[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-page-zh-jieguo-buyu-dong-qingchu-cuo-zhu":3,"grammar-exercises-by-page-01a0e1ad-b5ec-7144-bda4-9960f9439bed":311,"exercise-list-path-zh-none":340},{"id":4,"title":5,"slug":6,"seoDescription":7,"content":8,"language":9,"level":10,"displayOrder":11,"grammarTopics":12,"createdAt":19,"updatedAt":20,"vocabularyLists":21,"primaryTopicHub":308,"readyImages":310},"01a0e1ad-b5ec-7144-bda4-9960f9439bed","结果补语：懂、清楚、错、住","jieguo-buyu-dong-qingchu-cuo-zhu","学习结果补语懂、清楚、错、住，掌握听懂、看清楚、写错、记住等常见搭配，说明理解、清晰、错误和固定的动作结果。通过日常情境比较听懂与听清楚、记住与记得，学习宾语和了的位置，用没（有）说明结果没有实现，用疑问句确认结果，并区分实际结果与能否做到，避免在动词和结果补语之间误加得或放入宾语。","动作做了，不一定有想要的结果。**懂、清楚、错、住**放在动词后面，可以说明理解了没有、是否清晰、有没有错误，或是否固定下来。学会这些结果补语，你就能说清楚结果，也能询问和否定结果。\n\n## 1. 四种补语表示什么结果\n\n结果补语紧跟在动词后面。动词说明做什么，补语说明做出了什么结果。\n\n| 结果补语 | 表示的结果 | 常见搭配 | 例句 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **懂** | 理解了意思 | 听懂、看懂、读懂 | 我看懂了这封信。 |\n| **清楚** | 看得清晰、听得清晰，或表达得明白 | 看清楚、听清楚、说清楚 | 她说清楚了自己的意思。 |\n| **错** | 动作的结果不正确 | 写错、说错、听错、拿错 | 我拿错了别人的杯子。 |\n| **住** | 固定下来、保持住，或不再继续移动 | 记住、抓住、停住 | 他抓住了我的手。 |\n\n这些补语有常见的搭配，不能随意放在任何动词后面。学习时，最好把**动词和补语一起记**。\n\n## 2. 补语、宾语和“了”的位置\n\n常见结构是：**主语＋动词＋结果补语＋（了）＋宾语**。\n\n- 我**听懂了**老师的话。\n- 她**写错了**我的名字。\n- 请**记住**这个地址。\n\n有宾语时，宾语通常放在整个“动词＋结果补语”后面；没有必要说出宾语时，也可以不说。\n\n:::example\n甲：你听懂老师的话了吗？\n\n乙：**听懂了**。\n\n甲：这个电话号码，你记住了吗？\n\n乙：**记住了**，不用再说一遍。\n:::\n\n**了**常用来表示结果已经实现，但它不是结果补语的一部分，也不是每句都要有。例如，“请记住这个地址”是在提出要求，还没有说明结果已经实现。\n\n:::warning\n表达动作结果时，动词和这些补语之间**不加“得”**，也不放宾语。\n\n✓ 我听懂了老师的话。\n\n✗ 我听得懂了老师的话。\n\n✓ 我写错了你的名字。\n\n✗ 我写你的名字错了。\n\n这里要说的是一次动作的实际结果，不是有没有能力做到。\n:::\n\n## 3. “懂”和“清楚”：理解还是清晰\n\n**懂**重点是理解意思；**听清楚、看清楚**重点是声音或文字、图像是否清晰。听清楚了，不一定听懂了。\n\n:::example\n**声音很清楚，但意思不明白：**\n\n每个字我都**听清楚了**，可是这句话的意思我没**听懂**。\n\n**距离太远，看不清文字：**\n\n刚才我没**看清楚**黑板上的字，走近以后才看清楚。\n\n**说明得明白：**\n\n请把时间和地点**说清楚**。\n:::\n\n“清楚”的具体意思也跟前面的动词有关：**听清楚、看清楚**说的是接收信息；**说清楚、写清楚**说的是把信息表达明白。\n\n## 4. “错”和“住”：错误还是固定下来\n\n**错**说明动作做了，但结果不正确。它不表示动作没有做。\n\n- **写错**：你写错了一个字，请改一下。\n- **听错**：我听错了，你说的是周三，不是周四。\n- **拿错**：对不起，我拿错了杯子，这个是你的。\n\n**住**不一定跟“住在哪里”有关。作结果补语时，它常表示抓牢、留下或停下来，具体意思要看搭配。\n\n| 搭配 | 具体意思 | 例句 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **记住** | 信息留在记忆里 | 我终于记住了他的名字。 |\n| **抓住** | 抓牢，没有让对象离开 | 她抓住了绳子。 |\n| **停住** | 停下来，不再移动 | 他走到门口，突然停住了。 |\n\n:::note\n**记住**强调记忆的结果：我念了三遍，终于记住了这个号码。\n\n**记得**强调现在还有这个记忆：我还记得这个号码。\n\n“记得”里的“得”不是这里学的结果补语。\n:::\n\n## 5. 怎样否定和询问结果\n\n说某次动作没有达到结果，常用**没（有）＋动词＋结果补语**，一般不再加表示完成的“了”。\n\n| 肯定结果 | 否定结果 | 询问结果 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 我听懂了。 | 我没听懂。 | 你听懂了吗？ |\n| 我看清楚了。 | 我没看清楚。 | 你看清楚了没有？ |\n| 我写错了。 | 我没写错。 | 你写错了吗？ |\n| 我记住了。 | 我没记住。 | 你记住了没有？ |\n\n注意：**没写错**表示没有写出错误，不是“没写”。例如：“我检查了一遍，这个字没写错。”\n\n:::tip\n**没听懂**说的是实际结果：“刚才你说得太快，我没听懂。”\n\n**听不懂**说的是不能理解：“这个词我不认识，所以听不懂。”\n\n不要把“没听懂”和“听不懂”当成完全一样的表达。\n:::\n\n## 6. 选择补语的小检查\n\n1. 要表达哪种结果？理解用**懂**；清晰、明白用**清楚**；结果不正确用**错**；固定、留下或停止用常见的**住**字搭配。\n2. 动词和补语搭配自然吗？可以先想“听懂、说清楚、写错、记住”这些常见组合。\n3. 词序对吗？把**动词和补语放在一起**，宾语放在后面。\n4. 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