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1. 先判断要表达什么关系\n\n| 形式 | 核心作用 | 常见结构 | 例句 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **据** | 引出依据或消息来源 | 据＋材料、来源等 | **据会议记录**，双方未达成一致。 |\n| **经** | 引出所经过的程序或环节 | 经＋审核、协商等 | **经双方协商**，交货日期延后一周。 |\n| **于** | 引出时间、地点或与谓语有关的对象 | 于＋时间、地点；特定谓语＋于＋对象 | 展览**于五月开幕**。这一结论**适用于本案**。 |\n\n同一个事件可以从不同角度来写：**据专家意见**突出判断的依据，**经专家评审**突出已经进行的程序。选词时，先明确关系，再考虑是否需要书面表达。\n\n### 与其他常见书面介词比较\n\n| 形式 | 常见作用 | 例句 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **以** | 引出方式、手段或依据等 | 申请人应**以书面形式**提交意见。 |\n| **由** | 引出执行者、责任主体或来源等 | 本办法**由主管部门**负责解释。 |\n| **自** | 引出时间或空间的起点 | 本办法**自七月一日起**施行。 |\n| **对于** | 引出所针对的对象 | **对于逾期申请**，本机构不予受理。 |\n| **关于** | 引出话题或涉及的事项 | **关于申报流程**，请参阅附件。 |\n\n“于”与“对于”的界线要结合搭配判断：“该标准**适用于新建住宅**”中的“于”紧接“适用”，不能改成“适用对于”；若要先提出讨论对象，可以说“**对于新建住宅，应采用该标准**”。“关于”侧重话题，如“关于申报流程的说明”；“对于”侧重针对某个对象的态度或处理方式。\n\n“由”可以引出动作的执行者：“会议**由秘书处组织**”；“于”则可引出事件的时间或地点：“会议**于周五举行**”。二者也可连用：“会议由秘书处组织，于周五举行”，分别交代组织者和举行时间。\n\n## 2. “据”：依据与消息来源\n\n**据**常放在名词性成分前，引出文件、数据、记录或信息提供者。整个结构通常放在句首；“据初步估算”等结构也可以自然地放在主语后、谓语前，但不宜把所有句首来源结构都机械地移到主语后。\n\n:::example\n**据最新统计数据**，该市常住人口略有增长。\n\n该项目**据初步估算**需投资两亿元。\n\n**据现场工作人员介绍**，设备将于下周恢复运行。\n:::\n\n第一句先交代数据依据，层次清楚；第二句在主语后交代投资金额的估算依据。第三句中的“据现场工作人员介绍”属于常见的来源表达，不能机械地限定为“据后面只能接一个名词”。\n\n需要区分两类关系：\n\n- **据合同约定，买方应在月底前付款。**——把合同约定作为说明义务的依据。\n- **据买方介绍，款项已于昨日汇出。**——交代消息由谁提供，不等于款项已经得到独立核实。\n\n**据悉、据报道、据调查**都是常见的书面表达，但省略具体来源不等于来源不重要。在需要核查的报告中，应尽量明确材料、机构或调查范围。\n\n:::note\n**据**与**根据**在不少依据结构中可以替换，如“据合同约定／根据合同约定”。但固定表达不能逐字替换：“据悉”不能改成“根据悉”。“据说”也常用于日常交流，并非所有带“据”的表达都具有正式语体色彩。\n:::\n\n## 3. “经”：程序、中间环节与完成情况\n\n**经**常用于审核、批准、讨论、协商等程序性表达，相当于较凝练的“经过”。后面的成分可以直接表示程序，也可以包含参与者。\n\n:::example\n**经审核**，申请材料符合要求。\n\n**经主管部门批准**，项目正式启动。\n\n**经双方协商**，原定方案保持不变。\n:::\n\n“经主管部门批准”中，主管部门是批准者；整个结构说明项目启动前所经过的程序。**经**本身并不表示“结果成功”：结果取决于后面的词语及主句。\n\n- **经审核，申请未获通过。**——审核已经进行，但申请没有通过。\n- **未经批准，不得转载。**——“未经”表示没有经过相应程序；此处没有取得批准。\n- **须经审核后方可发布。**——程序尚未完成，句子规定发布前必须经过审核。\n\n因此，不能把“经”直接理解成过去时标记。它还可引出路线或中间环节，如“货物**经上海转运至南京**”。\n\n:::warning\n**据审核报告，申请未获通过。**重在交代信息依据。\n\n**经审核，申请未获通过。**重在交代处理程序。\n\n两句都成立，但表达关系不同，不能仅因两者都属于书面语就互换。\n:::\n\n## 4. “于”：位置由关系和搭配决定\n\n**于**的功能较多，既可出现在谓语前，也常紧接某些谓语之后。不能把它当成“在、向、对、比”的通用书面替代词。\n\n| 关系 | 常见位置或搭配 | 例句 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 时间 | 于＋时间＋谓语 | 本办法**于七月一日施行**。 |\n| 时间 | 特定动词＋于＋时间 | 该协会**成立于一九九八年**。 |\n| 地点 | 于＋地点＋谓语 | 会议**于北京举行**。 |\n| 地点 | 特定动词＋于＋地点 | 研究中心**位于城南**。 |\n| 来源 | 源于、取材于等 | 故事情节**取材于真实事件**。 |\n| 对象或范围 | 适用于、有利于、致力于等 | 该标准**适用于新建住宅**。 |\n| 比较 | 高于、低于、优于等 | 实际支出**低于预算**。 |\n\n“于七月一日施行”说明施行的时间点；“自七月一日起施行”明确以这一天为起点。法规条文中若要突出起始日期，宜用“自……起”，避免将两种结构混成“于七月一日起”。\n\n谓语前后的结构有时表达相近关系，例如“该协会**于一九九八年成立**”和“该协会**成立于一九九八年**”。前者适合按时间顺序叙述事件；后者常用于介绍机构的成立时间。“成立、诞生、始”等动词常与后置的“于＋时间”搭配，如“该刊物**诞生于二十世纪初**”“两校的合作**始于一九九八年**”。这种位置变化受谓语搭配限制，不能推广到所有动词；表达一般事件的时间时，可优先采用谓语前的时间结构，如“会议于五月召开”。\n\n:::example\n✓ 本规定**适用于境内企业**。\n\n✗ 本规定**于境内企业适用**。\n\n✓ 请**向工作人员咨询**。\n\n✗ 请**于工作人员咨询**。\n:::\n\n第一组中，应保留“适用于＋对象”的搭配。第二组中，咨询对象用“向”引出，不能为了显得正式而换成“于”。\n\n## 5. 连用时看清修饰范围\n\n几种结构可以出现在同一句中，但各自承担的功能应当清楚。\n\n:::example\n**据会议纪要**，方案**经专家评审后**，将**于下月实施**。\n\n- **据会议纪要**：交代整条消息的依据。\n- **经专家评审后**：交代实施前的程序。\n- **于下月**：限定实施时间。\n:::\n\n这句话没有单凭“经”就说明评审已经完成。如果完成情况关系重大，应直接写明，而不要让读者猜测：\n\n- 已完成：据会议纪要，方案**已通过专家评审**，将于下月实施。\n- 尚未完成：据会议纪要，方案**须经专家评审通过后方可实施**，目前计划下月实施。\n\n时间结构的位置也会影响理解。比较：\n\n**经委员会讨论，方案于六月公布。**——六月是公布时间。\n\n**委员会于六月讨论了方案，方案随后公布。**——六月是讨论时间。\n\n:::tip\n句首的来源或程序结构较长时，通常用逗号与主句隔开；短结构放在谓语前时，一般不必另加逗号，如“项目经批准后启动”。逗号能帮助分层，但不能代替明确的时间和程序说明。\n:::\n\n## 6. 写作时的检查顺序\n\n1. **辨关系**：说明依据或来源用“据”；说明经过的程序或环节用“经”；表达时间、地点等关系时，再检查是否适合用“于”。\n2. **查搭配**：保留“据悉、适用于、取材于”等惯用结构，不逐字替换或任意调序。\n3. **看范围**：确认时间限定的是哪个动作，来源结构覆盖的是哪条信息。\n4. **明状态**：需要区分已完成与待完成时，写明“已、未经、须经”等，不让“经”独自承担时间信息。\n5. 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id=\"section\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>先判断要表达什么关系\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>形式\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>核心作用\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>常见结构\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例句\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>据\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>引出依据或消息来源\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>据＋材料、来源等\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>据会议记录\u003C\u002Fstrong>，双方未达成一致。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>经\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>引出所经过的程序或环节\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>经＋审核、协商等\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>经双方协商\u003C\u002Fstrong>，交货日期延后一周。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>于\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>引出时间、地点或与谓语有关的对象\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>于＋时间、地点；特定谓语＋于＋对象\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>展览\u003Cstrong>于五月开幕\u003C\u002Fstrong>。这一结论\u003Cstrong>适用于本案\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>同一个事件可以从不同角度来写：\u003Cstrong>据专家意见\u003C\u002Fstrong>突出判断的依据，\u003Cstrong>经专家评审\u003C\u002Fstrong>突出已经进行的程序。选词时，先明确关系，再考虑是否需要书面表达。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"section-2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.1\u003C\u002Fspan>与其他常见书面介词比较\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>形式\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>常见作用\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例句\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>以\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>引出方式、手段或依据等\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>申请人应\u003Cstrong>以书面形式\u003C\u002Fstrong>提交意见。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>由\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>引出执行者、责任主体或来源等\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>本办法\u003Cstrong>由主管部门\u003C\u002Fstrong>负责解释。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>自\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>引出时间或空间的起点\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>本办法\u003Cstrong>自七月一日起\u003C\u002Fstrong>施行。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>对于\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>引出所针对的对象\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>对于逾期申请\u003C\u002Fstrong>，本机构不予受理。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>关于\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>引出话题或涉及的事项\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>关于申报流程\u003C\u002Fstrong>，请参阅附件。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>“于”与“对于”的界线要结合搭配判断：“该标准\u003Cstrong>适用于新建住宅\u003C\u002Fstrong>”中的“于”紧接“适用”，不能改成“适用对于”；若要先提出讨论对象，可以说“\u003Cstrong>对于新建住宅，应采用该标准\u003C\u002Fstrong>”。“关于”侧重话题，如“关于申报流程的说明”；“对于”侧重针对某个对象的态度或处理方式。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>“由”可以引出动作的执行者：“会议\u003Cstrong>由秘书处组织\u003C\u002Fstrong>”；“于”则可引出事件的时间或地点：“会议\u003Cstrong>于周五举行\u003C\u002Fstrong>”。二者也可连用：“会议由秘书处组织，于周五举行”，分别交代组织者和举行时间。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-3\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>“据”：依据与消息来源\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>据\u003C\u002Fstrong>常放在名词性成分前，引出文件、数据、记录或信息提供者。整个结构通常放在句首；“据初步估算”等结构也可以自然地放在主语后、谓语前，但不宜把所有句首来源结构都机械地移到主语后。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>据最新统计数据\u003C\u002Fstrong>，该市常住人口略有增长。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>该项目\u003Cstrong>据初步估算\u003C\u002Fstrong>需投资两亿元。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>据现场工作人员介绍\u003C\u002Fstrong>，设备将于下周恢复运行。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>第一句先交代数据依据，层次清楚；第二句在主语后交代投资金额的估算依据。第三句中的“据现场工作人员介绍”属于常见的来源表达，不能机械地限定为“据后面只能接一个名词”。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>需要区分两类关系：\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>据合同约定，买方应在月底前付款。\u003C\u002Fstrong>——把合同约定作为说明义务的依据。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>据买方介绍，款项已于昨日汇出。\u003C\u002Fstrong>——交代消息由谁提供，不等于款项已经得到独立核实。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>据悉、据报道、据调查\u003C\u002Fstrong>都是常见的书面表达，但省略具体来源不等于来源不重要。在需要核查的报告中，应尽量明确材料、机构或调查范围。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>据\u003C\u002Fstrong>与\u003Cstrong>根据\u003C\u002Fstrong>在不少依据结构中可以替换，如“据合同约定／根据合同约定”。但固定表达不能逐字替换：“据悉”不能改成“根据悉”。“据说”也常用于日常交流，并非所有带“据”的表达都具有正式语体色彩。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-4\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>“经”：程序、中间环节与完成情况\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>经\u003C\u002Fstrong>常用于审核、批准、讨论、协商等程序性表达，相当于较凝练的“经过”。后面的成分可以直接表示程序，也可以包含参与者。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>经审核\u003C\u002Fstrong>，申请材料符合要求。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>经主管部门批准\u003C\u002Fstrong>，项目正式启动。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>经双方协商\u003C\u002Fstrong>，原定方案保持不变。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>“经主管部门批准”中，主管部门是批准者；整个结构说明项目启动前所经过的程序。\u003Cstrong>经\u003C\u002Fstrong>本身并不表示“结果成功”：结果取决于后面的词语及主句。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>经审核，申请未获通过。\u003C\u002Fstrong>——审核已经进行，但申请没有通过。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>未经批准，不得转载。\u003C\u002Fstrong>——“未经”表示没有经过相应程序；此处没有取得批准。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>须经审核后方可发布。\u003C\u002Fstrong>——程序尚未完成，句子规定发布前必须经过审核。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>因此，不能把“经”直接理解成过去时标记。它还可引出路线或中间环节，如“货物\u003Cstrong>经上海转运至南京\u003C\u002Fstrong>”。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>**据审核报告，申请未获通过。**重在交代信息依据。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>**经审核，申请未获通过。**重在交代处理程序。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>两句都成立，但表达关系不同，不能仅因两者都属于书面语就互换。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-5\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>“于”：位置由关系和搭配决定\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>于\u003C\u002Fstrong>的功能较多，既可出现在谓语前，也常紧接某些谓语之后。不能把它当成“在、向、对、比”的通用书面替代词。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>关系\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>常见位置或搭配\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例句\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>时间\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>于＋时间＋谓语\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>本办法\u003Cstrong>于七月一日施行\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>时间\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>特定动词＋于＋时间\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>该协会\u003Cstrong>成立于一九九八年\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>地点\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>于＋地点＋谓语\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>会议\u003Cstrong>于北京举行\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>地点\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>特定动词＋于＋地点\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>研究中心\u003Cstrong>位于城南\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>来源\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>源于、取材于等\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>故事情节\u003Cstrong>取材于真实事件\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>对象或范围\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>适用于、有利于、致力于等\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>该标准\u003Cstrong>适用于新建住宅\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>比较\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>高于、低于、优于等\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>实际支出\u003Cstrong>低于预算\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>“于七月一日施行”说明施行的时间点；“自七月一日起施行”明确以这一天为起点。法规条文中若要突出起始日期，宜用“自……起”，避免将两种结构混成“于七月一日起”。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>谓语前后的结构有时表达相近关系，例如“该协会\u003Cstrong>于一九九八年成立\u003C\u002Fstrong>”和“该协会\u003Cstrong>成立于一九九八年\u003C\u002Fstrong>”。前者适合按时间顺序叙述事件；后者常用于介绍机构的成立时间。“成立、诞生、始”等动词常与后置的“于＋时间”搭配，如“该刊物\u003Cstrong>诞生于二十世纪初\u003C\u002Fstrong>”“两校的合作\u003Cstrong>始于一九九八年\u003C\u002Fstrong>”。这种位置变化受谓语搭配限制，不能推广到所有动词；表达一般事件的时间时，可优先采用谓语前的时间结构，如“会议于五月召开”。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>✓ 本规定\u003Cstrong>适用于境内企业\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✗ 本规定\u003Cstrong>于境内企业适用\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✓ 请\u003Cstrong>向工作人员咨询\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✗ 请\u003Cstrong>于工作人员咨询\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>第一组中，应保留“适用于＋对象”的搭配。第二组中，咨询对象用“向”引出，不能为了显得正式而换成“于”。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-6\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>连用时看清修饰范围\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>几种结构可以出现在同一句中，但各自承担的功能应当清楚。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>据会议纪要\u003C\u002Fstrong>，方案\u003Cstrong>经专家评审后\u003C\u002Fstrong>，将\u003Cstrong>于下月实施\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>据会议纪要\u003C\u002Fstrong>：交代整条消息的依据。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>经专家评审后\u003C\u002Fstrong>：交代实施前的程序。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>于下月\u003C\u002Fstrong>：限定实施时间。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>这句话没有单凭“经”就说明评审已经完成。如果完成情况关系重大，应直接写明，而不要让读者猜测：\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>已完成：据会议纪要，方案\u003Cstrong>已通过专家评审\u003C\u002Fstrong>，将于下月实施。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>尚未完成：据会议纪要，方案\u003Cstrong>须经专家评审通过后方可实施\u003C\u002Fstrong>，目前计划下月实施。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>时间结构的位置也会影响理解。比较：\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>经委员会讨论，方案于六月公布。\u003C\u002Fstrong>——六月是公布时间。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>委员会于六月讨论了方案，方案随后公布。\u003C\u002Fstrong>——六月是讨论时间。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>句首的来源或程序结构较长时，通常用逗号与主句隔开；短结构放在谓语前时，一般不必另加逗号，如“项目经批准后启动”。逗号能帮助分层，但不能代替明确的时间和程序说明。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-7\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">6.\u003C\u002Fspan>写作时的检查顺序\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>辨关系\u003C\u002Fstrong>：说明依据或来源用“据”；说明经过的程序或环节用“经”；表达时间、地点等关系时，再检查是否适合用“于”。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>查搭配\u003C\u002Fstrong>：保留“据悉、适用于、取材于”等惯用结构，不逐字替换或任意调序。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>看范围\u003C\u002Fstrong>：确认时间限定的是哪个动作，来源结构覆盖的是哪条信息。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>明状态\u003C\u002Fstrong>：需要区分已完成与待完成时，写明“已、未经、须经”等，不让“经”独自承担时间信息。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>顾语体\u003C\u002Fstrong>：正式文本也应以清楚为先。“在北京开会”不比“于北京举行会议”低级；是否凝练、是否符合上下文，比书面词的数量更重要。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n",[1620,1624,1628,1632,1636,1640,1644],{"id":1621,"text":1622,"depth":16,"number":1623},"section","先判断要表达什么关系","1",{"id":1625,"text":1626,"depth":21,"number":1627},"section-2","与其他常见书面介词比较","1.1",{"id":1629,"text":1630,"depth":16,"number":1631},"section-3","“据”：依据与消息来源","2",{"id":1633,"text":1634,"depth":16,"number":1635},"section-4","“经”：程序、中间环节与完成情况","3",{"id":1637,"text":1638,"depth":16,"number":1639},"section-5","“于”：位置由关系和搭配决定","4",{"id":1641,"text":1642,"depth":16,"number":1643},"section-6","连用时看清修饰范围","5",{"id":1645,"text":1646,"depth":16,"number":1647},"section-7","写作时的检查顺序","6"]