[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-page-ru-muzhskoy-zhenskiy-i-sredniy-rod":3,"grammar-exercises-by-page-01a0bb78-d797-769c-a5ac-75e40e57c6af":488,"exercise-list-path-ru-none":518},{"id":4,"title":5,"slug":6,"seoDescription":7,"content":8,"language":9,"level":10,"displayOrder":11,"grammarTopics":12,"createdAt":18,"updatedAt":19,"vocabularyLists":20,"primaryTopicHub":485,"readyImages":487},"01a0bb78-d797-769c-a5ac-75e40e57c6af","Мужской, женский и средний род","muzhskoy-zhenskiy-i-sredniy-rod","Род русских существительных — основные окончания мужского, женского и среднего рода, слова на мягкий знак, исключения и согласование с местоимениями.","В ру́сском языке́ ка́ждое существи́тельное име́ет род: мужско́й, же́нский и́ли сре́дний. Род помога́ет пра́вильно выбира́ть слова́ **он, она́, оно́**, а та́кже фо́рму прилага́тельного.\n\nПо́сле э́той те́мы вы смо́жете:\n\n- определя́ть род по оконча́нию существи́тельного;\n- заменя́ть существи́тельное местоиме́нием **он, она́** и́ли **оно́**;\n- согласо́вывать существи́тельное с просты́м прилага́тельным;\n- узнава́ть ва́жные исключе́ния.\n\n## 1. Заче́м ну́жен род\n\nРод — э́то постоя́нный призна́к существи́тельного. Наприме́р, **стол** — мужско́го ро́да, **ла́мпа** — же́нского, а **окно́** — сре́днего. Число́ мо́жет меня́ться, но род сло́ва остаётся тем же.\n\n:::example\n**Э́то но́вый стол. Он большо́й.**\n\n**Э́то но́вая ла́мпа. Она́ краси́вая.**\n\n**Э́то но́вое окно́. Оно́ чи́стое.**\n:::\n\n## 2. Оконча́ния трёх родо́в\n\nЧа́сто род мо́жно узна́ть по после́дней бу́кве сло́ва в еди́нственном числе́.\n\n| Род | Коне́ц сло́ва | Приме́ры |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| мужско́й | согла́сный, **-й**, иногда́ **-ь** | дом, музе́й, слова́рь |\n| же́нский | **-а**, **-я** (в том числе́ **-ия**), иногда́ **-ь** | ка́рта, неде́ля, ста́нция, ле́кция, дверь |\n| сре́дний | **-о**, **-е** (в том числе́ **-ие**) | письмо́, мо́ре, зда́ние |\n\nСлова́ на согла́сный обы́чно мужско́го ро́да: **банк, телефо́н, уро́к**. Слова́ на **-а** и **-я** ча́ще же́нского ро́да: **ма́ма, ко́мната, се́мья**. Слова́ на **-о** и **-е** ча́ще сре́днего ро́да: **ме́сто, зда́ние**.\n\n:::tip\nСнача́ла посмотри́те на оконча́ние. Пото́м прове́рьте сло́во с **он, она́** и́ли **оно́**: *слова́рь — он, неде́ля — она́, мо́ре — оно́*.\n:::\n\n## 3. Слова́ на мя́гкий знак\n\nМя́гкий знак сам не пока́зывает род. Существи́тельные на **-ь** быва́ют и мужско́го, и же́нского ро́да.\n\n| Мужско́й род | Же́нский род |\n| --- | --- |\n| слова́рь, учи́тель, календа́рь | тетра́дь, пло́щадь, дверь |\n\nЭ́ти слова́ лу́чше запомина́ть вме́сте с местоиме́нием: **слова́рь — он**, **тетра́дь — она́**.\n\n:::note\nЗапомина́йте слова́ на **-ь** и с прилага́тельным: **но́вый слова́рь — но́вая тетра́дь**. Е́сли вы не уве́рены, прове́рьте сло́во в слова́ре.\n:::\n\nСлова́ на **-ость** всегда́ же́нского ро́да: *ра́дость, ско́рость*. Слова́ на **-тель** обы́чно мужско́го ро́да: *учи́тель, писа́тель*.\n\n## 4. Ва́жные исключе́ния\n\nНе́которые слова́ на **-а** и **-я** называ́ют мужчи́н и отно́сятся к мужско́му ро́ду:\n\n- **па́па — он, мой па́па**;\n- **дя́дя — он, мой дя́дя**;\n- **де́душка — он, мой де́душка**;\n- **мужчи́на — он, э́тот мужчи́на**.\n\nТаки́е слова́ име́ют оконча́ние, похо́жее на оконча́ние же́нского ро́да, но согла́сование пока́зывает мужско́й род.\n\nНе́которые заи́мствованные слова́ не меня́ют фо́рму. Сре́ди них есть слова́ на **-о**, **-е**, **-и**: *кино́, ко́фе, та́кси*. Они́ называ́ются несклоня́емыми. Сравни́те: *э́то кино́ — нет кино́ — в кино́*. Но после́дней бу́квы недоста́точно: *мо́ре — нет мо́ря*, поэ́тому **мо́ре** — изменя́емое сло́во. Е́сли вы не уве́рены, прове́рьте в слова́ре, меня́ется ли сло́во и како́й у него́ род.\n\n**Метро́** и **кино́** — сре́днего ро́да: *но́вое метро́, интере́сное кино́*. Но **ко́фе** — мужско́го ро́да: *го́рячий ко́фе*.\n\nСлова́ **вре́мя** и **и́мя** ока́нчиваются на **-мя** и отно́сятся к сре́днему ро́ду: *моё вре́мя, э́то и́мя*.\n\n## 5. Как род меня́ет сосе́дние слова́\n\nС прилага́тельным оконча́ние зави́сит от ро́да существи́тельного.\n\n| Род | Вопро́с | Приме́р |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| мужско́й | како́й? | **но́вый** слова́рь |\n| же́нский | кака́я? | **но́вая** кни́га |\n| сре́дний | како́е? | **но́вое** сло́во |\n\nВ проше́дшем вре́мени фо́рма глаго́ла то́же зави́сит от ро́да, е́сли мы говори́м об одно́м челове́ке и́ли предме́те:\n\n- мужско́й род: **стол стоя́л** у окна́;\n- же́нский род: **ла́мпа стоя́ла** у окна́;\n- сре́дний род: **кре́сло стоя́ло** у окна́.\n\nВо мно́жественном числе́ фо́рма одина́кова для всех родо́в: *столы́, ла́мпы и кре́сла стоя́ли у окна́*.\n\n:::warning\nНе выбира́йте род то́лько по значе́нию предме́та. **Кни́га** — она́, **слова́рь** — он, **письмо́** — оно́: ва́жна граммати́ческая фо́рма слова́.\n:::\n\n## 6. Кра́ткий ито́г\n\n1. Смотри́те на после́днюю бу́кву существи́тельного.\n2. Согла́сный и **-й** обы́чно ука́зывают на мужско́й род.\n3. **-а** и **-я** обы́чно ука́зывают на же́нский род.\n4. **-о** и **-е** обы́чно ука́зывают на сре́дний род.\n5. 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