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1. 从移动方向到状态变化\n\n先看句子是在说实际移动，还是在说某种变化或结果。\n\n| 补语 | 表示实际移动 | 表示引申义 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **出来** | 他从房间里走出来了。 | 我听出来了，是小王的声音。 |\n| **过来** | 她从对面走过来了。 | 她终于醒过来了。 |\n| **过去** | 他走到窗边去了。／他走过去了。 | 他突然晕过去了。 |\n\n右栏没有人或物从一个地方移到另一个地方。“来、去”参与表达的是认识或状态上的变化。\n\n:::note\n引申义有搭配限制，不能把三个补语随意换用。例如，恢复意识通常说**醒过来**，失去意识通常说**晕过去**。\n:::\n\n## 2. 出来：发现、显现和产生结果\n\n**动词＋出来**常把原来不明显、不知道或不存在的东西，变成可以辨认、表达或看见的结果。\n\n| 用法 | 常见搭配 | 例句 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 发现、辨认 | 看出来、听出来、认出来 | 虽然多年没见，我还是把他认出来了。 |\n| 表达、显现 | 说出来、表现出来 | 她把自己的担心说出来了。 |\n| 想出、做出成果 | 想出来、设计出来 | 这个办法是大家一起想出来的。 |\n\n这里的“原来不明显”不一定指完全看不见，也可能指已经看到或听到，却还没有理解其中的信息。\n\n:::example\n他只说了一句“我没事”，但我**听出来**他很难过。\n\n我**听到**他说话了，但没**听出来**他是谁。\n\n第一句表示从声音中判断出情绪。第二句中，**听到**只说明接收到了声音，**听出来**则强调辨认的结果。\n:::\n\n并不是所有动词都能这样搭配。比如，理解一篇文章通常说“看懂了”，不能不加区别地换成“看出来了”。**看出来**通常需要有可供判断的信息，如“看出来他不高兴”。\n\n### 出来与起来\n\n| 对照 | 例句 | 意义重点 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 看起来 | 他**看起来**很累。 | 外表给人的印象 |\n| 看出来 | 我**看出来**他很累。 | 通过观察作出判断，发现了他的状态 |\n| 想出来 | 我终于**想出来**一个办法。 | 经过思考产生办法 |\n| 想起来 | 我终于**想起来**他的名字了。 | 恢复记忆，记起原来知道的信息 |\n\n“看起来”侧重印象，“看出来”侧重发现；“想出来”侧重产生思考成果，“想起来”在这里侧重回忆。\n\n### 宾语放在哪里\n\n带引申义的复合趋向补语，宾语位置要看具体搭配和宾语类型，不能一律套用同一种语序。\n\n| 说法 | 自然程度与用法 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 我认出他来了。 | 自然。“他”放在“出”和“来”之间，仍表示辨认出身份。 |\n| 我把他认出来了。 | 自然。“把＋宾语”放在动词前，“认出来”连在一起。 |\n| 我认出来了他。 | 单独这样说不够自然。宾语是代词“他”时，通常用前两种说法。 |\n\n“出来”后面并非不能带宾语。例如，“想出来一个办法”很自然；“看出来他很累”中，后面接的是表示判断内容的小句。已经明确的人或事物，常可以用“把＋宾语＋动词＋复合趋向补语”，如“把自己的担心说出来”“把这个坏习惯改过来”。使用“把”字句时，宾语放在“把”后、动词前。\n\n## 3. 过来：恢复、转变和应付\n\n**过来**常表示从不清醒、不正常或不合适的状态，转到清醒、正常或合适的状态。\n\n- **醒过来、清醒过来**：恢复意识或清醒状态。\n- **缓过来**：从疲劳、疼痛、惊吓等状态中恢复。\n- **改过来、纠正过来**：使习惯、错误等发生改变。\n\n:::example\n休息了半个小时，他才**缓过来**。\n\n这个坏习惯不是一天就能**改过来**的。\n\n昏迷了两天，她终于**醒过来**了。\n:::\n\n“过来”也常表示从没理解、没意识到，转为理解或意识到。\n\n| 常见搭配 | 意思 | 例句 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 明白过来 | 从不理解到理解 | 听了他的解释，我才**明白过来**，原来是我误会了。 |\n| 反应过来 | 意识到发生了什么或话里的意思 | 他叫了我两声，我才**反应过来**，他是在叫我。 |\n| 回过神来 | 从发呆、惊讶等状态中恢复注意力 | 她愣了几秒才**回过神来**，接着回答问题。 |\n\n“回过神来”中的“神”位于“过”和“来”之间，整个搭配要一起记。\n\n在**忙得过来、忙不过来、照顾不过来**等搭配中，“过来”还涉及能否应付一定数量的事情。\n\n| 表达 | 意思 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 这些工作我一个人**忙得过来**。 | 我有能力处理这些工作。 |\n| 今天客人太多，我们**忙不过来**。 | 工作量太大，我们无法全部应付。 |\n| 三个孩子都生病了，她一个人**照顾不过来**。 | 她无法充分照顾所有孩子。 |\n\n:::tip\n**忙不过来**不只是“很忙”，还说明事情超过了能够处理的范围。这类表达常出现人数、数量或工作量方面的信息。\n:::\n\n## 4. 过去：失去知觉、度过和应付了事\n\n在**晕过去、昏过去**中，“过去”表示进入失去知觉的状态，与“醒过来”形成常见对照。\n\n:::example\n他突然**晕过去**了。几分钟后，他又**醒过来**了。\n\n这里的两个补语表示状态变化，不表示他向哪里移动。\n:::\n\n“过去”也可以表示越过某个困难或关口。\n\n- **熬过去**：忍受困难，直到困难阶段结束。\n- **挺过去**：坚持住，度过艰难阶段。\n- **蒙混过去**：用含糊或欺骗的办法逃过检查、追问等。\n- **糊弄过去**：不认真处理，只求暂时应付了事。\n\n例如：“最难的几天已经熬过去了。”强调困难阶段已经结束；“这次检查很严格，别想蒙混过去。”强调不能靠欺骗逃过检查。\n\n### 常用固定表达\n\n| 表达 | 意思 | 例句 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 说得过去 | 理由合理，或表现基本可以接受 | 虽然不够完美，但第一次做能做到这样，也**说得过去**。 |\n| 看不过去 | 对某种行为不满，觉得不能容忍 | 他总是欺负新来的同事，我实在**看不过去**。 |\n| 过意不去 | 因为给别人添麻烦等而感到抱歉、不安 | 让你等了这么久，我真**过意不去**。 |\n\n“说得过去”和“看不过去”不能按字面理解成说话或观看的方向；“过意不去”也是需要整体记忆的固定表达，并不是普通的“动词＋过去”结构。\n\n:::warning\n不能简单地把**过来**理解成“变好”，把**过去**理解成“变坏”。“挺过去了”可以表示成功度过困难；具体意义要看整个搭配。\n:::\n\n## 5. 看语境，不机械换补语\n\n### 熬过来与熬过去\n\n两种说法都可以表示度过困难，但观察事情的角度略有不同。\n\n| 表达 | 常见视角 | 例句 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **熬过来** | 从现在回看自己经历的困难，强调一路坚持到了现在 | 回想那段日子，真不知道自己是怎么熬过来的。 |\n| **熬过去** | 把困难看成需要越过的阶段，强调越过它 | 再坚持两天，把这段最忙的日子熬过去就好了。 |\n\n这种区别不是严格的时间规则。“终于熬过来了”和“终于熬过去了”都可以描述已经度过困难，只是强调的角度不同。\n\n### 没有实现与不能实现\n\n这些引申义也会出现在已经学过的可能补语结构中。要分清**没＋动词＋补语**与**动词＋不＋补语**。\n\n:::example\n录音刚才放了一遍，我**没听出来**是谁。——这一次没有辨认成功。\n\n录音太模糊，我**听不出来**是谁。——在这种条件下无法辨认。\n\n她刚才没把自己的担心**说出来**。——没有表达出来，原因可能是不愿意，也可能是没机会。\n\n她想解释，却紧张得**说不出来**。——在当时的状态下无法表达。\n:::\n\n不要把“没说出来”一律理解成“没有能力说出来”，也不要把“说不出来”只当作过去没有发生的事情。\n\n## 6. 选择补语的小检查\n\n1. **先看是不是实际移动**：如果不是，就考虑认识、状态或处理事情的结果。\n2. **再看意义和搭配**：辨认、表达或产生结果，常用“出来”；恢复和应付工作量，常见“过来”；失去知觉或越过困难，常见“过去”。\n3. 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id=\"section\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>从移动方向到状态变化\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>先看句子是在说实际移动，还是在说某种变化或结果。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>补语\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>表示实际移动\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>表示引申义\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>出来\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>他从房间里走出来了。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>我听出来了，是小王的声音。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>过来\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>她从对面走过来了。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>她终于醒过来了。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>过去\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>他走到窗边去了。／他走过去了。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>他突然晕过去了。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>右栏没有人或物从一个地方移到另一个地方。“来、去”参与表达的是认识或状态上的变化。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>引申义有搭配限制，不能把三个补语随意换用。例如，恢复意识通常说\u003Cstrong>醒过来\u003C\u002Fstrong>，失去意识通常说\u003Cstrong>晕过去\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>出来：发现、显现和产生结果\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>动词＋出来\u003C\u002Fstrong>常把原来不明显、不知道或不存在的东西，变成可以辨认、表达或看见的结果。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>用法\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>常见搭配\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例句\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>发现、辨认\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>看出来、听出来、认出来\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>虽然多年没见，我还是把他认出来了。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>表达、显现\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>说出来、表现出来\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>她把自己的担心说出来了。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>想出、做出成果\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>想出来、设计出来\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>这个办法是大家一起想出来的。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>这里的“原来不明显”不一定指完全看不见，也可能指已经看到或听到，却还没有理解其中的信息。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>他只说了一句“我没事”，但我\u003Cstrong>听出来\u003C\u002Fstrong>他很难过。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>我\u003Cstrong>听到\u003C\u002Fstrong>他说话了，但没\u003Cstrong>听出来\u003C\u002Fstrong>他是谁。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>第一句表示从声音中判断出情绪。第二句中，\u003Cstrong>听到\u003C\u002Fstrong>只说明接收到了声音，\u003Cstrong>听出来\u003C\u002Fstrong>则强调辨认的结果。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>并不是所有动词都能这样搭配。比如，理解一篇文章通常说“看懂了”，不能不加区别地换成“看出来了”。\u003Cstrong>看出来\u003C\u002Fstrong>通常需要有可供判断的信息，如“看出来他不高兴”。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"section-3\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.1\u003C\u002Fspan>出来与起来\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>对照\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例句\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>意义重点\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>看起来\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>他\u003Cstrong>看起来\u003C\u002Fstrong>很累。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>外表给人的印象\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>看出来\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>我\u003Cstrong>看出来\u003C\u002Fstrong>他很累。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>通过观察作出判断，发现了他的状态\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>想出来\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>我终于\u003Cstrong>想出来\u003C\u002Fstrong>一个办法。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>经过思考产生办法\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>想起来\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>我终于\u003Cstrong>想起来\u003C\u002Fstrong>他的名字了。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>恢复记忆，记起原来知道的信息\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>“看起来”侧重印象，“看出来”侧重发现；“想出来”侧重产生思考成果，“想起来”在这里侧重回忆。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"section-4\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.2\u003C\u002Fspan>宾语放在哪里\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>带引申义的复合趋向补语，宾语位置要看具体搭配和宾语类型，不能一律套用同一种语序。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>说法\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>自然程度与用法\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>我认出他来了。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>自然。“他”放在“出”和“来”之间，仍表示辨认出身份。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>我把他认出来了。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>自然。“把＋宾语”放在动词前，“认出来”连在一起。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>我认出来了他。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>单独这样说不够自然。宾语是代词“他”时，通常用前两种说法。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>“出来”后面并非不能带宾语。例如，“想出来一个办法”很自然；“看出来他很累”中，后面接的是表示判断内容的小句。已经明确的人或事物，常可以用“把＋宾语＋动词＋复合趋向补语”，如“把自己的担心说出来”“把这个坏习惯改过来”。使用“把”字句时，宾语放在“把”后、动词前。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-5\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>过来：恢复、转变和应付\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>过来\u003C\u002Fstrong>常表示从不清醒、不正常或不合适的状态，转到清醒、正常或合适的状态。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>醒过来、清醒过来\u003C\u002Fstrong>：恢复意识或清醒状态。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>缓过来\u003C\u002Fstrong>：从疲劳、疼痛、惊吓等状态中恢复。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>改过来、纠正过来\u003C\u002Fstrong>：使习惯、错误等发生改变。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>休息了半个小时，他才\u003Cstrong>缓过来\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>这个坏习惯不是一天就能\u003Cstrong>改过来\u003C\u002Fstrong>的。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>昏迷了两天，她终于\u003Cstrong>醒过来\u003C\u002Fstrong>了。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>“过来”也常表示从没理解、没意识到，转为理解或意识到。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>常见搭配\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>意思\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例句\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>明白过来\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>从不理解到理解\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>听了他的解释，我才\u003Cstrong>明白过来\u003C\u002Fstrong>，原来是我误会了。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>反应过来\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>意识到发生了什么或话里的意思\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>他叫了我两声，我才\u003Cstrong>反应过来\u003C\u002Fstrong>，他是在叫我。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>回过神来\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>从发呆、惊讶等状态中恢复注意力\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>她愣了几秒才\u003Cstrong>回过神来\u003C\u002Fstrong>，接着回答问题。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>“回过神来”中的“神”位于“过”和“来”之间，整个搭配要一起记。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>在\u003Cstrong>忙得过来、忙不过来、照顾不过来\u003C\u002Fstrong>等搭配中，“过来”还涉及能否应付一定数量的事情。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>表达\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>意思\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>这些工作我一个人\u003Cstrong>忙得过来\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>我有能力处理这些工作。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>今天客人太多，我们\u003Cstrong>忙不过来\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>工作量太大，我们无法全部应付。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>三个孩子都生病了，她一个人\u003Cstrong>照顾不过来\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>她无法充分照顾所有孩子。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>忙不过来\u003C\u002Fstrong>不只是“很忙”，还说明事情超过了能够处理的范围。这类表达常出现人数、数量或工作量方面的信息。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-6\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>过去：失去知觉、度过和应付了事\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>在\u003Cstrong>晕过去、昏过去\u003C\u002Fstrong>中，“过去”表示进入失去知觉的状态，与“醒过来”形成常见对照。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>他突然\u003Cstrong>晕过去\u003C\u002Fstrong>了。几分钟后，他又\u003Cstrong>醒过来\u003C\u002Fstrong>了。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>这里的两个补语表示状态变化，不表示他向哪里移动。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>“过去”也可以表示越过某个困难或关口。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>熬过去\u003C\u002Fstrong>：忍受困难，直到困难阶段结束。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>挺过去\u003C\u002Fstrong>：坚持住，度过艰难阶段。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>蒙混过去\u003C\u002Fstrong>：用含糊或欺骗的办法逃过检查、追问等。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>糊弄过去\u003C\u002Fstrong>：不认真处理，只求暂时应付了事。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>例如：“最难的几天已经熬过去了。”强调困难阶段已经结束；“这次检查很严格，别想蒙混过去。”强调不能靠欺骗逃过检查。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"section-7\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.1\u003C\u002Fspan>常用固定表达\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>表达\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>意思\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例句\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>说得过去\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>理由合理，或表现基本可以接受\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>虽然不够完美，但第一次做能做到这样，也\u003Cstrong>说得过去\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>看不过去\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>对某种行为不满，觉得不能容忍\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>他总是欺负新来的同事，我实在\u003Cstrong>看不过去\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>过意不去\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>因为给别人添麻烦等而感到抱歉、不安\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>让你等了这么久，我真\u003Cstrong>过意不去\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>“说得过去”和“看不过去”不能按字面理解成说话或观看的方向；“过意不去”也是需要整体记忆的固定表达，并不是普通的“动词＋过去”结构。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>不能简单地把\u003Cstrong>过来\u003C\u002Fstrong>理解成“变好”，把\u003Cstrong>过去\u003C\u002Fstrong>理解成“变坏”。“挺过去了”可以表示成功度过困难；具体意义要看整个搭配。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-8\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>看语境，不机械换补语\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"section-9\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.1\u003C\u002Fspan>熬过来与熬过去\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>两种说法都可以表示度过困难，但观察事情的角度略有不同。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>表达\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>常见视角\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例句\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>熬过来\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>从现在回看自己经历的困难，强调一路坚持到了现在\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>回想那段日子，真不知道自己是怎么熬过来的。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>熬过去\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>把困难看成需要越过的阶段，强调越过它\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>再坚持两天，把这段最忙的日子熬过去就好了。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>这种区别不是严格的时间规则。“终于熬过来了”和“终于熬过去了”都可以描述已经度过困难，只是强调的角度不同。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"section-10\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.2\u003C\u002Fspan>没有实现与不能实现\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>这些引申义也会出现在已经学过的可能补语结构中。要分清\u003Cstrong>没＋动词＋补语\u003C\u002Fstrong>与\u003Cstrong>动词＋不＋补语\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>录音刚才放了一遍，我\u003Cstrong>没听出来\u003C\u002Fstrong>是谁。——这一次没有辨认成功。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>录音太模糊，我\u003Cstrong>听不出来\u003C\u002Fstrong>是谁。——在这种条件下无法辨认。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>她刚才没把自己的担心\u003Cstrong>说出来\u003C\u002Fstrong>。——没有表达出来，原因可能是不愿意，也可能是没机会。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>她想解释，却紧张得\u003Cstrong>说不出来\u003C\u002Fstrong>。——在当时的状态下无法表达。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>不要把“没说出来”一律理解成“没有能力说出来”，也不要把“说不出来”只当作过去没有发生的事情。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-11\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">6.\u003C\u002Fspan>选择补语的小检查\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>先看是不是实际移动\u003C\u002Fstrong>：如果不是，就考虑认识、状态或处理事情的结果。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>再看意义和搭配\u003C\u002Fstrong>：辨认、表达或产生结果，常用“出来”；恢复和应付工作量，常见“过来”；失去知觉或越过困难，常见“过去”。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>最后看语境\u003C\u002Fstrong>：是在说结果没有实现，还是无法实现？两个表达都成立时，视角是否不同？\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cp>记住三组常见对照：\u003Cstrong>听到／听出来\u003C\u002Fstrong>区分听见与辨认，\u003Cstrong>晕过去／醒过来\u003C\u002Fstrong>区分失去与恢复意识，\u003Cstrong>没说出来／说不出来\u003C\u002Fstrong>区分没有实现与无法实现。\u003C\u002Fp>\n",[1577,1581,1585,1589,1593,1597,1601,1605,1609,1613,1617],{"id":1578,"text":1579,"depth":16,"number":1580},"section","从移动方向到状态变化","1",{"id":1582,"text":1583,"depth":16,"number":1584},"section-2","出来：发现、显现和产生结果","2",{"id":1586,"text":1587,"depth":21,"number":1588},"section-3","出来与起来","2.1",{"id":1590,"text":1591,"depth":21,"number":1592},"section-4","宾语放在哪里","2.2",{"id":1594,"text":1595,"depth":16,"number":1596},"section-5","过来：恢复、转变和应付","3",{"id":1598,"text":1599,"depth":16,"number":1600},"section-6","过去：失去知觉、度过和应付了事","4",{"id":1602,"text":1603,"depth":21,"number":1604},"section-7","常用固定表达","4.1",{"id":1606,"text":1607,"depth":16,"number":1608},"section-8","看语境，不机械换补语","5",{"id":1610,"text":1611,"depth":21,"number":1612},"section-9","熬过来与熬过去","5.1",{"id":1614,"text":1615,"depth":21,"number":1616},"section-10","没有实现与不能实现","5.2",{"id":1618,"text":1619,"depth":16,"number":1620},"section-11","选择补语的小检查","6"]