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1. 并列不等于递进\n\n在评论、论证与正式表达中，**“既……又……”**通常把两个方面并列呈现，**“不仅……更……”**则在肯定前项的基础上，把后项推向更重要、更深入或更出人意料的位置。选择哪一种，不只取决于事实内容，也取决于你希望读者如何理解两项之间的关系。\n\n需要特别注意：**“既……又……”本身不表示递进**。它可以出现在层层深入的论述中，但这种推进来自内容安排和上下文，而不是关联词本身。本页重点是辨认两种关系、安排表达重心，并避免没有依据的“拔高”。\n\n## 2. 两种结构如何组织信息\n\n| 结构 | 核心关系 | 表达重心 | 例句 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **既……又……** | 两个方面同时成立 | 通常兼顾两项 | 这份报告**既**描述了现状，**又**分析了成因。 |\n| **不仅……更……** | 肯定前项，再突出后项 | 重心通常落在后项 | 这份报告**不仅**描述了现状，**更**揭示了问题背后的制度缺陷。 |\n\n第一句呈现报告的两项内容，并未明确把其中一项评为更重要。第二句则把“揭示制度缺陷”作为分析的深化。\n\n“既……又……”最典型的用法是连接两个简短、并列的形容词或动词短语，例如“这种出行方式**既便宜又方便**”“她**既聪明又努力**”。在综合评价中，两项常有一致的评价方向，但这不是语法限制：“他既聪明又懒惰”也可以成立，表示两种特点同时存在。若重点是突出两项之间的反差，则用“他虽然聪明，却很懒惰”更明确。\n\n递进不一定是数量增加，也可以是评价层次的提升：\n\n- **程度加深**：不仅感到意外，更感到不安。\n- **认识深化**：不仅发现了问题，更看清了问题反复出现的原因。\n- **意义提升**：不仅是一次技术调整，更是一次治理理念的转变。\n\n:::note\n“更重要”不一定是客观、固定的排序。作者可以根据论证目的建立层次，但必须让读者看得出后项为什么值得特别强调。\n:::\n\n### 近义句式的强度与语体\n\n| 句式 | 关系与递进强度 | 常见语体与例句 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **既……也……** | 与“既……又……”相近，表示并列兼顾，本身不标明递进 | 口语、书面语均可：方案既考虑成本，也兼顾公平。 |\n| **不但／不仅／不只／不光……而且／还／也……** | 在前项基础上追加后项；递进可以较弱，不一定表示后项程度更深。“也”偏重追加，“而且”更明确地标示推进 | “不仅”较常见于书面语，“不但”“不只”口语、书面语均可，“不光”偏口语：他不光提出了问题，还给出了解决办法。 |\n| **不仅……更（是）……** | 明确突出后项在程度、认识或意义上的提升，强调通常强于一般追加 | 多用于评论和论证：这不仅是技术调整，更是理念转变。 |\n| **不仅……甚至……** | 把后项放在超出通常预期的位置，常带有较强的递进意味 | 口语、书面语均可：问题不仅影响了进度，甚至导致项目停摆。 |\n\n这些句式不能机械地排成固定的强弱等级；具体分量仍取决于内容。“更”侧重比较后的提升，“甚至”侧重超出预期，替换时要检查论证意图是否随之改变。\n\n## 3. 关联词的位置与结构对应\n\n两项共用一个主语时，通常先提出主语，再用关联词连接两个谓语部分。\n\n:::example\n这项研究**既**关注城市居民的出行需求，**又**考察公共交通的服务能力。\n\n这项研究**不仅**关注出行效率，**更**重视不同群体获得公共服务的机会是否平等。\n:::\n\n两项的结构应当清楚、可对应，但不要求字数一致。连接名词性成分时，常用“是”构成判断：\n\n> 这座图书馆**既是**阅读空间，**又是**社区交流的场所。\n>\n> 这座图书馆**不仅是**阅读空间，**更是**居民参与公共生活的平台。\n\n主语不同时，要让关联词清楚地标明各自管辖的分句。**“不仅”通常放在前一分句主语之前，“更”通常放在后一分句主语之后、谓语之前。**\n\n> **不仅**一线员工需要培训，管理层**更**需要重新理解服务标准。\n\n这里的递进针对两个群体的需要：管理层的培训需要被特别突出。句子不是单纯把两个主语列在一起。\n\n与“不仅”不同，**“既……又……”中的“既”是副词，有显式主语时应放在主语之后、谓语之前**，不能照搬“不仅”放在分句主语之前的位置。\n\n> ✗ 既企业获得了技术支持，又研究团队接触到了真实的生产问题。\n>\n> ✓ 这次合作既使企业获得了技术支持，又让研究团队接触到了真实的生产问题。\n\n“既……又……”连接的两项可以涉及不同的对象：\n\n> 这次合作**既**使企业获得了技术支持，**又**让研究团队接触到了真实的生产问题。\n\n这里两项共用的主语都是“这次合作”；“企业”和“研究团队”分别是“使”和“让”后面的对象，并不是两个分句各自的主语。\n\n:::tip\n先确认每一项究竟在说谁、说什么，再安排关联词。不要为了表面上的整齐，把“更”机械地移到主语之前。\n:::\n\n## 4. 同样的事实，不同的论证重心\n\n比较下面两句话：\n\n:::example\n**综合评价：**这项措施**既**降低了办事成本，**又**提高了信息透明度。\n\n**突出公共价值：**这项措施**不仅**降低了办事成本，**更**提高了信息透明度，使公众能够监督办理过程。\n:::\n\n两句可以描述同一组事实。第一句将两项成效并列列出；第二句通过后面的解释，把透明度与公众监督联系起来，从而建立递进层次。\n\n判断能否调换两项时，要区分事实与表达效果：\n\n- 使用**“既……又……”**时，调换两项往往不改变基本事实，但可能改变话题衔接和句末焦点。\n- 使用**“不仅……更……”**时，调换两项可能仍然合乎语法，却会改变论证的终点，甚至削弱原来的层次。\n\n例如，在强调行政效率的文章中，也可以写：\n\n> 这项措施**不仅**提高了信息透明度，**更**通过流程再造，大幅缩短了办理时间。\n\n这并不否定透明度的价值，而是把当前论述的重点放在办理效率上。因此，不能脱离语境，断言某一种排序永远正确。\n\n## 5. 三种需要警惕的表达问题\n\n### 把不同类别直接当作递进\n\n> 她不仅会法语，更会日语。\n\n这句话并非绝对不成立，但如果上下文没有说明日语为什么特别重要，递进关系就显得突兀。只是列举语言能力时，宜说：\n\n> 她**既会**法语，**又会**日语。\n\n若招聘岗位尤其需要日语，则可以明确写出依据：\n\n> 她**不仅**能处理法语文件，**更**能直接用日语与主要客户谈判，这正是岗位最需要的能力。\n\n### 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id=\"section\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>并列不等于递进\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>在评论、论证与正式表达中，**“既……又……”\u003Cstrong>通常把两个方面并列呈现，\u003C\u002Fstrong>“不仅……更……”**则在肯定前项的基础上，把后项推向更重要、更深入或更出人意料的位置。选择哪一种，不只取决于事实内容，也取决于你希望读者如何理解两项之间的关系。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>需要特别注意：\u003Cstrong>“既……又……”本身不表示递进\u003C\u002Fstrong>。它可以出现在层层深入的论述中，但这种推进来自内容安排和上下文，而不是关联词本身。本页重点是辨认两种关系、安排表达重心，并避免没有依据的“拔高”。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>两种结构如何组织信息\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>结构\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>核心关系\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>表达重心\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例句\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>既……又……\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>两个方面同时成立\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>通常兼顾两项\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>这份报告\u003Cstrong>既\u003C\u002Fstrong>描述了现状，\u003Cstrong>又\u003C\u002Fstrong>分析了成因。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>不仅……更……\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>肯定前项，再突出后项\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>重心通常落在后项\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>这份报告\u003Cstrong>不仅\u003C\u002Fstrong>描述了现状，\u003Cstrong>更\u003C\u002Fstrong>揭示了问题背后的制度缺陷。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>第一句呈现报告的两项内容，并未明确把其中一项评为更重要。第二句则把“揭示制度缺陷”作为分析的深化。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>“既……又……”最典型的用法是连接两个简短、并列的形容词或动词短语，例如“这种出行方式\u003Cstrong>既便宜又方便\u003C\u002Fstrong>”“她\u003Cstrong>既聪明又努力\u003C\u002Fstrong>”。在综合评价中，两项常有一致的评价方向，但这不是语法限制：“他既聪明又懒惰”也可以成立，表示两种特点同时存在。若重点是突出两项之间的反差，则用“他虽然聪明，却很懒惰”更明确。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>递进不一定是数量增加，也可以是评价层次的提升：\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>程度加深\u003C\u002Fstrong>：不仅感到意外，更感到不安。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>认识深化\u003C\u002Fstrong>：不仅发现了问题，更看清了问题反复出现的原因。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>意义提升\u003C\u002Fstrong>：不仅是一次技术调整，更是一次治理理念的转变。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>“更重要”不一定是客观、固定的排序。作者可以根据论证目的建立层次，但必须让读者看得出后项为什么值得特别强调。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"section-3\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.1\u003C\u002Fspan>近义句式的强度与语体\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>句式\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>关系与递进强度\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>常见语体与例句\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>既……也……\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>与“既……又……”相近，表示并列兼顾，本身不标明递进\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>口语、书面语均可：方案既考虑成本，也兼顾公平。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>不但／不仅／不只／不光……而且／还／也……\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>在前项基础上追加后项；递进可以较弱，不一定表示后项程度更深。“也”偏重追加，“而且”更明确地标示推进\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>“不仅”较常见于书面语，“不但”“不只”口语、书面语均可，“不光”偏口语：他不光提出了问题，还给出了解决办法。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>不仅……更（是）……\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>明确突出后项在程度、认识或意义上的提升，强调通常强于一般追加\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>多用于评论和论证：这不仅是技术调整，更是理念转变。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>不仅……甚至……\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>把后项放在超出通常预期的位置，常带有较强的递进意味\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>口语、书面语均可：问题不仅影响了进度，甚至导致项目停摆。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>这些句式不能机械地排成固定的强弱等级；具体分量仍取决于内容。“更”侧重比较后的提升，“甚至”侧重超出预期，替换时要检查论证意图是否随之改变。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-4\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>关联词的位置与结构对应\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>两项共用一个主语时，通常先提出主语，再用关联词连接两个谓语部分。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>这项研究\u003Cstrong>既\u003C\u002Fstrong>关注城市居民的出行需求，\u003Cstrong>又\u003C\u002Fstrong>考察公共交通的服务能力。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>这项研究\u003Cstrong>不仅\u003C\u002Fstrong>关注出行效率，\u003Cstrong>更\u003C\u002Fstrong>重视不同群体获得公共服务的机会是否平等。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>两项的结构应当清楚、可对应，但不要求字数一致。连接名词性成分时，常用“是”构成判断：\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cblockquote>\n\u003Cp>这座图书馆\u003Cstrong>既是\u003C\u002Fstrong>阅读空间，\u003Cstrong>又是\u003C\u002Fstrong>社区交流的场所。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>这座图书馆\u003Cstrong>不仅是\u003C\u002Fstrong>阅读空间，\u003Cstrong>更是\u003C\u002Fstrong>居民参与公共生活的平台。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fblockquote>\n\u003Cp>主语不同时，要让关联词清楚地标明各自管辖的分句。\u003Cstrong>“不仅”通常放在前一分句主语之前，“更”通常放在后一分句主语之后、谓语之前。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cblockquote>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>不仅\u003C\u002Fstrong>一线员工需要培训，管理层\u003Cstrong>更\u003C\u002Fstrong>需要重新理解服务标准。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fblockquote>\n\u003Cp>这里的递进针对两个群体的需要：管理层的培训需要被特别突出。句子不是单纯把两个主语列在一起。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>与“不仅”不同，\u003Cstrong>“既……又……”中的“既”是副词，有显式主语时应放在主语之后、谓语之前\u003C\u002Fstrong>，不能照搬“不仅”放在分句主语之前的位置。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cblockquote>\n\u003Cp>✗ 既企业获得了技术支持，又研究团队接触到了真实的生产问题。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✓ 这次合作既使企业获得了技术支持，又让研究团队接触到了真实的生产问题。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fblockquote>\n\u003Cp>“既……又……”连接的两项可以涉及不同的对象：\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cblockquote>\n\u003Cp>这次合作\u003Cstrong>既\u003C\u002Fstrong>使企业获得了技术支持，\u003Cstrong>又\u003C\u002Fstrong>让研究团队接触到了真实的生产问题。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fblockquote>\n\u003Cp>这里两项共用的主语都是“这次合作”；“企业”和“研究团队”分别是“使”和“让”后面的对象，并不是两个分句各自的主语。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>先确认每一项究竟在说谁、说什么，再安排关联词。不要为了表面上的整齐，把“更”机械地移到主语之前。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-5\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>同样的事实，不同的论证重心\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>比较下面两句话：\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>综合评价：\u003Cstrong>这项措施\u003C\u002Fstrong>既\u003C\u002Fstrong>降低了办事成本，\u003Cstrong>又\u003C\u002Fstrong>提高了信息透明度。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>突出公共价值：\u003Cstrong>这项措施\u003C\u002Fstrong>不仅\u003C\u002Fstrong>降低了办事成本，\u003Cstrong>更\u003C\u002Fstrong>提高了信息透明度，使公众能够监督办理过程。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>两句可以描述同一组事实。第一句将两项成效并列列出；第二句通过后面的解释，把透明度与公众监督联系起来，从而建立递进层次。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>判断能否调换两项时，要区分事实与表达效果：\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>使用**“既……又……”**时，调换两项往往不改变基本事实，但可能改变话题衔接和句末焦点。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>使用**“不仅……更……”**时，调换两项可能仍然合乎语法，却会改变论证的终点，甚至削弱原来的层次。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>例如，在强调行政效率的文章中，也可以写：\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cblockquote>\n\u003Cp>这项措施\u003Cstrong>不仅\u003C\u002Fstrong>提高了信息透明度，\u003Cstrong>更\u003C\u002Fstrong>通过流程再造，大幅缩短了办理时间。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fblockquote>\n\u003Cp>这并不否定透明度的价值，而是把当前论述的重点放在办理效率上。因此，不能脱离语境，断言某一种排序永远正确。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-6\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>三种需要警惕的表达问题\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"section-7\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.1\u003C\u002Fspan>把不同类别直接当作递进\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cblockquote>\n\u003Cp>她不仅会法语，更会日语。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fblockquote>\n\u003Cp>这句话并非绝对不成立，但如果上下文没有说明日语为什么特别重要，递进关系就显得突兀。只是列举语言能力时，宜说：\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cblockquote>\n\u003Cp>她\u003Cstrong>既会\u003C\u002Fstrong>法语，\u003Cstrong>又会\u003C\u002Fstrong>日语。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fblockquote>\n\u003Cp>若招聘岗位尤其需要日语，则可以明确写出依据：\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cblockquote>\n\u003Cp>她\u003Cstrong>不仅\u003C\u002Fstrong>能处理法语文件，\u003Cstrong>更\u003C\u002Fstrong>能直接用日语与主要客户谈判，这正是岗位最需要的能力。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fblockquote>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"section-8\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.2\u003C\u002Fspan>把“更”只理解为程度比较\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>在“这不仅是个人选择，更是公共责任”中，**“更是”**不是说“公共责任的数量更多”，而是突出后一种判断的分量。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>不过，“更”仍须与自然的谓语表达结合。不要为了制造递进而写出“更很重要”之类的组合；可根据意思选用**“更重要”\u003Cstrong>或\u003C\u002Fstrong>“更具有长远意义”**。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"section-9\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.3\u003C\u002Fspan>把“不仅”误解为否定前项\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>“不仅”否定的是“只限于前项”，不是前项本身。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>“这不仅是技术问题，更是管理问题”承认它是技术问题，同时强调管理层面。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>如果本意是排除“技术问题”这一判断，就不能用这个句式来表达。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-10\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">6.\u003C\u002Fspan>写作时的选择步骤\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>**确认两项都成立。**这两种结构都不用于否定或排除前项。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>**判断关系。**只是兼顾两个方面，用“既……又……”；要把后项推向更高的论证层次，用“不仅……更……”。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>**检查递进依据。**后项为什么更重要、更深入或更出人意料？必要时补出解释。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>**检查位置与对应。**明确主语，保持两项关系清楚，并把希望突出的内容放在合适的位置。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cp>简要记忆：\u003Cstrong>“既……又……”重在兼顾，“不仅……更……”重在推进。内容可以逐步深入，但不能仅凭排列顺序就认定存在递进。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n",[1365,1369,1373,1377,1381,1385,1389,1393,1397,1401],{"id":1366,"text":1367,"depth":16,"number":1368},"section","并列不等于递进","1",{"id":1370,"text":1371,"depth":16,"number":1372},"section-2","两种结构如何组织信息","2",{"id":1374,"text":1375,"depth":21,"number":1376},"section-3","近义句式的强度与语体","2.1",{"id":1378,"text":1379,"depth":16,"number":1380},"section-4","关联词的位置与结构对应","3",{"id":1382,"text":1383,"depth":16,"number":1384},"section-5","同样的事实，不同的论证重心","4",{"id":1386,"text":1387,"depth":16,"number":1388},"section-6","三种需要警惕的表达问题","5",{"id":1390,"text":1391,"depth":21,"number":1392},"section-7","把不同类别直接当作递进","5.1",{"id":1394,"text":1395,"depth":21,"number":1396},"section-8","把“更”只理解为程度比较","5.2",{"id":1398,"text":1399,"depth":21,"number":1400},"section-9","把“不仅”误解为否定前项","5.3",{"id":1402,"text":1403,"depth":16,"number":1404},"section-10","写作时的选择步骤","6"]