[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-page-tr-unsuz-yumusamasi":3,"grammar-exercises-by-page-01a0e1ad-50af-7488-8c0f-b43f42a10988":200,"exercise-list-path-tr-none":223},{"id":4,"title":5,"slug":6,"seoDescription":7,"content":8,"language":9,"level":10,"displayOrder":11,"grammarTopics":12,"createdAt":19,"updatedAt":20,"vocabularyLists":21,"primaryTopicHub":197,"readyImages":199},"01a0e1ad-50af-7488-8c0f-b43f42a10988","Ünsüz yumuşaması","unsuz-yumusamasi","Ünsüz yumuşamasında p, ç, t, k harflerinin ünlüyle başlayan eklerden önce nasıl değiştiğini; sık kullanılan örnekleri ve değişmeyen kelimeleri öğren.","Bazı kelimeler ek alınca değişir: **kitap → kitabı**. Bu değişmeye *ünsüz yumuşaması* denir. Burada son harfin ne zaman değiştiğini ve sık kullanılan örnekleri öğrenebilirsin.\n\n## 1. Son harf ne zaman değişir?\n\nBir kelimenin son harfi **p, ç, t, k** olabilir. Ek bir **ünlüyle** başlıyorsa bu harf çoğu zaman yumuşar. Ünlüler **a, e, ı, i, o, ö, u, ü** harfleridir.\n\n**Kitap** kelimesine bakalım:\n\n- kitap + ı → **kitabı**: Ek ünlüyle başlar; **p → b** olur.\n- kitap + lar → **kitaplar**: Ek ünsüzle başlar; **p** değişmez.\n\n:::example\nBu bir **kitap**.\n\nBu **kitabı** okuyorum.\n\nBurada üç **kitap** var.\n\nBu **kitaplar** çok güzel.\n:::\n\n## 2. Hangi harfler değişir?\n\n| Son harf | Yeni harf | Kelime ve ek | Yeni biçim |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **p** | **b** | dolap + ı | **dolabı** |\n| **ç** | **c** | ağaç + ı | **ağacı** |\n| **t** | **d** | kanat + ı | **kanadı** |\n| **k** | **ğ** | ayak + ı | **ayağı** |\n| **k** | **g** | renk + i | **rengi** |\n\n**K** çoğu zaman **ğ** olur: **kulak → kulağı**, **çocuk → çocuğu**. Bazı kelimelerde ise **g** olur: **renk → rengi**.\n\n:::tip\nKelimeyi iki biçimiyle öğren: **kitap — kitabı**, **ağaç — ağacı**, **renk — rengi**.\n:::\n\n## 3. Farklı eklerle yumuşama\n\nYumuşama yalnızca **-ı, -i, -u, -ü** eklerinden önce olmaz. Başka bir ek de ünlüyle başlayabilir. Önemli olan ekin **ilk harfidir**.\n\n| Kelime | Ünlüyle başlayan ek | Yeni biçim |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| kitap | -a | **kitaba** |\n| ağaç | -a | **ağaca** |\n| çocuk | -um | **çocuğum** |\n| köpek | -im | **köpeğim** |\n\n:::example\n**Kitaba** bak.\n\nKuş **ağaca** konuyor.\n\nBenim **çocuğum** beş yaşında.\n\nBenim **köpeğim** çok küçük.\n:::\n\n## 4. Her kelime değişmez\n\nSon harfi **p, ç, t, k** olan her kelimede yumuşama olmaz.\n\nKısa, tek heceli kelimelerin çoğunda son harf değişmez. Ancak bazıları değişir:\n\n| Son harf değişmez | Son harf değişir |\n| --- | --- |\n| top → **topu** | kap → **kabı** |\n| saç → **saçı** | uç → **ucu** |\n| at → **atı** | tat → **tadı** |\n| ip → **ipi** | dip → **dibi** |\n\nBazı uzun kelimelerde de son harf değişmez: **sepet → sepeti**, **paket → paketi**.\n\n:::warning\nHer kelimeye aynı kuralı uygulama.\n\n✓ **Paketi** açıyorum.\n\n✗ Pakedi açıyorum.\n\n**Paket** kelimesinde **t**, ünlüyle başlayan ekten önce de değişmez.\n:::\n\n## 5. Kısa kontrol listesi\n\nBir kelimeye ek getirirken şu sırayı izle:\n\n1. Kelimenin son harfine bak: **p, ç, t, k** mi?\n2. Ekin ilk harfine bak: Ünlü mü?\n3. Bu kelimede yumuşama var mı? 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