[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-page-pl-samogloski-nosowe-a-i-e":3,"grammar-exercises-by-page-01a0f20c-827d-7881-9b77-920849fb8f93":259,"exercise-list-path-pl-none":276},{"id":4,"title":5,"slug":6,"seoDescription":7,"content":8,"language":9,"level":10,"displayOrder":11,"grammarTopics":12,"createdAt":19,"updatedAt":20,"vocabularyLists":21,"primaryTopicHub":256,"readyImages":258},"01a0f20c-827d-7881-9b77-920849fb8f93","Samogłoski nosowe ą i ę","samogloski-nosowe-a-i-e","Poznaj wymowę samogłosek ą i ę: nosowe brzmienie, zmiany przed spółgłoskami i na końcu wyrazu. Rozróżniaj wymowę i pisownię prostych polskich słów.","Litery **ą** i **ę** zapisujemy z ogonkiem. Ich wymowa zależy od miejsca w słowie. Poznasz ich nosowe brzmienie, najważniejsze zmiany wymowy oraz różnicę między wymową a pisownią.\n\n## 1. Jak brzmią ą i ę?\n\n**Ą** to nie „a z noskiem”: jego brzmienie jest bliskie **o**. Brzmienie **ę** jest bliskie **e**. Przy wymowie nosowej powietrze płynie przez usta i nos.\n\nPosłuchaj słów: {{say:wąs}}, {{say:gęś}}. Przed **s, ś, z, ź, sz, ż, f, w, ch** słychać nosowe brzmienie, na przykład w słowach **kęs**, **mężczyzna**, **wąż**. Nie dodawaj osobnego, wyraźnego **n**.\n\n:::tip\nNajpierw posłuchaj całego słowa. Potem je powtórz. Nie próbuj wymawiać każdej litery osobno.\n:::\n\n## 2. Przed p, b, t, d i podobnymi dźwiękami\n\nPrzed dźwiękami z tabeli wymowa zmienia się. Zamiast jednego nosowego dźwięku słyszymy połączenie dwóch dźwięków.\n\n| Przed literą lub połączeniem liter | Wymowa ą | Wymowa ę | Przykłady |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **p, b** | jak **om** | jak **em** | kąpać, ząb; sęp, zęby |\n| **t, d** | jak **on** | jak **en** | kąty, sąd; pięta, tędy |\n| **ć, dź** (także **ci, dzi** przed samogłoską) | jak **oń** | jak **eń** | wziąć; pięć, będzie, dziesięć |\n| **c, cz, dz, dż** | jak **on** | jak **en** | tysiąc, pączek; ręce, pieniądze |\n\nPosłuchaj: {{say:kąpać}}, {{say:zęby}}, {{say:pięta}}, {{say:pięć}}, {{say:dziesięć}}.\n\n:::example\n**Pisownia → przybliżona wymowa**\n\n- kąpać → „kompać”\n- zęby → „zemby”\n- kąty → „konty”\n- pięta → „pienta”\n\nTo pomoc w wymowie, nie nowe sposoby zapisywania tych słów.\n:::\n\n:::warning\nPiszemy **zęby**, nie „zemby”, chociaż słyszymy **em**. Wymowa nie zawsze pokazuje, jakie litery trzeba napisać.\n:::\n\n## 3. Inne miejsca w słowie\n\nPrzed **k** i **g**, na przykład w słowach **ręka** i **pociąg**, też słychać dwa dźwięki. Pierwszy jest podobny do **e** lub **o**, a drugi jest nosowy. Przy tym drugim dźwięku tył języka unosi się jak przy **k** lub **g**. Nie jest to zwykłe **n** ze słowa *nos*.\n\nPosłuchaj słowa {{say:ręka}} i powtórz je w całości.\n\nPrzed **l** i **ł** nosowe brzmienie znika: **ę** brzmi jak **e**, a **ą** jak **o**.\n\nFormy **wzięli**, **wzięła** i **wziął** mówią o przeszłości. Na przykład: teraz ona bierze torbę, a wczoraj ona **wzięła** torbę. Teraz on bierze torbę, a wczoraj on **wziął** torbę. Teraz oni biorą klucze, a wczoraj oni **wzięli** klucze.\n\n:::example\n- Oni **wzięli** klucze. — W słowie *wzięli* litera **ę** brzmi jak **e**.\n- Ona **wzięła** torbę. — W słowie *wzięła* litera **ę** brzmi jak **e**.\n- On **wziął** torbę. — W słowie *wziął* litera **ą** brzmi jak **o**.\n:::\n\n## 4. Na końcu wyrazu\n\nNa końcu wyrazu **ą** i **ę** zachowują się inaczej.\n\n| Litera na końcu | Jak wymawiać? | Przykład |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **ą** | Zachowaj nosowe brzmienie. | Oni **są** tutaj. |\n| **ę** | Możesz wymawiać jak zwykłe **e** lub lekko nosowo. | **Lubię** kawę. |\n\n:::note\nW zwykłej, poprawnej wymowie końcowe **ę** często brzmi jak **e**. Nie trzeba mocno podkreślać nosowego brzmienia. Nadal piszemy **lubię**, **idę**, **kawę**.\n:::\n\nKońcowego **ą** nie zastępuj zwykłym **o** ani połączeniem **om**. W zdaniu *Oni są tutaj* słowo **są** powinno mieć nosowe zakończenie.\n\n## 5. Posłuchaj, powtórz, zapisz\n\nPracuj z krótkimi zdaniami:\n\n:::example\nMam białe **zęby**.\n\nBoli mnie **pięta**.\n\n**Lubię** herbatę.\n\nDzieci **są** w domu.\n:::\n\n1. Znajdź **ą** lub **ę**.\n2. Sprawdź, jaka litera jest dalej albo czy to koniec wyrazu.\n3. Powtórz całe słowo, a potem całe zdanie.\n4. Zapisz słowo z ogonkiem, nawet gdy go nie słyszysz.\n\nZapamiętaj: **ą** ma brzmienie bliskie **o**, a **ę** — bliskie **e**. Ich wymowa zmienia się w różnych miejscach słowa. 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