[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-page-ru-datelnyy-padezh-adresata-i-vozrasta":3,"grammar-exercises-by-page-01a0bb78-d5b6-7ef8-88fb-d737999f5b88":342,"exercise-list-path-ru-none":372},{"id":4,"title":5,"slug":6,"seoDescription":7,"content":8,"language":9,"level":10,"displayOrder":11,"grammarTopics":12,"createdAt":18,"updatedAt":19,"vocabularyLists":20,"readyImages":341},"01a0bb78-d5b6-7ef8-88fb-d737999f5b88","Дательный падеж адресата и возраста","datelnyy-padezh-adresata-i-vozrasta","Дательный падеж адресата и возраста — как назвать получателя действия, сказать, сколько кому лет, выбрать окончания и употребить местоимения.","Да́тельный паде́ж называ́ет адреса́та — того́, кто получа́ет предме́т, сообще́ние и́ли по́мощь. Он та́кже ну́жен, когда́ мы говори́м о во́зрасте: **Мне два́дцать лет**.\n\nГла́вные вопро́сы э́той те́мы — **кому́? чему́?** и **ско́лько кому́ лет?**\n\n## 1. Кто получа́ет\n\nС глаго́лами **дать, показа́ть, написа́ть, позвони́ть, помо́чь** челове́к-получа́тель стои́т в да́тельном падеже́. Он ну́жен и с глаго́лом **нра́виться**.\n\n:::example\n**Я даю́ кни́гу дру́гу.** — Кому́ я даю́ кни́гу? Дру́гу.\n\n**А́нна пи́шет ма́ме.** — Кому́ она́ пи́шет? Ма́ме.\n\n**Мы помога́ем учи́телю.** — Кому́ мы помога́ем? Учи́телю.\n\n**Мне нра́вится Москва́.** — Кому́ нра́вится Москва́? Мне.\n:::\n\nПредме́т и адреса́т отвеча́ют на ра́зные вопро́сы: **даю́ что? кни́гу; даю́ кому́? дру́гу**.\n\nС глаго́лом **нра́виться** да́тельный паде́ж пока́зывает, кому́ что-то нра́вится: **Мне нра́вится Москва́.**\n\n## 2. Оконча́ния существи́тельных\n\n| Нача́льная фо́рма | Кому́? Чему́? | Измене́ние |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| брат | бра́ту | согла́сный + **-у** |\n| учи́тель | учи́телю | **-ь → -ю** |\n| Андре́й | Андре́ю | **-й → -ю** |\n| ма́ма | ма́ме | **-а → -е** |\n| неде́ля | неде́ле | **-я → -е** |\n| Мари́я | Мари́и | **-ия → -ии** |\n| тетра́дь | тетра́ди | **-ь → -и** |\n| письмо́ | письму́ | **-о → -у** |\n| окно́ | окну́ | **-о → -у** |\n| роди́тели | роди́телям | **-и → -ям** |\n| друзья́ | друзья́м | **-ья → -ьям** |\n| де́ти | де́тям | осо́бая фо́рма |\n\nВо мно́жественном числе́ ча́сто ну́жны оконча́ния **-ам\u002F-ям**: **Я пишу́ роди́телям.**\n\n:::tip\nСнача́ла определи́те нача́льное оконча́ние. Для мужско́го ро́да ча́сто ну́жны **-у** и́ли **-ю**, для же́нского — **-е** и́ли **-и**.\n:::\n\n## 3. Ли́чные местоиме́ния\n\nМестоиме́ния в да́тельном падеже́ име́ют осо́бые фо́рмы.\n\n| Кто? | Кому́? |\n| --- | --- |\n| я | мне |\n| ты | тебе́ |\n| он, оно́ | ему́ |\n| она́ | ей |\n| мы | нам |\n| вы | вам |\n| они́ | им |\n\nИх ну́жно запо́мнить: **Позвони́ мне. Я дам тебе́ а́дрес. Мы помо́жем им.**\n\n:::note\nВ табли́це фо́рмы даны́ без предло́га. По́сле предло́га у ме́стоимений **он, она́, они́** появля́ется **н**: **к нему́, к ней, к ним**.\n:::\n\n## 4. Как сказа́ть о во́зрасте\n\nВ ру́сской фра́зе о во́зрасте челове́к стои́т в да́тельном падеже́.\n\n| Вопро́с | Отве́т |\n| --- | --- |\n| Ско́лько тебе́ лет? | Мне два́дцать лет. |\n| Ско́лько ему́ лет? | Ему́ оди́н год. |\n| Ско́лько ей лет? | Ей два́дцать четы́ре го́да. |\n| Ско́лько Ма́ше лет? | Ма́ше во́семь лет. |\n| Ско́лько лет Анто́ну? | Анто́ну два́дцать оди́н год. |\n\nФо́рма по́сле числа́ зави́сит от его́ после́дней ча́сти:\n\n- **оди́н год**, **два́дцать оди́н год**;\n- **два, три, четы́ре го́да**, **два́дцать два го́да**;\n- **пять лет**, **оди́ннадцать лет**, **два́дцать лет**.\n\n:::note\nЧи́сла от **оди́ннадцати** до **четы́рнадцати** употребля́ются со сло́вом **лет**: **оди́ннадцать лет, трина́дцать лет**.\n:::\n\n## 5. Ча́стые оши́бки\n\n:::warning\nО во́зрасте не говоря́т *я два́дцать лет*. Пра́вильно: **Мне два́дцать лет**. Местоиме́ние **мне** отвеча́ет на вопро́с **кому́?**.\n:::\n\nТа́кже не забыва́йте оконча́ние адреса́та: **пишу́ ма́ме**, а не *пишу́ ма́ма*; **звоню́ учи́телю**, а не *звоню́ учи́тель*.\n\n## 6. Кра́ткий ито́г\n\n1. Найди́те получа́теля де́йствия и зада́йте вопро́с **кому́?**.\n2. Вы́берите оконча́ние **-у\u002F-ю** и́ли **-е\u002F-и** по фо́рме существи́тельного.\n3. Запо́мните фо́рмы **мне, тебе́, ему́, ей, нам, вам, им**.\n4. 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