[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-page-ru-mnozhestvennoe-chislo-osnovnye-okonchaniya":3,"grammar-exercises-by-page-01a0bb78-d783-71c1-b7b2-64067c89b64f":376,"exercise-list-path-ru-none":406},{"id":4,"title":5,"slug":6,"seoDescription":7,"content":8,"language":9,"level":10,"displayOrder":11,"grammarTopics":12,"createdAt":19,"updatedAt":20,"vocabularyLists":21,"primaryTopicHub":373,"readyImages":375},"01a0bb78-d783-71c1-b7b2-64067c89b64f","Множественное число на -ы, -и, -а, -я","mnozhestvennoe-chislo-osnovnye-okonchaniya","Как образовать множественное число русских существительных — выбрать окончания -ы, -и, -а или -я, учесть правила написания и запомнить частые исключения.","Мно́жественное число́ называ́ет два и́ли бо́льше предме́тов и люде́й: **стол — столы́**, **кни́га — кни́ги**, **окно́ — о́кна**. В ру́сском языке́ фо́рма зави́сит от оконча́ния существи́тельного.\n\nПо́сле э́той те́мы вы смо́жете:\n\n- выбира́ть основны́е оконча́ния **-ы, -и, -а, -я**;\n- применя́ть пра́вило написа́ния **-и** по́сле не́которых согла́сных;\n- узнава́ть ча́стые осо́бые фо́рмы;\n- замеча́ть измене́ние ударе́ния в знако́мых слова́х.\n\n## 1. Еди́нственное и мно́жественное число́\n\nЕди́нственное число́ называ́ет оди́н предме́т: **стол, кни́га, мо́ре**. Мно́жественное число́ называ́ет не́сколько предме́тов: **столы́, кни́ги, моря́**.\n\n:::example\n**На столе́ кни́га.** — Здесь одна́ кни́га.\n\n**На столе́ кни́ги.** — Здесь две кни́ги и́ли бо́льше.\n\n**Во дворе́ ма́льчик.** — Здесь оди́н ма́льчик.\n\n**Во дворе́ ма́льчики.** — Здесь не́сколько ма́льчиков.\n:::\n\n## 2. Оконча́ния -ы и -и\n\nДля мно́гих слов мужско́го и же́нского ро́да ну́жны **-ы** и́ли **-и**.\n\n| Коне́ц сло́ва в еди́нственном числе́ | Оконча́ние мно́жественного числа́ | Приме́р |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| твёрдый согла́сный, кро́ме **к, г, х, ж, ч, ш, щ** | **-ы** | стол — столы́ |\n| **к, г, х, ж, ч, ш, щ** | **-и** | эта́ж — этажи́, врач — врачи́ |\n| **-а**, но не по́сле **к, г, х, ж, ч, ш, щ** | **-ы** | ко́мната — ко́мнаты |\n| **-а** по́сле **к, г, х, ж, ч, ш, щ** | **-и** | кни́га — кни́ги |\n| **-й** | **-и** | музе́й — музе́и |\n| **-я** | **-и** | неде́ля — неде́ли |\n| **-ь** | **-и** | слова́рь — словари́, тетра́дь — тетра́ди |\n\nОконча́ние **-и** та́кже пи́шется по́сле **к, г, х, ж, ч, ш, щ**: **кни́га — кни́ги, эта́ж — этажи́, врач — врачи́**.\n\n:::tip\nСкажи́те фо́рму вслух и посмотри́те на бу́кву пе́ред оконча́нием. По́сле **к, г, х, ж, ч, ш, щ** не пиши́те **-ы**.\n:::\n\n## 3. Оконча́ния -а и -я\n\nУ существи́тельных сре́днего ро́да на **-о** и **-е** обы́чно меня́ется после́дняя бу́ква.\n\n| Еди́нственное число́ | Мно́жественное число́ |\n| --- | --- |\n| окно́ | о́кна |\n| ме́сто | места́ |\n| мо́ре | моря́ |\n\nУ слов на **-ие** друго́й перехо́д: **зда́ние — зда́ния**. Здесь **-ие** меня́ется на **-ия**, а ударе́ние остаётся на том же сло́ге.\n\nОконча́ния **-а** и **-я** встреча́ются и у не́которых слов мужско́го ро́да: **го́род — города́, учи́тель — учителя́, до́ктор — доктора́**. В э́тих формах ударе́ние пада́ет на оконча́ние. Таки́е фо́рмы ну́жно запомина́ть вме́сте с но́вым сло́вом.\n\n## 4. Ударе́ние мо́жет меня́ться\n\nВо мно́жественном числе́ ударе́ние иногда́ перехо́дит на друго́й слог:\n\n- **окно́ — о́кна**;\n- **ме́сто — места́**;\n- **го́род**, но **города́**;\n- **мо́ре**, но **моря́**;\n- **слова́рь**, но **словари́**.\n\nУдаре́ние мо́жет перехо́дить бли́же к нача́лу сло́ва (**окно́ — о́кна**) и́ли к концу́ (**ме́сто — места́**): по оконча́нию нельзя́ узна́ть, куда́ оно́ перейдёт.\n\n:::note\nНаписа́ние и ударе́ние — ра́зные ве́щи. Оконча́ние мо́жет быть знако́мым, но ме́сто ударе́ния всё равно́ ну́жно запо́мнить.\n:::\n\n## 5. Осо́бые фо́рмы\n\nНе все слова́ образу́ют мно́жественное число́ по осно́вной схе́ме.\n\n| Еди́нственное число́ | Мно́жественное число́ |\n| --- | --- |\n| челове́к | лю́ди |\n| ребёнок | де́ти |\n| друг | друзья́ |\n| брат | бра́тья |\n| де́рево | дере́вья |\n| стул | сту́лья |\n\nФо́рмы **друзья́, бра́тья, сту́лья, дере́вья** удо́бно запомина́ть вме́сте: все они́ зака́нчиваются на **-ья**.\n\n:::warning\nНе добавля́йте оконча́ние механи́чески к ка́ждому сло́ву. В обы́чной совреме́нной ре́чи не говори́те ~~дру́ги~~ вме́сто **друзья́**, ~~бра́ты~~ вме́сто **бра́тья**, ~~сту́лы~~ вме́сто **сту́лья**, ~~де́ревы~~ вме́сто **дере́вья**.\n:::\n\n## 6. Кра́ткий ито́г\n\n1. По́сле твёрдого согла́сного и **-а** ча́сто появля́ется **-ы**.\n2. По́сле **-й, -я, -ь**, а та́кже **к, г, х, ж, ч, ш, щ** ча́сто появля́ется **-и**.\n3. У слов сре́днего ро́да **-о** ча́сто меня́ется на **-а**, **-е** — на **-я**, а **-ие** — на **-ия**.\n4. 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