 내용을 서술할 때 간접적으로 -시-가 나타날 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>선생님은 \u003Cstrong>키가 크세요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>할머니는 \u003Cstrong>손이 따뜻하세요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>아버지는 \u003Cstrong>걱정이 많으세요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>직접 높임: 선생님께서 교실에 \u003Cstrong>계세요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>간접 높임: 선생님께서는 시간이 \u003Cstrong>있으세요\u003C\u002Fstrong>. \u002F 말씀이 \u003Cstrong>있으시겠습니다\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>관계\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>자연스러운 정도\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>예\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>신체·성질처럼 사람과 밀접함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>간접 높임 가능\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>할아버지는 눈이 좋으세요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>독립된 소유물\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>사물 높임을 피함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>선생님의 가방이 무거워요.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>간접 높임의 자연스러움은 관계와 맥락에 따라 달라질 수 있습니다. 단순한 물건보다 사람의 신체나 상태처럼 직접 관련된 내용에서 더 자연스럽습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>사람이 어떤 곳에 있는지는 \u003Cstrong>계시다\u003C\u002Fstrong>로 직접 높여요. 반면 시간이나 말씀처럼 그 사람과 관련된 상태는 \u003Cstrong>있으시다\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 쓸 수 있어요. \u003Cem>선생님은 시간이 계세요\u003C\u002Fem>는 쓰지 않아요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"--2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>-께서와 -(으)시-의 호응\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>높임 주격 조사 \u003Cstrong>께서\u003C\u002Fstrong>를 쓰면 서술어에도 보통 주체 높임이 나타납니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>선생님\u003Cstrong>께서\u003C\u002Fstrong> 말씀하\u003Cstrong>셨어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>부모님\u003Cstrong>께서\u003C\u002Fstrong> 서울에 사\u003Cstrong>세요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>사장님\u003Cstrong>께서\u003C\u002Fstrong> 회의를 시작하\u003Cstrong>셨습니다\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>조사만 높이고 서술어를 높이지 않으면 문맥에 따라 어색할 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>어색함: 선생님께서 교실에 \u003Cstrong>있어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>자연스러움: 선생님께서 교실에 \u003Cstrong>계세요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-6\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">6.\u003C\u002Fspan>더 높은 사람 앞에서의 높임\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>전통적인 \u003Cstrong>압존법\u003C\u002Fstrong>에서는 더 높은 사람 앞에서 그보다 낮은 사람을 높이지 않았어요. 예를 들어 할아버지께 아버지를 말할 때 \u003Cstrong>아버지가 아직 안 왔습니다\u003C\u002Fstrong>처럼 말하는 방식이에요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>하지만 현대 표준어에서는 \u003Cstrong>아버지가 아직 안 오셨습니다\u003C\u002Fstrong>처럼 아버지를 직접 높이는 표현도 허용돼요. 가정·학교·직장에서 익숙한 관습이나 조직의 말하기 방식이 다를 수 있으므로, 상대와 상황에 맞춰 선택하세요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-7\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">7.\u003C\u002Fspan>높임 판단 순서\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>문장의 주어가 누구인지 찾습니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>그 주어를 현재 상황에서 높여야 하는지 판단합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>주어가 자신이나 일반 사물이 아닌지 확인합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>간접 높임이면 사람과의 관계가 충분히 밀접한지 봅니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>조사, 서술어, 특별 높임말이 서로 어울리는지 점검합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cp>공손한 문장 끝과 주체 높임을 구별하면 불필요하게 -시-를 반복하는 오류를 줄일 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",[1370,1374,1378,1382,1386,1390,1394,1398,1402],{"id":1371,"text":1372,"depth":16,"number":1373},"section","주체와 듣는 사람 구별하기","1",{"id":1375,"text":1376,"depth":21,"number":1377},"-","-(으)시- 형태 만들기","1.1",{"id":1379,"text":1380,"depth":21,"number":1381},"section-2","자주 쓰는 특수 높임말","1.2",{"id":1383,"text":1384,"depth":16,"number":1385},"section-3","자기 자신은 높이지 않기","2",{"id":1387,"text":1388,"depth":16,"number":1389},"section-4","일반 사물을 높이지 않기","3",{"id":1391,"text":1392,"depth":16,"number":1393},"section-5","간접 높임의 범위","4",{"id":1395,"text":1396,"depth":16,"number":1397},"--2","-께서와 -(으)시-의 호응","5",{"id":1399,"text":1400,"depth":16,"number":1401},"section-6","더 높은 사람 앞에서의 높임","6",{"id":1403,"text":1404,"depth":16,"number":1405},"section-7","높임 판단 순서","7"]