[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-page-tr-var-ve-yok-ile-varlik-bildirme":3,"grammar-exercises-by-page-01a0e1ad-50d9-72f7-9f4c-03e73838c621":322,"exercise-list-path-tr-none":352},{"id":4,"title":5,"slug":6,"seoDescription":7,"content":8,"language":9,"level":10,"displayOrder":11,"grammarTopics":12,"createdAt":18,"updatedAt":19,"vocabularyLists":20,"readyImages":321},"01a0e1ad-50d9-72f7-9f4c-03e73838c621","Var ve yok ile varlık bildirme","var-ve-yok-ile-varlik-bildirme","Türkçede var ve yok ile bir yerdeki insanları ve eşyaları anlatmayı, sahiplik belirtmeyi, soru sormayı ve kısa cevaplar vermeyi örneklerle öğren.","## 1. Var ve yok ne anlatır?\n\nBir yerde bir insan veya eşya için **var** ya da **yok** kullanırsın. Bu sözlerle sahip olduğun şeyleri de anlatırsın. **Var mı?** ile soru sorar, **var** veya **yok** ile kısa cevap verirsin.\n\n- **Var:** Bir yerde bir insan veya eşya bulunur.\n- **Yok:** Bir yerde bir insan veya eşya bulunmaz.\n\n:::example\nOdada bir masa **var**.\n\nOdada televizyon **yok**.\n\nBahçede çocuklar **var**.\n:::\n\n## 2. Yer + insan veya eşya + var\u002Fyok\n\nBir yeri anlatırken şu sırayı kullanabilirsin:\n\n**Yer + insan veya eşya + var\u002Fyok**\n\n| Yer | İnsan veya eşya | Var\u002Fyok | Tam cümle |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Evde | bir kedi | var | Evde bir kedi **var**. |\n| Sınıfta | öğrenci | yok | Sınıfta öğrenci **yok**. |\n| Masada | iki kitap | var | Masada iki kitap **var**. |\n| Çantada | kalem | yok | Çantada kalem **yok**. |\n\n**Evde, sınıfta, masada, çantada** sözleri yeri gösterir: *Nerede?*\n\nYeri biliyorsan her cümlede tekrar etmen gerekmez.\n\n:::example\n— Çantada ne **var**?\n\n— Bir kitap **var**.\n:::\n\n:::note\n**Masada bir kitap var.** derken masadaki bir kitabı ilk kez söylersin.\n\nHangi kitap olduğunu biliyorsan kitabın yerini sorarsın:\n\n— **Kitap nerede?**\n\n— **Kitap masada.**\n\nBu cevapta kitabın yerini söylersin; **var** kullanman gerekmez.\n:::\n\n## 3. Bir şey mi, birkaç şey mi?\n\nBir şey için de birkaç şey için de genellikle **var** kullanılır.\n\n:::example\nParkta bir çocuk **var**.\n\nParkta üç çocuk **var**.\n\nParkta çocuklar **var**.\n:::\n\nBir sayıdan sonra isme **-lar\u002F-ler** ekleme:\n\n- ✓ Masada **iki kitap var**.\n- ✗ Masada **iki kitaplar var**.\n\n**Yok** da aynı kalır: *Bugün sınıfta öğrenci **yok**.*\n\n## 4. Sahip olduğun şeyleri anlatma\n\n**Var** ve **yok**, yalnızca bir yeri anlatmaz. Sahip olduğun bir şeyi de bu sözlerle anlatabilirsin.\n\n| Sahip | İyelik biçimi | Cümle |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| ben | kedi → kedim | Bir kedim **var**. |\n| ben | araba → arabam | Arabam **yok**. |\n| sen | bisiklet → bisikletin | Bir bisikletin **var**. |\n| sen | telefon → telefonun | Telefonun **yok**. |\n\n**Kedim, arabam** biçimleri benim için; **bisikletin, telefonun** biçimleri senin için kullanılır.\n\nBu biçimleri yapmak için isme bir **iyelik eki** eklersin. Ünsüzle biten isimlerde ekin ünlüsünü ismin **son ünlüsüne** göre seç:\n\n| İsmin son sesi | Son ünlü | Benim için ek | Senin için ek | Örnek |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Ünlü | Hepsi | -m | -n | araba → arabam \u002F araban; kedi → kedim \u002F kedin |\n| Ünsüz | a, ı | -ım | -ın | kız → kızım \u002F kızın |\n| Ünsüz | e, i | -im | -in | kalem → kalemim \u002F kalemin |\n| Ünsüz | o, u | -um | -un | telefon → telefonum \u002F telefonun |\n| Ünsüz | ö, ü | -üm | -ün | göz → gözüm \u002F gözün |\n\n:::note\n**Benim** ve **senin** sözlerini söylemeden de aynı anlamı verebilirsin:\n\nBenim bir kedim var. → Bir **kedim var**.\n\nSenin telefonun yok. → **Telefonun yok**.\n:::\n\n## 5. Var mı? Yok mu?\n\nBir şeyin bulunup bulunmadığını öğrenmek için **var mı?** diye sorarsın. **Mı** ayrı yazılır.\n\n:::example\n— Evde ekmek **var mı**?\n\n— Evet, **var**.\n\n— Çantada kalem **var mı**?\n\n— Hayır, **yok**.\n\n— Senin bisikletin **var mı**?\n\n— Evet, bir bisikletim **var**.\n:::\n\n**Yok mu?** da bir sorudur. Bir şey beklersin ama onu göremezsin; bu durumda sık kullanılır.\n\n:::example\nKafede çay istiyorsun. Garson sadece kahve getiriyor.\n\n— Çay **yok mu**?\n\n— Çay **yok**, kahve **var**.\n:::\n\n:::warning\nİki sorunun yazımına dikkat et:\n\n- ✓ **var mı?** — ✗ **varmı?**\n- ✓ **yok mu?** — ✗ **yokmu?**\n\n**Var** ile **mı**, **yok** ile **mu** kullanılır.\nSoru ekinin ünlüsü önceki sözcüğün son ünlüsüne uyar: **var → a → mı**, **yok → o → mu**.\n:::\n\n## 6. Kısa tekrar\n\n**Var** sözünün olumsuzu **yok** sözüdür. Bir şeyin bulunmadığını anlatmak için **var değil** kullanma.\n\n- ✓ Odada televizyon **yok**.\n- ✗ Odada televizyon **var değil**.\n\nCümle kurarken şu sırayı izle:\n\n1. Yeri söyle: **Masada…**\n2. Eşyayı söyle: **Masada bir kitap…**\n3. Varlık için **var**, yokluk için **yok** kullan: **Masada bir kitap var.**\n4. Soru için **mı** ekle: **Masada bir kitap var mı?**\n\n**Bir kedim var. Arabam yok. 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