[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-page-ko-teuksu-nopim-eohwi":3,"grammar-exercises-by-page-01a07863-dc8e-76ed-9af3-6a344373bb3a":317,"exercise-list-path-ko-none":353},{"id":4,"title":5,"slug":6,"seoDescription":7,"content":8,"language":9,"level":10,"displayOrder":11,"grammarTopics":12,"createdAt":19,"updatedAt":20,"vocabularyLists":21,"primaryTopicHub":314,"readyImages":316},"01a07863-dc8e-76ed-9af3-6a344373bb3a","특수 높임 어휘","teuksu-nopim-eohwi","일반 단어 대신 사람을 높이는 계시다, 드시다, 주무시다, 말씀하시다와 성함·연세·댁·생신 같은 특수 높임 어휘를 배웁니다. 사람의 존재와 소유에서 계시다\u002F있으시다를 구별하고, 높임을 겹치거나 자신의 행동에 잘못 쓰는 오류를 대화로 바로잡습니다. 공손한 질문도 연습합니다.","한국어에서는 **-(으)시-**만 붙이는 대신 단어 자체를 바꾸어 사람을 높이는 경우가 있습니다. 이런 *특수 높임 어휘*는 자주 쓰는 동사와 사람 관련 명사에서 나타납니다.\n\n## 1. 행동과 상태의 특수 높임말\n\n| 보통 말 | 특수 높임말 | 예문 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 있다 | **계시다** | 선생님께서 교실에 계세요. |\n| 먹다·마시다 | **드시다** | 할머니께서 점심을 드세요. |\n| 식사하다 | **식사하시다** | 할머니께서 식사하세요. |\n| 자다 | **주무시다** | 아버지께서 방에서 주무세요. |\n| 말하다 | **말씀하시다** | 교수님께서 중요한 내용을 말씀하셨어요. |\n| 아프다 | **편찮으시다** | 어머니께서 많이 편찮으세요. |\n| 죽다 | **돌아가시다** | 할아버지께서 작년에 돌아가셨어요. |\n\n구어에서는 높이는 주어 뒤에 **이\u002F가**도 쓸 수 있지만, 격식 있는 말에서는 주체 높임 조사 **께서**를 자주 써요.\n\n:::example\n**가:** 선생님은 어디에 **계세요?**\n\n**나:** 지금 연구실에 **계세요**.\n\n**가:** 할머니는 식사 **하셨어요?**\n\n**나:** 네, 조금 전에 **드셨어요**.\n:::\n\n## 2. 사람과 관련된 높임 명사\n\n높여야 하는 사람의 이름, 나이, 집, 생일 등을 말할 때도 별도의 명사를 사용합니다.\n\n| 보통 명사 | 높임 명사 | 질문 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 이름 | **성함** | 성함이 어떻게 되세요? |\n| 나이 | **연세** | 연세가 어떻게 되세요? |\n| 집 | **댁** | 댁이 어디세요? |\n| 생일 | **생신** | 생신이 언제세요? |\n| 말 | **말씀** | 무슨 말씀이세요? |\n\n:::tip\n처음 만난 사람에게 나이나 집을 묻는 것은 높임말을 써도 부담스러울 수 있습니다. 표현의 높임뿐 아니라 질문이 상황에 적절한지도 생각하세요.\n:::\n\n## 3. 계시다와 있으시다 구별하기\n\n사람이 어느 장소에 존재할 때는 **계시다**를 씁니다. 높여야 하는 사람이 무엇을 소유하거나 시간이 있는 경우에는 **있으시다**가 자연스러울 수 있습니다.\n\n| 뜻 | 표현 | 예문 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 사람의 위치·존재 | 계시다 | 선생님은 사무실에 계세요. |\n| 높이는 사람의 소유 | 있으시다 | 선생님은 차가 있으세요. |\n| 높이는 사람의 시간 | 있으시다 | 오후에 시간이 있으세요? |\n\n:::warning\n사람의 위치에 *있으세요*만 쓰기보다 **계세요**를 사용하세요.\n\n✓ 사장님은 지금 회사에 **계세요**.\n\n△ 사장님은 지금 회사에 **있으세요**.\n\n소유나 시간에는 **있으시다**를 써요. **선생님, 질문이 있으세요?**라고 하고, *선생님, 질문이 계세요?*라고 하지 않아요. 또 **커피 나오셨습니다**처럼 사물에 -시-를 붙이는 과잉 높임도 피하세요.\n:::\n\n## 4. 높임을 겹치지 않기\n\n**계시다**처럼 어휘 자체에 높임이 굳어진 말에는 -시-를 다시 붙이지 않아요.\n\n- 계시다 → **계세요**, *계시세요*가 아님\n- 드시다 → **드세요**가 더 간결하고 규범적이지만, **드시세요**도 널리 쓰여요.\n- 주무시다 → **주무세요**가 더 간결하고 규범적이지만, **주무시세요**도 널리 쓰여요.\n\n**말씀하시다 → 말씀하세요**는 -시-를 겹친 예가 아니에요. **말씀하다**에 주체 높임 **-시-**가 한 번 붙은 정상적인 활용이에요.\n\n:::note\n표면에 *시*가 보이지 않는 **드세요, 주무세요**도 이미 주체를 높이는 표현입니다. 형태를 통째로 익히는 것이 좋습니다.\n:::\n\n## 5. 자신의 행동과 객체 높임 구별하기\n\n특수 주체 높임말은 높여야 하는 사람이 행동의 주체일 때 씁니다. 화자 자신의 행동을 낮추는 말과는 방향이 다릅니다.\n\n| 보통 말 | 높임·겸양 어휘 | 누구를 높이나요? | 예 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 주다 | **드리다** | 객체 | 제가 선생님께 자료를 드렸어요. |\n| 묻다 | **여쭙다\u002F여쭈다** | 객체 | 선생님께 여쭤 봤어요. |\n| 데리고 가다 | **모시다** | 객체 | 부모님을 모시고 병원에 갔어요. |\n| 먹다 | **잡수시다** | 주체 | 할아버지께서 점심을 잡수세요. |\n\n:::example\n- 선생님이 저를 **보셨어요**. → 선생님이 주체\n- 제가 선생님을 **뵈었어요**. → 화자가 자신을 낮춤\n- 교수님이 중요한 내용을 **말씀하셨어요**. → 교수님이 주체\n- 제가 교수님께 **말씀드렸어요**. → 화자가 자신을 낮춤\n:::\n\n:::warning\n자신을 높이는 특수 어휘를 쓰지 마세요.\n\n✓ 저는 집에서 **잤어요**.\n\n✗ 저는 집에서 **주무셨어요**.\n:::\n\n## 6. 핵심 정리\n\n1. 문장의 행동 주체가 높여야 하는 사람인지 확인합니다.\n2. 자주 쓰는 특수 동사와 명사를 통째로 익힙니다.\n3. 위치의 **계시다**와 소유의 **있으시다**를 구별합니다.\n4. **계시다**처럼 높임이 굳어진 말에는 -시-를 중복해서 넣지 않습니다.\n5. 주체 높임과 화자를 낮추는 객체 높임을 방향으로 구별합니다.\n\n높임 어휘는 형태보다 관계가 먼저입니다. 누가 행동하고 누구를 높이는지 확인한 뒤 알맞은 단어를 선택하세요.","ko","B1",127,[13],{"id":14,"name":15,"level":10,"language":9,"isCompleted":16,"completionPercentage":17,"totalExercises":18,"completedExercises":17},"01a09c0b-5893-778d-ae82-1f20cbaf8a88","주체·어휘·객체 높임",false,0,15,"2026-09-06T20:23:25+00:00","2026-10-11T12:53:37+00:00",[22],{"id":23,"title":24,"vocabularyListWords":25,"isPublished":39},"01a07865-2e15-775d-a253-f717177ec43f","사람을 높이는 특수 높임 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높임말로, 높여야 할 사람의 존재나 머무름을 나타내다.","교수님은 지금 연구실에 계세요.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_507a0290cef19153_ko-KR.mp3",8,{"id":125,"vocabularyWord":126,"displayOrder":114},"01a07865-2e15-78e9-a253-f7171b2ca885",{"id":127,"word":128,"frequency":114,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":129,"partsOfSpeech":130,"audio":39,"audioUrl":135},"01a07864-24d2-731d-8ff7-ca62650c10c5","드시다","tts_b8b1f8defea3d8df_ko-KR.mp3",[131],{"id":132,"partOfSpeech":119,"definition":133,"exampleSentences":134,"isPrimary":39,"meaningOrder":40},"01a07864-250d-7076-b94c-1b3f1fbeb497","먹다나 마시다의 높임말.","할머니, 따뜻한 차 좀 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