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정보 초점","eosun-idong-gwa-jeongbo-chojeom",165,{"id":836,"title":837,"slug":838,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":839},"01a07863-dab5-740e-83b8-33f381df3c93","조사 결합과 의미 범위","josa-gyeolhap-gwa-uimi-beomwi",166,{"id":841,"title":842,"slug":843,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":844},"01a07863-d717-7c49-836e-9cd2147ab799","보조사 '-조차·-마저·-까지도'","bojosa-jocha-majeo-kkajido",167,{"id":846,"title":847,"slug":848,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":849},"01a07863-d987-7c0b-91c8-c3837f99a60f","하오체의 형태와 사용 맥락","haoche-ui-hyeongtae-wa-maengnak",168,{"id":851,"title":852,"slug":853,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":854},"01a07863-d94e-7f7d-bd36-aea815da0959","하게체의 형태와 사용 맥락","hageche-ui-hyeongtae-wa-maengnak",169,{"id":856,"title":857,"slug":858,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":859},"01a07863-d858-74ca-b8ff-d9b13d4b0e74","간접 부탁과 완곡한 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태도","inyong-dongsa-ui-seontaek",195,{"id":987,"title":988,"slug":989,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":990},"01a07863-d70b-7796-861c-b6fde39f3320","비인칭 피동과 책임 회피","biinching-pidong-gwa-chaegim-hoepi",196,{"id":992,"title":993,"slug":994,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":995},"01a07863-dbfe-7715-a73d-d97b70250059","사동 구문과 책임의 범위","sadong-gumun-gwa-chaegim-beomwi",197,{"id":997,"title":998,"slug":999,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1000},"01a07863-dba0-7c89-90d4-2eef83532006","높임 표현의 충돌과 우선순위","nopim-pyohyeon-ui-chungdol",198,{"id":1002,"title":1003,"slug":1004,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1005},"01a07863-db20-75e4-9e91-1851bedaec66","말하기 등급의 전환과 관계 재조정","malhagi-deunggeup-ui-jeonhwan",199,{"id":1007,"title":1008,"slug":1009,"language":9,"level":899,"displayOrder":1010},"01a07863-dcba-7864-9960-b92f40934922","완곡어법과 체면 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차이","jeongdoseong-geukdanseong-ui-chai",215,{"id":1087,"title":1088,"slug":1089,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1091},"01a07863-d96c-7023-bb30-3a3d8f787aa2","한글 맞춤법의 역사적 변화","hangeul-matchumbeop-ui-yeoksajeok-byeonhwa","C2",216,{"id":1093,"title":1094,"slug":1095,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1096},"01a07863-db03-771f-a039-b9257e399114","중세 한국어 문법의 현대 한국어 흔적","jungse-hangugeo-munbeop-ui-heunjeok",217,{"id":1098,"title":1099,"slug":1100,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1101},"01a07863-da9b-74e0-aa05-b70e5e015c3d","지역·세대·사용역에 따른 발음 변이","jiyeok-sedae-sayongyeok-bareum-byeoni",218,{"id":1103,"title":1104,"slug":1105,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1106},"01a07863-d8dd-7b49-bcf9-020299f60a53","고전 문헌의 말하기 등급","gojeon-munheon-ui-malhagi-deunggeup",219,{"id":1108,"title":1109,"slug":1110,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1111},"01a07863-d8e4-7f0a-9847-6e75a50aa53d","고전적 높임 표현과 현대의 잔존형","gojeonjeok-nopim-pyohyeon",220,{"id":1113,"title":1114,"slug":1115,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1116},"01a07863-d6d4-7878-ad37-a4982f125903","방언의 말하기 등급과 사회적 의미","bangeon-ui-malhagi-deunggeup",221,{"id":1118,"title":1119,"slug":1120,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1121},"01a07863-d80d-7c71-85f6-c3236a70cc6b","언어 형식의 사회적 지표성","eoneo-hyeongsik-ui-sahoejeok-jipyoseong",222,{"id":1123,"title":1124,"slug":1125,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1126},"01a07863-d737-779b-ad54-78d521a176d0","복합 사용역과 문체 혼합","bokhap-sayongyeok-gwa-munche-honhap",223,{"id":1128,"title":1129,"slug":1130,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1131},"01a07863-da4d-7c0e-aee9-47ad0c32ab41","전달 정보의 증거성과 화자 개입","jeondal-jeongbo-jeunggeoseong-hwaja-gaeip",224,{"id":1133,"title":1134,"slug":1135,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1136},"01a07863-d9f3-784c-8444-b4e48a91a5f4","인식·당위·능력 양태의 중첩","insik-dangwi-neungnyeok-yangtae-jungcheop",225,{"id":1138,"title":1139,"slug":1140,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1141},"01a07863-d87d-7421-a10d-016685c3019e","극도로 중첩된 종속 구조","geukdoro-jungcheopdoen-jongsok-gujo",226,{"id":1143,"title":1144,"slug":1145,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1146},"01a07863-db6c-76c8-9d8d-1bf0ff302356","명사구 내부의 다중 수식 범위","myeongsagu-naebu-dajung-susik-beomwi",227,{"id":1148,"title":1149,"slug":1150,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1151},"01a07863-d7a7-7713-b582-4635b340fb8c","다층 인용과 발화 책임","dachung-inyong-gwa-balhwa-chaegim",228,{"id":1153,"title":1154,"slug":1155,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1156},"01a07863-dc93-7bf7-baaf-646f405d0a93","통사적 중의성과 구조 해석","tongsajeok-junguiseong-gujo-haeseok",229,{"id":1158,"title":1159,"slug":1160,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1161},"01a07863-d747-7d02-9170-02c9242f260d","부정의 범위와 중의성","bujeong-ui-beomwi-wa-junguiseong",230,{"id":1163,"title":1164,"slug":1165,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1166},"01a07863-dc82-74cf-aed9-03ef012ba1ae","수량사의 작용역과 범위","suryangsa-ui-jagyongyeok-gwa-beomwi",231,{"id":1168,"title":1169,"slug":1170,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1171},"01a07863-d7c0-7033-8973-1acd78835224","다중 주제 구조와 화제 계층","dajung-juje-gujo-hwaje-gyecheung",232,{"id":1173,"title":1174,"slug":1175,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1176},"01a07863-db0f-7d14-b181-22045286272f","좌측·우측 전위와 담화 기능","jwacheuk-ucheuk-jeonwi",233,{"id":1178,"title":1179,"slug":1180,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1181},"01a07863-d75d-772e-9d3e-5b6275433f2d","분열문과 초점 구조","bunyeolmun-gwa-chojeom-gujo",234,{"id":1183,"title":1184,"slug":1185,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1186},"01a07863-dc88-7813-ac0c-b5506052d4fc","수사적 생략과 여백의 효과","susajeok-saengnyak-gwa-yeobaek",235,{"id":1188,"title":1189,"slug":1190,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1191},"01a07863-dc1b-7dc0-832f-4f108853f305","상호 텍스트성과 변형 인용","sangho-tekseuteuseong-byeonhyeong-inyong",236,{"id":1193,"title":1194,"slug":1195,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1196},"01a07863-d979-798b-b0e1-1f25c0511cbb","한자어 중심 문체의 압축성","hanjaeo-jungsim-munche-ui-apchukseong",237,{"id":1198,"title":1199,"slug":1200,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1201},"01a07863-d6ec-7d59-96d2-3ffd339ca6c2","법률·행정 문체의 문법","beomnyul-haengjeong-munche-ui-munbeop",238,{"id":1203,"title":1204,"slug":1205,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1206},"01a07863-d95e-724f-aebc-136eef75e32d","학술 문체의 고도 명사화","haksul-munche-ui-godo-myeongsahwa",239,{"id":1208,"title":1209,"slug":1210,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1211},"01a07863-db4f-75fe-832e-52c746aeace4","문학 서사의 시점과 화자","munhak-seosa-ui-sijeom-gwa-hwaja",240,{"id":1213,"title":1214,"slug":1215,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1216},"01a07863-da34-7109-a69e-dcc4f425ced7","자유 간접 화법과 의식의 표현","jayu-ganjeop-hwabeop",241,{"id":1218,"title":1219,"slug":1220,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1221},"01a07863-dc71-7158-bad9-cc4b5c91a482","속담·관용구의 변형과 재맥락화","sokdam-gwanyonggu-byeonhyeong",242,{"id":1223,"title":1224,"slug":1225,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1226},"01a07863-dcb3-7256-be14-3efead0203a1","의성어·의태어의 파생과 활용","uiseongeo-uitaeeo-pasaeng-hwaryong",243,{"id":1228,"title":1229,"slug":1230,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1231},"01a07863-dc69-7a26-9a3b-aaffc3c91e21","신조어의 파생 문법과 확장","sinjoeo-ui-pasaeng-munbeop",244,{"id":1233,"title":1234,"slug":1235,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1236},"01a07863-db09-7a45-a9a7-3b2525079877","중의성과 응집성을 다듬는 고급 퇴고","junguiseong-eungjipseong-gogeup-toego",245,{"id":866,"title":867,"slug":868,"seoDescription":1238,"content":1239,"language":9,"level":683,"displayOrder":869,"grammarTopics":1240,"createdAt":1246,"updatedAt":1247,"vocabularyLists":1248,"primaryTopicHub":1451,"readyImages":1453},"B2 한국어 담화에서 주제를 자연스럽게 유지하고 전환하는 방법을 익힙니다. 은\u002F는, 지시 표현, 생략, 그런데와 한편 같은 연결어를 활용해 대상을 분명히 잇고, 새 주제로 옮길 때 경계를 알리며 말과 글의 흐름을 명확하고 체계적으로 구성하는 법을 배웁니다.","여러 문장으로 말하거나 쓸 때는 지금 무엇에 관해 이야기하는지가 계속 보여야 합니다. 한국어는 이미 알려진 성분을 자주 생략하므로, 주제를 자연스럽게 잇는 능력과 필요한 순간에 다시 밝혀 주는 능력이 모두 중요합니다.\n\n주제 전환도 갑자기 새 명사를 꺼내는 것만으로 끝나지 않습니다. **이와 관련해**, **한편**, **다음으로** 같은 표현으로 담화의 경계를 알려야 듣는 사람이 흐름을 놓치지 않습니다.\n\n## 1. 주제와 문장의 초점 구별하기\n\n조사 **은\u002F는**은 담화에서 무엇을 중심으로 말할지 제시하거나 이미 나온 대상을 다시 세울 수 있습니다. 반면 **이\u002F가**는 특정 문장에서 새 정보나 초점이 되는 대상을 드러내는 경우가 많습니다.\n\n| 문장 | 담화에서의 역할 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 이번 조사의 목적**은** 이용자의 요구를 확인하는 것입니다. | ‘조사의 목적’을 주제로 설정함 |\n| 가장 큰 문제**는** 응답률이 낮다는 점입니다. | 같은 큰 주제 안에서 하위 주제를 제시함 |\n| 응답률**이** 특히 낮았습니다. | 낮았던 대상에 초점을 둠 |\n\n:::example\n**새 도서관은 지난달에 문을 열었습니다. 건물은 세 층으로 되어 있고, 1층에는 어린이 자료실이 있습니다. 이용 시간은 평일 오전 아홉 시부터 오후 여덟 시까지입니다.**\n\n첫 문장에서 ‘새 도서관’을 세운 뒤, *건물*, *1층*, *이용 시간*이라는 하위 주제로 범위를 좁혀 가므로 전체 담화가 한 대상 안에서 이어집니다.\n:::\n\n## 2. 같은 대상을 자연스럽게 이어 가기\n\n한 번 소개한 대상을 모든 문장에서 똑같이 반복하면 글이 무거워집니다. 문맥이 분명할 때는 생략하거나 지시 표현으로 연결할 수 있습니다.\n\n| 연결 방법 | 사용 조건 | 예문 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 명사 반복 | 다른 대상과 혼동될 가능성이 큼 | 새 제도는 다음 달 시행된다. **새 제도는** 세 단계로 운영된다. |\n| 생략 | 주체나 대상이 분명함 | 담당자가 자료를 확인했고, 곧 결과를 알려 주었다. |\n| 지시 표현 | 앞의 내용 전체나 대상을 다시 가리킴 | 시스템을 교체했다. **이 변화로** 처리 속도가 빨라졌다. |\n| 상위·하위어 | 대상을 다른 범위에서 설명함 | 장미를 심었다. **이 식물은** 햇빛이 필요하다. |\n\n:::tip\n생략한 자리에 둘 이상의 대상이 들어갈 수 있다면 명사를 다시 쓰세요. 반복을 피하는 것보다 **누가 무엇을 했는지** 분명하게 만드는 것이 우선입니다.\n:::\n\n## 3. 주제를 유지하는 연결 표현\n\n연결어는 문장 사이의 논리 관계를 보여 주면서 같은 주제 안에 머물게 합니다.\n\n- **이와 관련해, 이 점에서**: 앞의 내용과 직접 관련된 설명을 덧붙입니다.\n- **또한, 더 나아가**: 같은 방향의 정보를 추가합니다.\n- **반면에, 그러나**: 같은 주제 안에서 대조되는 면을 보여 줍니다.\n- **따라서, 그 결과**: 앞의 원인이나 판단에서 결과를 이끌어 냅니다.\n\n:::example\n**온라인 신청은 시간을 절약할 수 있습니다. 이와 관련해 모바일 화면도 개선되었습니다. 또한 처리 결과를 문자로 받을 수 있습니다. 반면에 본인 인증 절차는 이전보다 복잡해졌습니다.**\n\n연결어마다 관계는 다르지만 모두 ‘온라인 신청’이라는 큰 주제 안에서 정보를 조직합니다.\n:::\n\n## 4. 새 주제로 전환하는 방법\n\n주제를 바꿀 때는 이전 주제와의 관계 및 새 주제의 범위를 알려 주는 것이 좋습니다.\n\n1. 이전 내용을 짧게 정리하거나 마무리합니다.\n2. **그런데, 한편, 다음으로**처럼 전환의 종류를 보여 주는 표현을 고릅니다.\n3. 새 주제를 명사로 분명하게 제시합니다.\n4. 필요하면 전환 이유를 한 문장으로 설명합니다.\n\n| 전환 표현 | 관계 | 예시 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **그런데** | 대화 흐름을 바꾸거나 예상 밖의 내용을 꺼냄 | 그런데 회의 장소는 정해졌어요? |\n| **한편** | 다른 측면이나 병렬 주제로 이동함 | 한편 해외 시장의 반응도 살펴볼 필요가 있다. |\n| **다음으로** | 발표나 글의 순서를 명시함 | 다음으로 예산 문제를 검토하겠습니다. |\n| **말씀하신 일정과 관련해서** | 상대의 앞선 발언에서 새 하위 주제로 연결함 | 말씀하신 일정과 관련해서 한 가지 질문이 있습니다. |\n\n## 5. 대화와 글에서의 전환 차이\n\n대화에서는 상대의 발언권과 반응을 고려해야 합니다. **그 얘기가 나와서 말인데**, **그런데 아까 말씀하신 부분은**처럼 앞말을 받아 전환하면 갑작스러운 느낌이 줄어듭니다.\n\n글에서는 독자가 바로 질문할 수 없으므로 구조를 더 명시해야 합니다. 문단 첫 문장에서 **지금까지 원인을 살펴보았다. 다음으로 해결 방안을 검토한다**처럼 이전 부분과 다음 부분을 함께 안내할 수 있습니다.\n\n:::note\n**그런데**는 단순한 반대만 나타내지 않습니다. 대화에서는 관련성이 느슨한 새 화제를 시작하는 표지로도 자주 쓰입니다. 공식적인 글에서는 관계가 더 정확한 *반면에*, *한편*, *그러나* 등을 선택하는 편이 좋습니다.\n:::\n\n## 6. 모호한 지시와 갑작스러운 전환\n\n:::warning\n**민수는 준호에게 보고서를 주고 수정하라고 했다. 그는 시간이 없었다.**에서 *그*가 누구인지는 분명하지 않습니다. **민수는 시간이 없었기 때문에 준호에게 보고서 수정을 부탁했다**처럼 대상을 다시 밝히거나 문장 구조를 바꾸세요.\n:::\n\n새 주제 앞에 연결어만 붙인다고 자연스러운 것은 아닙니다. *한편* 뒤에는 앞의 내용과 비교하거나 나란히 볼 수 있는 측면이 와야 합니다. 관계가 전혀 없다면 이전 주제를 마무리하고 새 문단에서 주제를 직접 제시하는 것이 낫습니다.\n\n## 7. 담화 흐름 점검표\n\n말하거나 쓴 뒤에는 다음을 확인합니다.\n\n- 첫 문장에서 중심 주제가 드러나는가?\n- 생략되거나 지시된 대상이 하나로 해석되는가?\n- 각 연결어가 추가, 대조, 결과, 전환의 관계를 정확히 나타내는가?\n- 새 주제로 갈 때 듣는 사람이나 독자가 경계를 알아차릴 수 있는가?\n- 전환한 뒤 새 주제가 충분히 유지되는가?\n\n주제 유지에는 무조건적인 반복이 아니라 적절한 생략과 재지시가 필요합니다. 주제 전환에는 화려한 연결어보다 이전 흐름과 새 흐름의 관계를 정확히 표시하는 것이 중요합니다.",[1241],{"id":1242,"name":1243,"level":683,"language":9,"isCompleted":1244,"completionPercentage":1245,"totalExercises":51,"completedExercises":1245},"01a09c0b-58b1-741d-b533-dc96f0c5fc33","주제 흐름과 담화 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않아요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_f4e60e817ecb9c76_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1420,"vocabularyWord":1421,"displayOrder":86},"01a07865-2d3d-7b26-96dd-9f7e5863e75b",{"id":1422,"word":1423,"frequency":46,"level":452,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1424,"partsOfSpeech":1425,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1430},"01a07864-24e1-75bf-baee-e5e4de47dc90","한편","tts_3bb8f59c0e90349d_ko-KR.mp3",[1426],{"id":1427,"partOfSpeech":1393,"definition":1428,"exampleSentences":1429,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-250e-7767-9263-08ecd24d1b45","다른 측면이나 동시에 관련된 내용을 제시할 때 쓰는 말.","온라인 수업은 편리하다. 한편 집중하기 어렵다는 의견도 있다.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_3bb8f59c0e90349d_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1432,"vocabularyWord":1433,"displayOrder":91},"01a07865-2d3d-7b42-96dd-9f7e58a3419a",{"id":1434,"word":1435,"frequency":41,"level":452,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1436,"partsOfSpeech":1437,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1440},"01a07864-2588-7dd6-a72a-7dec83f66c18","다음으로","tts_a72a4e990cb80f4e_ko-KR.mp3",[1438],{"id":1439,"partOfSpeech":1262,"definition":1276,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-25ac-7daf-aeb4-811b926721ee","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_a72a4e990cb80f4e_ko-KR.mp3",{"id":1442,"vocabularyWord":1443,"displayOrder":96},"01a07865-2d3d-7b5e-96dd-9f7e5991c193",{"id":1444,"word":1445,"frequency":41,"level":452,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1446,"partsOfSpeech":1447,"audio":1265,"audioUrl":1450},"01a07864-2744-7cc3-af9a-f919539c3959","이러한","tts_510cd2b4f31c4c26_ko-KR.mp3",[1448],{"id":1449,"partOfSpeech":1262,"definition":1276,"isPrimary":1265,"meaningOrder":11},"01a07864-2780-7949-a384-76b2aa4123da","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_510cd2b4f31c4c26_ko-KR.mp3",{"name":1243,"slug":1452,"language":9},"juje-heuleum-damhwa-eungjipseong-b2",[],{"id":1242,"name":1243,"slug":1452,"language":9,"level":683,"introduction":1455,"lessonCount":21,"totalExercises":51,"objectives":1456,"prerequisites":1460,"lessons":1462},"글과 대화의 주제를 이어 가고 지시 대상을 연결한 뒤, 대조 초점으로 숨은 비교까지 읽어 내는 길입니다. 조사와 담화 표지, 지시어와 대용어를 이용해 독자가 선행 대상을 놓치지 않도록 글의 연결을 다듬습니다.",[1457,1458,1459],"주제 유지와 전환에 알맞은 조사와 담화 표지를 선택할 수 있다.","지시어와 대용어의 선행 대상을 명확히 연결할 수 있다.","대조 초점이 암시하는 생략된 비교 대상을 추론할 수 있다.",[1461],"B1의 담화 표지와 은\u002F는·이\u002F가 정보 구조를 이해한다.",[1463,1478,1491],{"id":866,"contentId":1464,"slug":868,"title":867,"level":683,"summary":1465,"order":11,"exercises":1466},"pg_5b11c97e-1091-4157-acaa-adf7c27ae48e","조사와 담화 표지를 활용해 주제를 유지하거나 자연스럽게 전환한다.",[1467,1471,1474],{"id":1468,"title":1469,"order":1245,"type":1470},"01a07864-06cd-773e-85d1-168def5c9cea","주제 유지와 분명한 지시","word_select",{"id":1472,"title":1473,"order":11,"type":1470},"01a07864-06eb-752a-b80b-ad6b20e7ae78","전환 표지와 담화의 경계",{"id":1475,"title":1476,"order":16,"type":1477},"01a07864-0706-71da-b624-de7f07d82855","Build a Clear Topic Flow","sentence_builder",{"id":876,"contentId":1479,"slug":878,"title":877,"level":683,"summary":1480,"order":16,"exercises":1481},"pg_1cd8a570-b86d-4889-b11c-368801a99553","지시어와 대용어가 가리키는 대상을 분명히 해 문장 사이의 응집성을 만든다.",[1482,1485,1488],{"id":1483,"title":1484,"order":1245,"type":1470},"01a07864-038a-765e-814e-805a63cc0de8","Reference and substitution in context",{"id":1486,"title":1487,"order":11,"type":1470},"01a07864-03a2-74c4-b191-3f359d429623","Clarify antecedents and reference chains",{"id":1489,"title":1490,"order":16,"type":1477},"01a07864-03bf-7ac5-becf-cda2ee82031e","Build clear Korean reference chains",{"id":871,"contentId":1492,"slug":873,"title":872,"level":683,"summary":1493,"order":21,"exercises":1494},"pg_e1e09325-b7a3-444a-9297-1c11904f092e","은\u002F는과 보조사로 대조 초점을 세우고 생략된 비교 대상을 추론한다.",[1495,1498,1501],{"id":1496,"title":1497,"order":1245,"type":1470},"01a07863-e711-71ed-afe9-4ef4ea1f6757","Focus particles and their scope",{"id":1499,"title":1500,"order":11,"type":1470},"01a07863-e72b-7149-9c58-72e9f1a3c87c","Partial negation and explicit comparison",{"id":1502,"title":1503,"order":16,"type":1477},"01a07863-e742-7ae4-813d-9c92799dcb2d","Build sentences with focus and comparison",[1505,1511,1515],{"@id":1506,"@type":1507,"id":1468,"grammarPage":1508,"title":1469,"instructions":1509,"displayOrder":1245,"type":1470,"questionCount":76,"blankCount":76,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1510},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07864-06cd-773e-85d1-168def5c9cea","GrammarExercise","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a07863-daea-78bd-9775-deb44fd9bdc1","담화의 중심과 문장 초점을 구별하고, 같은 대상을 명확하게 이어 주는 조사와 표현을 고르세요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_e94266a3-d159-47b9-839e-cbc58007c8ca_hero.webp?v=1788726216",{"@id":1512,"@type":1507,"id":1472,"grammarPage":1508,"title":1473,"instructions":1513,"displayOrder":11,"type":1470,"questionCount":76,"blankCount":76,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1514},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07864-06eb-752a-b80b-ad6b20e7ae78","Choose the connector that best expresses addition, contrast, cause and effect, or a change of topic.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_1739ba5d-a0c7-4cbe-8062-51cdf2a53063_hero.webp?v=1788726216",{"@id":1516,"@type":1507,"id":1475,"grammarPage":1508,"title":1476,"instructions":1517,"displayOrder":16,"type":1477,"questionCount":61,"blankCount":61,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1518},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a07864-0706-71da-b624-de7f07d82855","Tap the cards to build the Korean sentence or sentences that express the intended topic relationship. Three cards are not used.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_f3d06290-bee2-4129-9e8b-57ef874cdb01_hero.webp?v=1788726216",{"id":1468,"grammarPage":1508,"title":1469,"instructions":1509,"seoTitle":1520,"seoDescription":1521,"displayOrder":1245,"type":1470,"questions":1522,"ogImageUrl":1510},"주제를 유지하며 같은 대상을 분명히 잇기","연구의 목적은, 새 회원 제도는처럼 보고서 첫 문장에서 중심 주제를 세우거나 다른 이야기 뒤에 원래 주제로 돌아갈 때 알맞은 조사와 연결 표현을 골라요. 담화의 중심과 문장의 초점을 구별하며, 글 전체에서 같은 대상을 명확하고 자연스럽게 이어 가는 방법을 익혀요.",[1523],{"id":1524,"sentenceTemplate":1525,"displayOrder":1245,"explanation":1526,"exampleSentence":1527,"blanks":1528},"01a07864-06cd-79de-85d1-168df2ed7fd2","[보고서 첫 문장에서 담화의 중심 주제로 설정하기] 이번 연구의 목적__1__ 지역별 교통 수요를 파악하는 것입니다.","보고서 전체에서 다룰 중심을 처음 세우므로 주제 조사 '은'이 알맞아요. '목적은' 뒤에서 그 내용을 설명합니다.","이번 발표의 핵심은 고객의 불편 사항을 분석하는 것입니다.",[1529],{"id":1530,"blankNumber":11,"options":1531},"01a07864-06cd-798e-85d1-168df1f1bb6e",[1532,1535,1538],{"id":1533,"optionText":1534,"isCorrect":1265,"displayOrder":1245},"01a07864-06cd-78ee-85d1-168defd01295","은",{"id":1536,"optionText":1537,"isCorrect":1244,"displayOrder":11},"01a07864-06cd-793a-85d1-168df090cdd3","이",{"id":1539,"optionText":1540,"isCorrect":1244,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-06cd-7966-85d1-168df1364997","을",{"html":1542,"toc":1543},"\u003Cp>여러 문장으로 말하거나 쓸 때는 지금 무엇에 관해 이야기하는지가 계속 보여야 합니다. 한국어는 이미 알려진 성분을 자주 생략하므로, 주제를 자연스럽게 잇는 능력과 필요한 순간에 다시 밝혀 주는 능력이 모두 중요합니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>주제 전환도 갑자기 새 명사를 꺼내는 것만으로 끝나지 않습니다. \u003Cstrong>이와 관련해\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>한편\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>다음으로\u003C\u002Fstrong> 같은 표현으로 담화의 경계를 알려야 듣는 사람이 흐름을 놓치지 않습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>주제와 문장의 초점 구별하기\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>조사 \u003Cstrong>은\u002F는\u003C\u002Fstrong>은 담화에서 무엇을 중심으로 말할지 제시하거나 이미 나온 대상을 다시 세울 수 있습니다. 반면 \u003Cstrong>이\u002F가\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 특정 문장에서 새 정보나 초점이 되는 대상을 드러내는 경우가 많습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>문장\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>담화에서의 역할\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>이번 조사의 목적\u003Cstrong>은\u003C\u002Fstrong> 이용자의 요구를 확인하는 것입니다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>‘조사의 목적’을 주제로 설정함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>가장 큰 문제\u003Cstrong>는\u003C\u002Fstrong> 응답률이 낮다는 점입니다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>같은 큰 주제 안에서 하위 주제를 제시함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>응답률\u003Cstrong>이\u003C\u002Fstrong> 특히 낮았습니다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>낮았던 대상에 초점을 둠\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>새 도서관은 지난달에 문을 열었습니다. 건물은 세 층으로 되어 있고, 1층에는 어린이 자료실이 있습니다. 이용 시간은 평일 오전 아홉 시부터 오후 여덟 시까지입니다.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>첫 문장에서 ‘새 도서관’을 세운 뒤, \u003Cem>건물\u003C\u002Fem>, \u003Cem>1층\u003C\u002Fem>, \u003Cem>이용 시간\u003C\u002Fem>이라는 하위 주제로 범위를 좁혀 가므로 전체 담화가 한 대상 안에서 이어집니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>같은 대상을 자연스럽게 이어 가기\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>한 번 소개한 대상을 모든 문장에서 똑같이 반복하면 글이 무거워집니다. 문맥이 분명할 때는 생략하거나 지시 표현으로 연결할 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>연결 방법\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>사용 조건\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>예문\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>명사 반복\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>다른 대상과 혼동될 가능성이 큼\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>새 제도는 다음 달 시행된다. \u003Cstrong>새 제도는\u003C\u002Fstrong> 세 단계로 운영된다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>생략\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>주체나 대상이 분명함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>담당자가 자료를 확인했고, 곧 결과를 알려 주었다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>지시 표현\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>앞의 내용 전체나 대상을 다시 가리킴\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>시스템을 교체했다. \u003Cstrong>이 변화로\u003C\u002Fstrong> 처리 속도가 빨라졌다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>상위·하위어\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>대상을 다른 범위에서 설명함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>장미를 심었다. \u003Cstrong>이 식물은\u003C\u002Fstrong> 햇빛이 필요하다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>생략한 자리에 둘 이상의 대상이 들어갈 수 있다면 명사를 다시 쓰세요. 반복을 피하는 것보다 \u003Cstrong>누가 무엇을 했는지\u003C\u002Fstrong> 분명하게 만드는 것이 우선입니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-3\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>주제를 유지하는 연결 표현\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>연결어는 문장 사이의 논리 관계를 보여 주면서 같은 주제 안에 머물게 합니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>이와 관련해, 이 점에서\u003C\u002Fstrong>: 앞의 내용과 직접 관련된 설명을 덧붙입니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>또한, 더 나아가\u003C\u002Fstrong>: 같은 방향의 정보를 추가합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>반면에, 그러나\u003C\u002Fstrong>: 같은 주제 안에서 대조되는 면을 보여 줍니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>따라서, 그 결과\u003C\u002Fstrong>: 앞의 원인이나 판단에서 결과를 이끌어 냅니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>온라인 신청은 시간을 절약할 수 있습니다. 이와 관련해 모바일 화면도 개선되었습니다. 또한 처리 결과를 문자로 받을 수 있습니다. 반면에 본인 인증 절차는 이전보다 복잡해졌습니다.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>연결어마다 관계는 다르지만 모두 ‘온라인 신청’이라는 큰 주제 안에서 정보를 조직합니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-4\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>새 주제로 전환하는 방법\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>주제를 바꿀 때는 이전 주제와의 관계 및 새 주제의 범위를 알려 주는 것이 좋습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>이전 내용을 짧게 정리하거나 마무리합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>그런데, 한편, 다음으로\u003C\u002Fstrong>처럼 전환의 종류를 보여 주는 표현을 고릅니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>새 주제를 명사로 분명하게 제시합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>필요하면 전환 이유를 한 문장으로 설명합니다.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>전환 표현\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>관계\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>예시\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>그런데\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>대화 흐름을 바꾸거나 예상 밖의 내용을 꺼냄\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>그런데 회의 장소는 정해졌어요?\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>한편\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>다른 측면이나 병렬 주제로 이동함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>한편 해외 시장의 반응도 살펴볼 필요가 있다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>다음으로\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>발표나 글의 순서를 명시함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>다음으로 예산 문제를 검토하겠습니다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>말씀하신 일정과 관련해서\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>상대의 앞선 발언에서 새 하위 주제로 연결함\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>말씀하신 일정과 관련해서 한 가지 질문이 있습니다.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-5\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>대화와 글에서의 전환 차이\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>대화에서는 상대의 발언권과 반응을 고려해야 합니다. \u003Cstrong>그 얘기가 나와서 말인데\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>그런데 아까 말씀하신 부분은\u003C\u002Fstrong>처럼 앞말을 받아 전환하면 갑작스러운 느낌이 줄어듭니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>글에서는 독자가 바로 질문할 수 없으므로 구조를 더 명시해야 합니다. 문단 첫 문장에서 \u003Cstrong>지금까지 원인을 살펴보았다. 다음으로 해결 방안을 검토한다\u003C\u002Fstrong>처럼 이전 부분과 다음 부분을 함께 안내할 수 있습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>그런데\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 단순한 반대만 나타내지 않습니다. 대화에서는 관련성이 느슨한 새 화제를 시작하는 표지로도 자주 쓰입니다. 공식적인 글에서는 관계가 더 정확한 \u003Cem>반면에\u003C\u002Fem>, \u003Cem>한편\u003C\u002Fem>, \u003Cem>그러나\u003C\u002Fem> 등을 선택하는 편이 좋습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-6\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">6.\u003C\u002Fspan>모호한 지시와 갑작스러운 전환\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>**민수는 준호에게 보고서를 주고 수정하라고 했다. 그는 시간이 없었다.**에서 \u003Cem>그\u003C\u002Fem>가 누구인지는 분명하지 않습니다. \u003Cstrong>민수는 시간이 없었기 때문에 준호에게 보고서 수정을 부탁했다\u003C\u002Fstrong>처럼 대상을 다시 밝히거나 문장 구조를 바꾸세요.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>새 주제 앞에 연결어만 붙인다고 자연스러운 것은 아닙니다. \u003Cem>한편\u003C\u002Fem> 뒤에는 앞의 내용과 비교하거나 나란히 볼 수 있는 측면이 와야 합니다. 관계가 전혀 없다면 이전 주제를 마무리하고 새 문단에서 주제를 직접 제시하는 것이 낫습니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-7\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">7.\u003C\u002Fspan>담화 흐름 점검표\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>말하거나 쓴 뒤에는 다음을 확인합니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>첫 문장에서 중심 주제가 드러나는가?\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>생략되거나 지시된 대상이 하나로 해석되는가?\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>각 연결어가 추가, 대조, 결과, 전환의 관계를 정확히 나타내는가?\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>새 주제로 갈 때 듣는 사람이나 독자가 경계를 알아차릴 수 있는가?\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>전환한 뒤 새 주제가 충분히 유지되는가?\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>주제 유지에는 무조건적인 반복이 아니라 적절한 생략과 재지시가 필요합니다. 주제 전환에는 화려한 연결어보다 이전 흐름과 새 흐름의 관계를 정확히 표시하는 것이 중요합니다.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",[1544,1548,1552,1556,1560,1564,1568],{"id":1545,"text":1546,"depth":16,"number":1547},"section","주제와 문장의 초점 구별하기","1",{"id":1549,"text":1550,"depth":16,"number":1551},"section-2","같은 대상을 자연스럽게 이어 가기","2",{"id":1553,"text":1554,"depth":16,"number":1555},"section-3","주제를 유지하는 연결 표현","3",{"id":1557,"text":1558,"depth":16,"number":1559},"section-4","새 주제로 전환하는 방법","4",{"id":1561,"text":1562,"depth":16,"number":1563},"section-5","대화와 글에서의 전환 차이","5",{"id":1565,"text":1566,"depth":16,"number":1567},"section-6","모호한 지시와 갑작스러운 전환","6",{"id":1569,"text":1570,"depth":16,"number":1571},"section-7","담화 흐름 점검표","7"]