[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-page-tr-emir-kipinde-temel-yonergeler":3,"grammar-exercises-by-page-01a0e1ad-4cfe-7af2-a055-4d12ec486670":233,"exercise-list-path-tr-none":264},{"id":4,"title":5,"slug":6,"seoDescription":7,"content":8,"language":9,"level":10,"displayOrder":11,"grammarTopics":12,"createdAt":18,"updatedAt":19,"vocabularyLists":20,"readyImages":232},"01a0e1ad-4cfe-7af2-a055-4d12ec486670","Emir kipinde temel yönergeler","emir-kipinde-temel-yonergeler","Emir kipinde sen ve siz için olumlu ve olumsuz yönergeler kur; eklerin ünlü uyumunu, araya gelen y sesini ve lütfen ile kullanımı örneklerle öğren.","## 1. Yönerge vermek\n\nBirine ne yapacağını söylemek için **emir kipini** kullanırsın: **Gel. Dinle. Yaz.** Bu biçimleri sınıfta, evde ve günlük işlerde sık sık duyarsın. Bu sayfada **sen** ve **siz** biçimleriyle olumlu ve olumsuz yönerge vermeyi öğreneceksin.\n\n:::example\nÖğretmen bir öğrenciye söylüyor: Kitabını **aç**.\n\nÖğretmen bütün sınıfa söylüyor: Kitaplarınızı **açın**.\n:::\n\n## 2. Sen: Fiilin kısa biçimi\n\nSözlükte fiiller **-mak** veya **-mek** ile biter. **-mak, -mek** ekini çıkar. Kalan biçimle bir kişiye yönerge verebilirsin. Ek ekleme.\n\n| Sözlük biçimi | Sen için emir | Yönerge |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| bakmak | **bak** | Buraya **bak**. |\n| gelmek | **gel** | Buraya **gel**. |\n| okumak | **oku** | Bu cümleyi **oku**. |\n| dinlemek | **dinle** | Beni **dinle**. |\n\nGenellikle **sen** demene gerek yoktur: **Sen buraya gel.** yerine **Buraya gel.** diyebilirsin.\n\n## 3. Siz: Birden fazla kişi veya saygılı hitap\n\nBirden fazla kişiye yönerge verirken **siz** biçimini kullan. Bir kişiye saygılı hitap için de bu biçimi kullanabilirsin.\n\nFiilin son sesi ünsüzse **-ın, -in, -un, -ün** ekle. Eki fiilin son ünlüsüne göre seç.\n\n| Son ünlü | Ek | Sen | Siz |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| a, ı | **-ın** | bak | **bakın** |\n| e, i | **-in** | gel | **gelin** |\n| o, u | **-un** | otur | **oturun** |\n| ö, ü | **-ün** | gül | **gülün** |\n\n:::note\nBazı fiillerde bu ekten önce **t → d** değişimi olur:\n\n- git → **gidin**: İçeri **gidin**.\n- et → **edin**: Dikkat **edin**. Yardım **edin**.\n- seyret → **seyredin**: Filmi **seyredin**.\n\nBu değişim her fiilde olmaz: **at → atın**.\n:::\n\nFiilin son sesi ünlüyse ekten önce **y** gelir:\n\n- başla → **başlayın**\n- bekle → **bekleyin**\n- oku → **okuyun**\n\n:::note\nİki sık kullanılan biçime dikkat et: **yemek → ye \u002F yiyin**, **demek → de \u002F deyin**.\n:::\n\n:::example\nBir arkadaşına: Buraya **otur**.\n\nİki arkadaşına: Buraya **oturun**.\n\nBir müşteriye: Lütfen buraya **oturun**.\n:::\n\n:::note\n**Daha resmî biçimler:** Tabelalarda, duyurularda ve sınav yönergelerinde **-ınız, -iniz, -unuz, -ünüz** eklerini de görebilirsin. Bunlar da son ünlüye göre seçilir; fiil ünlüyle bitiyorsa araya **y** gelir.\n\n- Lütfen **bekleyiniz**.\n- **Oturunuz**.\n- Dikkat **ediniz**.\n- Soruları **okuyunuz**.\n:::\n\n## 4. Olumsuz yönergeler\n\nBirine bir işi yapmamasını söylemek için **-ma** veya **-me** ekle. Fiilin son ünlüsü **a, ı, o, u** ise **-ma**; **e, i, ö, ü** ise **-me** kullan.\n\n**Sen** biçiminde başka ek yoktur. **Siz** biçiminde **-ma + y + ın → -mayın**, **-me + y + in → -meyin** olur.\n\n| Olumlu: sen | Olumsuz: sen | Olumsuz: siz |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| aç | **açma** | **açmayın** |\n| konuş | **konuşma** | **konuşmayın** |\n| gel | **gelme** | **gelmeyin** |\n| gül | **gülme** | **gülmeyin** |\n| bekle | **bekleme** | **beklemeyin** |\n| oku | **okuma** | **okumayın** |\n| git | **gitme** | **gitmeyin** |\n\nOlumsuzluk ekinden önce **t → d** değişimi olmaz: **gidin**, ama **gitmeyin**; **edin**, ama **etmeyin**.\n\n:::example\nHava soğuk. Pencereyi **açma**.\n\nSınav başlıyor. Lütfen **konuşmayın**.\n\nIşık kırmızı. **Geçmeyin**.\n:::\n\n## 5. Lütfen ve doğru yazım\n\n**Lütfen**, yönergeyi daha nazik yapar. Hem **sen** hem **siz** biçimiyle kullanabilirsin.\n\n- Bir arkadaşına: Lütfen kapıyı **kapat**.\n- Bir misafire: Lütfen içeri **girin**.\n- Sınıfa: Lütfen burada **koşmayın**.\n\n:::warning\nOlumsuzluk eki fiile bitişik yazılır.\n\n✓ Burada **konuşma**.\n\n✗ Burada konuş ma.\n\nÜnlüyle biten fiillerde **y** sesini unutma:\n\n✓ Lütfen **bekleyin**.\n\n✗ Lütfen beklein.\n:::\n\n## 6. Kısa kontrol\n\nBir yönerge kurarken şu sırayı izle:\n\n1. Fiili seç: **bakmak → bak**.\n2. Kişiyi seç: **sen → bak**, **siz → bakın**.\n3. Olumsuz yönerge için **-ma \u002F -me** kullan: **bakma \u002F bakmayın**.\n4. 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