[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-page-tr-turk-alfabesi-ve-harfler":3,"grammar-exercises-by-page-01a0e1ad-508c-71b9-ba6c-3c3405cf8592":354,"exercise-list-path-tr-none":364},{"id":4,"title":5,"slug":6,"seoDescription":7,"content":8,"language":9,"level":10,"displayOrder":11,"grammarTopics":12,"createdAt":19,"updatedAt":20,"vocabularyLists":21,"primaryTopicHub":351,"readyImages":353},"01a0e1ad-508c-71b9-ba6c-3c3405cf8592","Türk alfabesi ve harfler","turk-alfabesi-ve-harfler","Türk alfabesindeki 29 harfi, büyük ve küçük harf biçimlerini, harf adlarını ve ünlü–ünsüz ayrımını öğren; ı, i, ç, ş, ö, ü ve ğ harflerini örneklerle tanı.","Türk alfabesinde **29 harf** var. Bu harflerle Türkçe kelimeler okur ve yazarsın. Önce büyük ve küçük harfleri tanı, sonra harf adlarını öğren.\n\n## 1. Alfabenin sırası\n\nAlfabede her harfin bir yeri var. Sözlüklerde kelimeler bu sıraya göre yer alır.\n\n**A B C Ç D E F G Ğ H I İ J K L M N O Ö P R S Ş T U Ü V Y Z**\n\n**a b c ç d e f g ğ h ı i j k l m n o ö p r s ş t u ü v y z**\n\nTürk alfabesinde **q, w, x** yok. Bu harfleri yabancı adlarda görebilirsin.\n\n## 2. Büyük harf, küçük harf ve harf adı\n\nHer harfin büyük ve küçük biçimi var. Harf adlarını, bir adı harf harf söylemek için kullanırsın.\n\n| Büyük harf | Küçük harf | Harfin adı | Örnek kelime |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| A | a | a | **a**nne |\n| B | b | be | **b**aba |\n| C | c | ce | **c**am |\n| Ç | ç | çe | **ç**ay |\n| D | d | de | **d**ört |\n| E | e | e | **e**v |\n| F | f | fe | **f**il |\n| G | g | ge | **g**öz |\n| Ğ | ğ | yumuşak ge | da**ğ** |\n| H | h | he | **h**ava |\n| I | ı | ı | **ı**şık |\n| İ | i | i | **i**ki |\n| J | j | je | **j**eton |\n| K | k | ke | **k**apı |\n| L | l | le | **l**imon |\n| M | m | me | **m**asa |\n| N | n | ne | **n**ar |\n| O | o | o | **o**kul |\n| Ö | ö | ö | **ö**ğrenci |\n| P | p | pe | **p**ark |\n| R | r | re | **r**enk |\n| S | s | se | **s**u |\n| Ş | ş | şe | **ş**eker |\n| T | t | te | **t**op |\n| U | u | u | **u**zun |\n| Ü | ü | ü | **ü**ç |\n| V | v | ve | **v**ar |\n| Y | y | ye | **y**ol |\n| Z | z | ze | **z**il |\n\n:::example\n— Adın ne?\n\n— Ece.\n\n— Harf harf söyler misin?\n\n— **E, ce, e.**\n:::\n\n:::note\nHarfin adı ile kelimedeki sesi aynı şey değildir. **B** harfinin adı **be**. Ama **bal** kelimesini okurken b harfine ayrıca e sesi eklemezsin.\n:::\n\n## 3. Ünlüler ve ünsüzler\n\nTürk alfabesinde **8 ünlü** ve **21 ünsüz** var. Ünlülere *sesli harf*, ünsüzlere *sessiz harf* de denir.\n\n- **Ünlüler:** a, e, ı, i, o, ö, u, ü.\n- **Ünsüzler:** b, c, ç, d, f, g, ğ, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, ş, t, v, y, z.\n\n:::example\n**ev** → **e** ünlü, **v** ünsüz.\n\n**masa** → **m** ve **s** ünsüz; iki **a** da ünlü.\n:::\n\n## 4. Benzer harflere dikkat\n\n**I–ı** ve **İ–i** iki ayrı harftir. Büyük harfte de küçük harfte de noktaya dikkat et.\n\n| Küçük harflerle | Büyük harflerle |\n| --- | --- |\n| ılık | **ILIK** |\n| iki | **İKİ** |\n| ışık | **IŞIK** |\n| İzmir | **İZMİR** |\n\n**c–ç**, **s–ş**, **o–ö** ve **u–ü** de ayrı harflerdir. Bir harf değişince kelimenin anlamı değişebilir.\n\n:::example\n**cam** → Pencerede cam var.\n\n**çam** → Bahçede bir çam ağacı var.\n\n**un** → Ekmek yapmak için un lazım.\n\n**ün** → Bu şarkıcı büyük ün kazandı.\n:::\n\n:::warning\nNokta ve diğer işaretler harfin bir parçasıdır. **Çay** kelimesini **cay**, **üç** kelimesini **uc** yazma.\n:::\n\n## 5. Yumuşak ge: ğ\n\n**Ğ–ğ** harfinin adı **yumuşak ge**. Türkçe kelimeler **ğ** ile başlamaz. Bu harfi kelimenin içinde veya sonunda görürsün: **öğrenci**, **ağaç**, **dağ**.\n\n**Ğ**, **g** gibi okunmaz. Çoğu zaman önceki ünlü daha uzun duyulur. Örneğin **dağ** kelimesinde a sesi uzar. Her kelimede etkisi aynı değildir; kelimeyi dinleyerek öğren.\n\n:::tip\nDinle ve tekrar et: {{say:dağ}}. Sonunda ayrıca bir **g** sesi söyleme.\n:::\n\n## 6. Kısa tekrar\n\nBir kelimeyi okurken veya yazarken şunlara dikkat et:\n\n1. Harfleri sırayla kontrol et.\n2. **ı–i**, **c–ç**, **s–ş**, **o–ö**, **u–ü** ayrımına bak.\n3. 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