[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-page-zh-dongliang-buyu-ci-bian-xia":3,"grammar-exercises-by-page-01a0e1ad-b4dd-7575-83ec-8ce1909d271c":78,"exercise-list-path-zh-none":104},{"id":4,"title":5,"slug":6,"seoDescription":7,"content":8,"language":9,"level":10,"displayOrder":11,"grammarTopics":12,"createdAt":19,"updatedAt":20,"vocabularyLists":21,"primaryTopicHub":75,"readyImages":77},"01a0e1ad-b4dd-7575-83ec-8ce1909d271c","动量补语：次、遍、下","dongliang-buyu-ci-bian-xia","掌握动量补语次、遍、下的基本用法，学习在动词后说明动作做了多少次。区分一次和一遍，理解一下表示一次短动作或让请求更客气的用法。通过看电影、读课文、敲门和请求帮助等例子，练习数量词、了和宾语的位置，了解普通名词与人称代词的常见语序，避免把动作次数、完整过程和短暂动作混在一起，说清日常动作。","看电影可以说看了两**次**，读课文可以说读了两**遍**，敲门可以说敲了两**下**。这些放在动词后面、说明动作数量的词，叫作**动量补语**。\n\n下面学习怎样区分“次、遍、下”，怎样用“一下”提出更客气的请求，以及数量词、“了”和宾语的常见位置。\n\n## 1. 次、遍、下有什么不同\n\n| 形式 | 主要意思 | 例子 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 数字＋**次** | 说明动作发生的次数 | 我去过三**次**。 |\n| 数字＋**遍** | 从头到尾做某个动作的次数 | 这篇课文我读了两**遍**。 |\n| 数字＋**下** | 说明敲、拍等短动作的次数 | 他敲了三**下**门。 |\n\n这些词前面常有数字。说数量是二时，通常用**两次、两遍、两下**。\n\n## 2. 次：动作发生了几次\n\n**次**常用来回答“做了几次”。去医院、打电话、看电影等，都可以用“次”来计算。\n\n:::example\n甲：你去过几**次**上海？\n\n乙：我去过两**次**。\n\n我今天给妈妈打了三**次**电话。\n\n这部电影我看过一**次**。\n:::\n\n“次”只说明次数，**不特别说明每次是不是从头到尾做完了**。\n\n## 3. 遍：从头到尾做一次\n\n读课文、听录音、看电影等动作，有开头，也有结尾。从头到尾做一次，就是做**一遍**。\n\n:::example\n这篇课文我读了**一遍**：从第一句读到最后一句。\n\n这段录音我听了**两遍**：从头到尾听了两次。\n\n请你把刚才的话再说**一遍**。\n:::\n\n比较下面两句话：\n\n- 这本书我看过**三次**：说明看这本书的次数，没有特别说明每次是否看完。\n- 这本书我看过**三遍**：说明从头到尾看了三次。\n\n:::warning\n**次**和**遍**不能随便交换。\n\n去医院通常说“我去了两**次**医院”，不说“我去了两**遍**医院”。这里是在计算去医院的次数，不是在说从头到尾完成一个过程。\n:::\n\n## 4. 下：短动作和客气的请求\n\n**下**常用来数很短的动作，例如敲门、拍手、按按钮。\n\n:::example\n他敲了**三下**门。\n\n孩子拍了**两下**手。\n\n请按**一下**这个按钮。\n:::\n\n**一下**还有一个常见用法：表示稍微做一做，让请求听起来更客气。这时不一定是在数“做一次”。\n\n:::example\n请看**一下**这张照片。\n\n你能帮我**一下**吗？\n\n请等**一下**。\n:::\n\n:::note\n“看一下”通常是请人稍微看看，**不要求从头到尾看完**；“看一遍”则表示从头到尾看一次。\n\n“等一下”表示等一小会儿，不是“等待一次”。\n:::\n\n## 5. 动词、了和宾语的位置\n\n最常见的形式是：**动词＋数字＋次／遍／下**。说已经做过的动作时，常用**动词＋了＋数字＋次／遍／下**。\n\n| 情况 | 常见形式 | 例子 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 不说宾语 | 动词＋了＋数量 | 我已经读了**两遍**。 |\n| 宾语是普通名词 | 动词＋了＋数量＋宾语 | 我读了**两遍课文**。 |\n| 宾语是人称代词 | 动词＋了＋代词＋数量 | 我问了**他两次**。 |\n| 先说谈论的东西 | 宾语＋主语＋动词＋了＋数量 | 这篇课文我读了**两遍**。 |\n\n这里的“宾语”是动作涉及的人或东西，例如“问他”的“他”、“读课文”的“课文”。\n\n:::tip\n宾语是“我、你、他”等人称代词时，把代词放在数量前面：**问了他两次**。\n\n“了”不是每次都要用。提出请求或说打算时，可以说：**请读一遍课文。**／**我想再看一次。**\n:::\n\n## 6. 选词小检查\n\n1. 只想说动作发生了几次？用**次**：去过两次。\n2. 想说从头到尾做了几次？用**遍**：读了两遍。\n3. 想数敲、拍等短动作？用**下**：敲了两下。\n4. 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