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1. 倍数：总量还是增加的量\n\n表达倍数时，常用以下结构。注意：**是……的几倍**比较两个总量，**比……增加了几倍**比较增加的量与原来的量。\n\n| 结构 | 例句 | 数量关系 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 甲是乙的＋倍数 | 甲店的面积是乙店的三倍。 | 乙店一百平方米，甲店三百平方米 |\n| 比原来增加了＋倍数 | 员工人数比原来增加了两倍。 | 原来十人，现在三十人 |\n| 增加到原来的＋倍数 | 员工人数增加到原来的两倍。 | 原来十人，现在二十人 |\n| 翻了一番 | 今年的销售额比去年翻了一番。 | 去年十万元，今年二十万元 |\n\n**增加一倍**表示增加的量等于原来的量，因此总量变成原来的**两倍**。**翻一番**也表示变成两倍；翻两番则变成四倍。\n\n:::example\n某工厂原来每天生产二百件产品，现在每天生产六百件。\n\n- 现在的日产量**是原来的三倍**。\n- 日产量**比原来增加了两倍**。\n- 日产量**增加到了原来的三倍**。\n\n三句话描述的是同一个变化。\n:::\n\n:::warning\n**两倍**和**一倍**在这里不能互换：从二百增加到六百，是原来的三倍，不是增加了三倍。\n\n“多两倍”“增长两倍”等说法在实际交流中有时会被混用。需要准确说明数据时，可以同时写出原来的数量和现在的数量。\n:::\n\n## 2. 分数：先说分母，再说分子\n\n汉语分数的基本顺序是**分母＋分之＋分子**。分母说明平均分成多少份，分子说明取其中多少份。\n\n| 数字 | 汉语读法 | 例句 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1\u002F3 | 三分之一 | 这笔费用是总预算的三分之一。 |\n| 2\u002F5 | 五分之二 | 五分之二的受访者选择了公交车。 |\n| 3\u002F4 | 四分之三 | 我已经看完了这本书的四分之三。 |\n| 1\u002F2 | 二分之一，也常说“一半” | 一半的学生住在学校附近。 |\n\n分数通常有两种常见位置：\n\n- **分数＋的＋名词**：三分之一的学生参加了活动。强调这一部分学生。\n- **整体＋的＋分数**：参加活动的学生人数是全校学生总人数的三分之一。明确说明部分与整体的关系。\n\n:::tip\n看到“甲的三分之一”，先问：整体是什么？例如，“预算的三分之一”以全部预算为整体，不是以已经花掉的钱为整体。\n:::\n\n## 3. 百分比：表达比例与占比\n\n百分比可以看作分母是一百的分数。**25%**读作**百分之二十五**，与**四分之一**表示的比例相同。\n\n表达部分在整体中的比例时，常用**部分＋占＋整体＋的＋百分比**。\n\n:::example\n这次调查共有四百人参加，其中一百人每天骑车上班。\n\n- 每天骑车上班的人**占受访者总人数的百分之二十五**。\n- **百分之二十五的受访者**每天骑车上班。\n- 每天骑车上班的人数**是受访者总人数的四分之一**。\n:::\n\n整体已经清楚时，可以说：“这次调查中，每天骑车上班的人占百分之二十五。”正式介绍数据时，最好交代清楚整体，避免把受访者比例误当成全体居民的比例。\n\n**比例可以超过百分之百**，但要看比较关系。例如，“今年的产量是去年的百分之一百二十”是合理的，因为比较的是两年的产量。若说明某一部分在同一整体中的占比，该部分不能超过整体。\n\n## 4. 数量变化：“了”和“到”\n\n**增加了、减少了**后面的数值表示变化的量；**增加到、减少到**后面的数值表示变化后的结果。用比例表达变化时，还要说明以什么数量为标准。\n\n以下各句都以原价二百元为标准：\n\n| 表达 | 现在的价格 | 说明 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 价格比原来上涨了百分之二十。 | 二百四十元 | 增加四十元 |\n| 价格上涨到原来的百分之一百二十。 | 二百四十元 | 现价是原价的百分之一百二十 |\n| 价格比原来降低了四分之一。 | 一百五十元 | 减少五十元 |\n| 价格降低到原来的四分之一。 | 五十元 | 现价只剩原价的四分之一 |\n\n:::warning\n表达减少时，不宜用“减少一倍”“降低两倍”等说法。它们不能清楚地表示剩余多少。\n\n如果价格从二百元变成一百元，可以说：\n\n- 价格**降低了一半**。\n- 价格**降低到原来的一半**。\n\n这里两句结果相同，是因为减少的部分与剩下的部分恰好都是一半；换成“四分之一”，两句的结果就不同了。\n:::\n\n## 5. 百分比与百分点\n\n当比较的两个数本身都是百分比时，可以用**百分点**表示它们之间的直接差值。**提高了百分之几**则通常表示相对于原来数值的增长比例。\n\n:::example\n某公司的市场份额从百分之二十升到百分之三十。\n\n- 市场份额**提高了十个百分点**：三十减二十，差十。\n- 市场份额**比原来提高了百分之五十**：增加的十相当于原来的二十的一半。\n:::\n\n这两种表达描述同一个变化，但计算方式不同。\n\n| 变化 | 百分点的变化 | 相对于原来的变化 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 合格率从百分之八十升到百分之八十八 | 提高八个百分点 | 提高百分之十 |\n| 合格率从百分之八十降到百分之七十二 | 下降八个百分点 | 下降百分之十 |\n\n:::note\n**百分点**用于比较百分比数值，不能直接表示人数或价格的增减。可以说“合格率提高了五个百分点”，不能用“人数增加了五个百分点”来表示人数增长了百分之五。\n:::\n\n## 6. 表达前的检查顺序\n\n1. **找准标准**：比较的是去年、原价，还是全体受访者？\n2. **判断关系**：表达总量的倍数、部分的占比，还是数量的变化？\n3. **区分变化和结果**：增加了多少，还是增加到多少？\n4. 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de3-79a2-8863-1b8f15f1d17c","PHRASE","用于汉语分数表达，分母放在“分之”前，分子放在后。","三分之一的学生选择了线上课程。","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_ccb84d0a6510cfec_zh-CN.mp3",{"id":1232,"vocabularyWord":1233,"displayOrder":41},"01a0e1ae-1454-7c99-b497-7fb7c1fcf586",{"id":1234,"word":1235,"frequency":31,"level":422,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1236,"partsOfSpeech":1237,"audio":1148,"audioUrl":1246},"01a0e1ad-ef7e-74d8-8e75-b7d5a902c942","分母","tts_795433dbe58dda5a_zh-CN.mp3",[1238,1242],{"id":1239,"partOfSpeech":1145,"definition":1240,"exampleSentences":1241,"isPrimary":1128,"meaningOrder":16},"01a13171-22e2-7f64-ba23-28eec0bb1432","比喻在计算比例、比率或概率时作为基数或比较标准的总数。","计算通过率时，参加考试的总人数就是分母。\n样本太少，分母太小，得出的比例不一定可靠。\n同样是三百个客户，但分母不同，转化率就完全不同。",{"id":1243,"partOfSpeech":1145,"definition":1244,"exampleSentences":1245,"isPrimary":1148,"meaningOrder":11},"01a13171-22e2-7edc-ba23-28eec05f2564","分数中横线下面的数，表示把一个整体平均分成多少份。","在分数三分之二中，三是分母，二是分子。\n两个分数相加时，如果分母不同，要先通分。\n分母不能等于零，否则这个分数没有意义。","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_795433dbe58dda5a_zh-CN.mp3",{"id":1248,"vocabularyWord":1249,"displayOrder":46},"01a0e1ae-1454-7cd5-b497-7fb7c2d8a99b",{"id":1250,"word":1251,"frequency":36,"level":643,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1252,"partsOfSpeech":1253,"audio":1148,"audioUrl":1266},"01a0e1ad-ef81-7b33-8fc3-72fb4cbf8b8e","分子","tts_a558c2d8d34fbe30_zh-CN.mp3",[1254,1258,1262],{"id":1255,"partOfSpeech":1145,"definition":1256,"exampleSentences":1257,"isPrimary":1128,"meaningOrder":21},"01a13171-2225-7c47-93b9-d35f134da2dc","属于某一类别或团体的人，常与修饰语连用，如“知识分子”“积极分子”“恐怖分子”（此义读 fènzǐ）。","他是一位有社会责任感的知识分子。\n警方抓获了几名危险分子。\n她是公司里的积极分子，总是主动帮助同事。",{"id":1259,"partOfSpeech":1145,"definition":1260,"exampleSentences":1261,"isPrimary":1148,"meaningOrder":11},"01a13171-2225-7b5f-93b9-d35f11d3a1e3","物质中能够独立存在并保持该物质化学性质的最小粒子，由原子构成（读 fēnzǐ）。","水分子由两个氢原子和一个氧原子构成。\n温度越高，分子运动得越快。\n科学家正在研究这种蛋白质分子的结构。",{"id":1263,"partOfSpeech":1145,"definition":1264,"exampleSentences":1265,"isPrimary":1128,"meaningOrder":16},"01a13171-2225-7bff-93b9-d35f127d81ce","数学用语，指分数线上面的数或式子，例如 3\u002F4 中的 3（读 fēnzǐ）。","在分数二分之一中，1 是分子，2 是分母。\n这两个分数的分母相同，所以只需要比较分子。\n老师让我们把分子和分母同时除以 3。","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_a558c2d8d34fbe30_zh-CN.mp3",{"id":1268,"vocabularyWord":1269,"displayOrder":51},"01a0e1ae-1454-7d15-b497-7fb7c382e99b",{"id":1270,"word":1271,"frequency":51,"level":201,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1272,"partsOfSpeech":1273,"audio":1148,"audioUrl":1278},"01a0e1ad-ecc2-7722-842f-f0cb95098ba6","一半","tts_7100384db2393997_zh-CN.mp3",[1274],{"id":1275,"partOfSpeech":1145,"definition":1276,"exampleSentences":1277,"isPrimary":1148,"meaningOrder":11},"01a0e1ad-ed11-76a7-a731-8d31f081581d","一个整体平均分成两份后的其中一份，即二分之一。","这本书我已经看了一半。","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_7100384db2393997_zh-CN.mp3",{"id":1280,"vocabularyWord":1281,"displayOrder":56},"01a0e1ae-1454-7d55-b497-7fb7c42deff1",{"id":1282,"word":1283,"frequency":36,"level":422,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1284,"partsOfSpeech":1285,"audio":1148,"audioUrl":1290},"01a0e1ad-ef43-7a65-a6ba-fde02093f1ee","百分比","tts_e14d75bf6c5ab974_zh-CN.mp3",[1286],{"id":1287,"partOfSpeech":1145,"definition":1288,"exampleSentences":1289,"isPrimary":1148,"meaningOrder":11},"01a13174-06dd-72c5-9d1d-5bcb130ae0c5","用百分数表示的一个数占另一个数的比例，即以一百为基数的比率，常用于统计、数据分析和日常比较。","这次考试及格的学生占全班的百分比是九十五。\n请把这些数据换算成百分比，再做成图表。\n今年公司的销售额增长的百分比比去年高很多。","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_e14d75bf6c5ab974_zh-CN.mp3",{"id":1292,"vocabularyWord":1293,"displayOrder":61},"01a0e1ae-1454-7d91-b497-7fb7c527f888",{"id":1294,"word":1295,"frequency":51,"level":422,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1296,"partsOfSpeech":1297,"audio":1148,"audioUrl":1302},"01a0e1ad-ed99-7c0b-8d89-a16198cd5cdc","百分之","tts_befd77f73ab49e30_zh-CN.mp3",[1298],{"id":1299,"partOfSpeech":1227,"definition":1300,"exampleSentences":1301,"isPrimary":1148,"meaningOrder":11},"01a0e1ad-ede5-77ee-af1f-b461f63077b0","放在数字前表示百分比，即以一百为分母的比例。","调查中百分之六十的人支持新方案。","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_befd77f73ab49e30_zh-CN.mp3",{"id":1304,"vocabularyWord":1305,"displayOrder":66},"01a0e1ae-1454-7dd1-b497-7fb7c5ada0fb",{"id":1306,"word":1307,"frequency":46,"level":422,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1308,"partsOfSpeech":1309,"audio":1148,"audioUrl":1326},"01a0e1ad-f135-7a6d-9141-1a101cb10622","占","tts_434ffe7fc592245f_zh-CN.mp3",[1310,1314,1318,1322],{"id":1311,"partOfSpeech":1176,"definition":1312,"exampleSentences":1313,"isPrimary":1128,"meaningOrder":21},"01a13171-5c5a-7bc3-a04e-74cb455e684f","读 zhàn。指处于某种有利的地位或形势,多用于固定搭配,如“占上风”“占优势”“占先”。","比赛一开始,我们队就占了上风。\n在价格方面,这家公司占有明显的优势。\n他总想占别人的便宜,所以朋友越来越少。",{"id":1315,"partOfSpeech":1176,"definition":1316,"exampleSentences":1317,"isPrimary":1128,"meaningOrder":26},"01a13171-5c5a-7c1f-a04e-74cb45a3379e","读 zhān。指用龟甲、蓍草、卦象等方法推测吉凶祸福,即占卜、算卦。","古人出征之前常常要占卜吉凶。\n他请算命先生占了一卦,看今年的运气如何。\n这位老人据说会用星象来占未来。",{"id":1319,"partOfSpeech":1176,"definition":1320,"exampleSentences":1321,"isPrimary":1148,"meaningOrder":11},"01a13171-5c5a-7ab7-a04e-74cb445e1c3e","读 zhàn。指占据、占用某个空间、位置或时间,使别人不能使用。","这张桌子占了房间一大半的地方。\n请不要用书包占座位,后面还有很多人在等。\n这个会议占用了我整个下午的时间。",{"id":1323,"partOfSpeech":1176,"definition":1324,"exampleSentences":1325,"isPrimary":1128,"meaningOrder":16},"01a13171-5c5a-7b5b-a04e-74cb4542029a","读 zhàn。指在总数中占有一定的比例或数量,常与数字、百分比连用。","女生占全班人数的百分之六十。\n水占人体体重的大部分。\n这个城市的老年人占总人口的五分之一。","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_434ffe7fc592245f_zh-CN.mp3",{"id":1328,"vocabularyWord":1329,"displayOrder":71},"01a0e1ae-1454-7e0d-b497-7fb7c5afef85",{"id":1330,"word":1331,"frequency":41,"level":422,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1332,"partsOfSpeech":1333,"audio":1148,"audioUrl":1342},"01a0e1ad-ef4f-72f4-9aa3-5ed0d82649c9","比例","tts_ac757a0abdc25d83_zh-CN.mp3",[1334,1338],{"id":1335,"partOfSpeech":1145,"definition":1336,"exampleSentences":1337,"isPrimary":1128,"meaningOrder":16},"01a13173-b233-75ed-9d99-2e011e2fb767","指事物各部分之间在大小、长短、轻重等方面的协调关系，也指地图、图纸上的距离与实际距离之间的比率（比例尺）。","这幅画人物的身体比例画得很准确。\n这张地图的比例是一比五万。\n模型按照一定的比例缩小，看起来和真车一模一样。",{"id":1339,"partOfSpeech":1145,"definition":1340,"exampleSentences":1341,"isPrimary":1148,"meaningOrder":11},"01a13173-b233-74d1-9d99-2e011d5e6d8e","指一个数量与另一个数量相比所得的倍数关系，或指整体中各部分之间数量上的相对关系。","这个班男生和女生的比例是一比一。\n他把水和糖按照三比一的比例混合在一起。\n我们公司女性员工的比例逐年上升。","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_ac757a0abdc25d83_zh-CN.mp3",{"id":1344,"vocabularyWord":1345,"displayOrder":76},"01a0e1ae-1454-7e51-b497-7fb7c6990e6c",{"id":1346,"word":1347,"frequency":46,"level":422,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1348,"partsOfSpeech":1349,"audio":1148,"audioUrl":1354},"01a0e1ad-f133-7524-96a9-e55effea991d","增加","tts_5995d475b9bff860_zh-CN.mp3",[1350],{"id":1351,"partOfSpeech":1176,"definition":1352,"exampleSentences":1353,"isPrimary":1148,"meaningOrder":11},"01a13172-0724-7483-9eba-214395a6e709","指在原有的基础上数量或程度变多、变大,也可以指人为地添加,使数量变多。既可以作不及物动词(自然变多),也可以带宾语(使之变多)。","今年公司的销售额增加了百分之二十。\n随着年龄的增长,他的责任也不断增加。\n学校决定增加一些体育课程。","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_5995d475b9bff860_zh-CN.mp3",{"id":1356,"vocabularyWord":1357,"displayOrder":81},"01a0e1ae-1454-7e8d-b497-7fb7c70a4de6",{"id":1358,"word":1359,"frequency":46,"level":422,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1360,"partsOfSpeech":1361,"audio":1148,"audioUrl":1366},"01a0e1ad-efa7-7657-bc19-7fe6e470cda3","减少","tts_2a1bf24b2a233e24_zh-CN.mp3",[1362],{"id":1363,"partOfSpeech":1176,"definition":1364,"exampleSentences":1365,"isPrimary":1148,"meaningOrder":11},"01a13170-f9c6-7407-95d2-beb7ee1d9054","指数量、程度等变少，或使数量、程度变少；既可以表示自然变少（不及物），也可以表示人为地使之降低（及物）。","最近城市里的空气污染明显减少了。\n为了保护健康，医生建议他减少吸烟和喝酒。\n公司采取了很多措施来减少不必要的开支。","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_2a1bf24b2a233e24_zh-CN.mp3",{"id":1368,"vocabularyWord":1369,"displayOrder":86},"01a0e1ae-1454-7ecd-b497-7fb7c7b04c67",{"id":1370,"word":1371,"frequency":41,"level":422,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1372,"partsOfSpeech":1373,"audio":1148,"audioUrl":1382},"01a0e1ad-f069-7727-9e12-91a82c119d07","上涨","tts_e01fbc0879245956_zh-CN.mp3",[1374,1378],{"id":1375,"partOfSpeech":1176,"definition":1376,"exampleSentences":1377,"isPrimary":1148,"meaningOrder":11},"01a1316f-a386-7632-8498-a20d179296d2","指价格、物价、水位、指数等向上升高、增长。","最近猪肉价格上涨了很多。\n受天气影响，蔬菜的价格持续上涨。\n今天股市大幅上涨，投资者信心增强。",{"id":1379,"partOfSpeech":1176,"definition":1380,"exampleSentences":1381,"isPrimary":1128,"meaningOrder":16},"01a1316f-a386-76d6-8498-a20d18901920","指河水、湖水等水位上升、升高。","连日大雨，河水迅速上涨，居民被迫转移。\n水库的水位上涨了两米。\n洪水上涨的速度超出了人们的预料。","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_e01fbc0879245956_zh-CN.mp3",{"id":1384,"vocabularyWord":1385,"displayOrder":91},"01a0e1ae-1454-7f09-b497-7fb7c89c9332",{"id":1386,"word":1387,"frequency":46,"level":422,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1388,"partsOfSpeech":1389,"audio":1148,"audioUrl":1394},"01a0e1ad-efa6-7615-b89a-2f0be7a27bb0","降低","tts_dc5e53fad0c90e9c_zh-CN.mp3",[1390],{"id":1391,"partOfSpeech":1176,"definition":1392,"exampleSentences":1393,"isPrimary":1148,"meaningOrder":11},"01a13175-8ee0-77f0-8772-6b0dcced9728","使数量、程度、水平、价格、标准等变少、变小或变低，可以带宾语，也可以表示自身下降。","政府采取了措施来降低物价。\n多运动可以降低患心脏病的风险。\n晚上气温明显降低了，出门要多穿一件衣服。","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_dc5e53fad0c90e9c_zh-CN.mp3",{"id":1396,"vocabularyWord":1397,"displayOrder":96},"01a0e1ae-1454-7f49-b497-7fb7c8de531a",{"id":1398,"word":1399,"frequency":41,"level":643,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1400,"partsOfSpeech":1401,"audio":1148,"audioUrl":1406},"01a0e1ad-eddb-75e9-8bc5-a22be0c30488","百分点","tts_54e07022c523200b_zh-CN.mp3",[1402],{"id":1403,"partOfSpeech":1145,"definition":1404,"exampleSentences":1405,"isPrimary":1148,"meaningOrder":11},"01a0e1ad-eded-70d2-a0d2-950e9ff00b64","比较两个百分比时表示其数值差，一个百分点等于百分之一。","支持率从百分之五十升到百分之六十，提高了十个百分点。","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_54e07022c523200b_zh-CN.mp3",{"id":1408,"vocabularyWord":1409,"displayOrder":101},"01a0e1ae-1454-7f9d-b497-7fb7c9ad561c",{"id":1410,"word":1411,"frequency":51,"level":422,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1412,"partsOfSpeech":1413,"audio":1148,"audioUrl":1422},"01a0e1ad-f0dd-7989-ac8a-25f96ef86147","提高","tts_eb0c331c3faca070_zh-CN.mp3",[1414,1418],{"id":1415,"partOfSpeech":1176,"definition":1416,"exampleSentences":1417,"isPrimary":1128,"meaningOrder":16},"01a13172-e151-7010-be59-1caad288ffb8","（多用于“提高警惕”“提高嗓门”等搭配）使程度或音量变得更高、更强，指增强注意力或抬高声音。","晚上一个人出门，一定要提高警惕。\n教室里太吵了，老师不得不提高嗓门讲话。\n大家要提高环保意识，减少浪费。",{"id":1419,"partOfSpeech":1176,"definition":1420,"exampleSentences":1421,"isPrimary":1148,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id=\"section\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>倍数：总量还是增加的量\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>表达倍数时，常用以下结构。注意：\u003Cstrong>是……的几倍\u003C\u002Fstrong>比较两个总量，\u003Cstrong>比……增加了几倍\u003C\u002Fstrong>比较增加的量与原来的量。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>结构\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例句\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>数量关系\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>甲是乙的＋倍数\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>甲店的面积是乙店的三倍。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>乙店一百平方米，甲店三百平方米\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>比原来增加了＋倍数\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>员工人数比原来增加了两倍。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>原来十人，现在三十人\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>增加到原来的＋倍数\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>员工人数增加到原来的两倍。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>原来十人，现在二十人\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>翻了一番\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>今年的销售额比去年翻了一番。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>去年十万元，今年二十万元\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>增加一倍\u003C\u002Fstrong>表示增加的量等于原来的量，因此总量变成原来的\u003Cstrong>两倍\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003Cstrong>翻一番\u003C\u002Fstrong>也表示变成两倍；翻两番则变成四倍。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>某工厂原来每天生产二百件产品，现在每天生产六百件。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>现在的日产量\u003Cstrong>是原来的三倍\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>日产量\u003Cstrong>比原来增加了两倍\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>日产量\u003Cstrong>增加到了原来的三倍\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>三句话描述的是同一个变化。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>两倍\u003C\u002Fstrong>和\u003Cstrong>一倍\u003C\u002Fstrong>在这里不能互换：从二百增加到六百，是原来的三倍，不是增加了三倍。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>“多两倍”“增长两倍”等说法在实际交流中有时会被混用。需要准确说明数据时，可以同时写出原来的数量和现在的数量。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>分数：先说分母，再说分子\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>汉语分数的基本顺序是\u003Cstrong>分母＋分之＋分子\u003C\u002Fstrong>。分母说明平均分成多少份，分子说明取其中多少份。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>数字\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>汉语读法\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例句\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>1\u002F3\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>三分之一\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>这笔费用是总预算的三分之一。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>2\u002F5\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>五分之二\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>五分之二的受访者选择了公交车。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>3\u002F4\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>四分之三\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>我已经看完了这本书的四分之三。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>1\u002F2\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>二分之一，也常说“一半”\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>一半的学生住在学校附近。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>分数通常有两种常见位置：\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>分数＋的＋名词\u003C\u002Fstrong>：三分之一的学生参加了活动。强调这一部分学生。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>整体＋的＋分数\u003C\u002Fstrong>：参加活动的学生人数是全校学生总人数的三分之一。明确说明部分与整体的关系。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>看到“甲的三分之一”，先问：整体是什么？例如，“预算的三分之一”以全部预算为整体，不是以已经花掉的钱为整体。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-3\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>百分比：表达比例与占比\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>百分比可以看作分母是一百的分数。\u003Cstrong>25%\u003Cstrong>读作\u003C\u002Fstrong>百分之二十五\u003C\u002Fstrong>，与\u003Cstrong>四分之一\u003C\u002Fstrong>表示的比例相同。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>表达部分在整体中的比例时，常用\u003Cstrong>部分＋占＋整体＋的＋百分比\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>这次调查共有四百人参加，其中一百人每天骑车上班。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>每天骑车上班的人\u003Cstrong>占受访者总人数的百分之二十五\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>百分之二十五的受访者\u003C\u002Fstrong>每天骑车上班。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>每天骑车上班的人数\u003Cstrong>是受访者总人数的四分之一\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>整体已经清楚时，可以说：“这次调查中，每天骑车上班的人占百分之二十五。”正式介绍数据时，最好交代清楚整体，避免把受访者比例误当成全体居民的比例。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>比例可以超过百分之百\u003C\u002Fstrong>，但要看比较关系。例如，“今年的产量是去年的百分之一百二十”是合理的，因为比较的是两年的产量。若说明某一部分在同一整体中的占比，该部分不能超过整体。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-4\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>数量变化：“了”和“到”\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>增加了、减少了\u003C\u002Fstrong>后面的数值表示变化的量；\u003Cstrong>增加到、减少到\u003C\u002Fstrong>后面的数值表示变化后的结果。用比例表达变化时，还要说明以什么数量为标准。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>以下各句都以原价二百元为标准：\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>表达\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>现在的价格\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>说明\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>价格比原来上涨了百分之二十。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>二百四十元\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>增加四十元\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>价格上涨到原来的百分之一百二十。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>二百四十元\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>现价是原价的百分之一百二十\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>价格比原来降低了四分之一。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>一百五十元\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>减少五十元\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>价格降低到原来的四分之一。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>五十元\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>现价只剩原价的四分之一\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>表达减少时，不宜用“减少一倍”“降低两倍”等说法。它们不能清楚地表示剩余多少。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>如果价格从二百元变成一百元，可以说：\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>价格\u003Cstrong>降低了一半\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>价格\u003Cstrong>降低到原来的一半\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>这里两句结果相同，是因为减少的部分与剩下的部分恰好都是一半；换成“四分之一”，两句的结果就不同了。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-5\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>百分比与百分点\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>当比较的两个数本身都是百分比时，可以用\u003Cstrong>百分点\u003C\u002Fstrong>表示它们之间的直接差值。\u003Cstrong>提高了百分之几\u003C\u002Fstrong>则通常表示相对于原来数值的增长比例。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>某公司的市场份额从百分之二十升到百分之三十。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>市场份额\u003Cstrong>提高了十个百分点\u003C\u002Fstrong>：三十减二十，差十。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>市场份额\u003Cstrong>比原来提高了百分之五十\u003C\u002Fstrong>：增加的十相当于原来的二十的一半。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>这两种表达描述同一个变化，但计算方式不同。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>变化\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>百分点的变化\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>相对于原来的变化\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>合格率从百分之八十升到百分之八十八\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>提高八个百分点\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>提高百分之十\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>合格率从百分之八十降到百分之七十二\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>下降八个百分点\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>下降百分之十\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>百分点\u003C\u002Fstrong>用于比较百分比数值，不能直接表示人数或价格的增减。可以说“合格率提高了五个百分点”，不能用“人数增加了五个百分点”来表示人数增长了百分之五。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-6\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">6.\u003C\u002Fspan>表达前的检查顺序\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>找准标准\u003C\u002Fstrong>：比较的是去年、原价，还是全体受访者？\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>判断关系\u003C\u002Fstrong>：表达总量的倍数、部分的占比，还是数量的变化？\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>区分变化和结果\u003C\u002Fstrong>：增加了多少，还是增加到多少？\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>检查单位\u003C\u002Fstrong>：两个百分比之间的直接差值用“百分点”，相对变化用百分比。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cp>记住：\u003Cstrong>是三倍＝增加两倍\u003C\u002Fstrong>；\u003Cstrong>减少了四分之一≠减少到四分之一\u003C\u002Fstrong>；\u003Cstrong>从百分之二十升到百分之三十＝提高十个百分点\u003C\u002Fstrong>。这些表达都要建立在比较标准明确的基础上。\u003C\u002Fp>\n",[1482,1486,1490,1494,1498,1502],{"id":1483,"text":1484,"depth":16,"number":1485},"section","倍数：总量还是增加的量","1",{"id":1487,"text":1488,"depth":16,"number":1489},"section-2","分数：先说分母，再说分子","2",{"id":1491,"text":1492,"depth":16,"number":1493},"section-3","百分比：表达比例与占比","3",{"id":1495,"text":1496,"depth":16,"number":1497},"section-4","数量变化：“了”和“到”","4",{"id":1499,"text":1500,"depth":16,"number":1501},"section-5","百分比与百分点","5",{"id":1503,"text":1504,"depth":16,"number":1505},"section-6","表达前的检查顺序","6"]