[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-page-zh-shuangbinyu-ju-gei-song-jiao":3,"grammar-exercises-by-page-01a0e1ad-b718-7514-8979-2e65bb64ce13":79,"exercise-list-path-zh-none":109},{"id":4,"title":5,"slug":6,"seoDescription":7,"content":8,"language":9,"level":10,"displayOrder":11,"grammarTopics":12,"createdAt":18,"updatedAt":19,"vocabularyLists":20,"readyImages":78},"01a0e1ad-b718-7514-8979-2e65bb64ce13","双宾语句：给、送、教","shuangbinyu-ju-gei-song-jiao","掌握给、送、教的双宾语句，先说人，再说东西或学习内容。通过给朋友一本书、送妈妈一束花、教学生中文等例句，理解两个宾语各表示什么。比较给和送在日常生活中的意思，学习动词后面有了时的语序，避免把人和东西的位置放反。结合结构表和常见错误，练习清楚地说明谁给谁什么、谁送谁礼物、谁教谁什么，记住基本语序。","说谁给谁东西、谁送谁礼物、谁教谁什么，可以用**双宾语句**。这类句子在动词后面先说人，再说东西或学习内容。下面通过结构表和生活中的例子，比较“给、送、教”，学习带“了”的语序，并避免把两个宾语的位置放反。\n\n## 1. 一个动词后面说两部分\n\n“我给你一本书”中，“给”后面有两部分：\n\n- **你**：谁收到书。\n- **一本书**：收到什么。\n\n这两部分都叫“宾语”，所以这样的句子叫“双宾语句”。\n\n基本语序是：**谁＋动词＋人＋东西或学习内容**。\n\n:::example\n我**给你一本书**。\n\n爸爸**送我一辆自行车**。\n\n王老师**教我们中文**。\n:::\n\n## 2. 给、送、教怎么用\n\n| 动词 | 表示什么 | 人 | 东西或学习内容 | 完整句子 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **给** | 让别人拿到东西 | 你 | 一杯水 | 我给你一杯水。 |\n| **送** | 把东西给别人，让东西归对方，常用于礼物 | 妈妈 | 一束花 | 我送妈妈一束花。 |\n| **教** | 帮助别人学习 | 我们 | 中文 | 李老师教我们中文。 |\n\n人的位置可以用“我、你、他、我们”，也可以用名字或“妈妈、老师、朋友”等。\n\n说具体的东西时，常用**数量＋量词＋名词**，如“一本书、一束花”。说学习内容时，可以直接说“中文、数学”。\n\n:::example\n请**给我一杯水**。\n\n我想**送小林一本书**。\n\n陈老师**教孩子们数学**。\n:::\n\n## 3. 给和送有什么不同\n\n**给**主要说明别人拿到了什么，不一定是礼物。**送**用来说礼物时，表示把东西给别人，而且东西以后归对方，不是暂时借给对方用。\n\n:::example\n**在饭桌上：**我给你一双筷子。\n\n这里的筷子是给你用的，不是生日礼物。\n\n**朋友过生日：**我送你一本书。\n\n这里的书是礼物。\n:::\n\n“我给你一本书”和“我送你一本书”都正确。前一句只说明给书这件事；后一句在生日等情况下，明确表示书是礼物。\n\n:::note\n“送”不只用于礼物，也可以表示把东西送到别人那里。例如：“外卖员每天给我们送午饭。”这里的午饭不是礼物。这个例子的结构是“给＋人＋送＋东西”，不是本页的“动词＋人＋东西”。\n:::\n\n:::tip\n比较下面三句：\n\n- **我给你一本书。**“给”是动词，后面是人“你”和东西“一本书”。\n- **我给你买一本书。**动作是“买”，“给你”说明为谁买书。\n- **我给妈妈打电话。**动作是“打电话”，“给妈妈”说明给谁打电话。\n\n后两句中的“给”是介词，结构是“给＋人＋另一个动词……”，不是本页的双宾语动词“给”。\n:::\n\n## 4. 表示做过的事与检查语序\n\n说已经做过的事，可以在动词后面用**了**。两个宾语还是先人、后东西或学习内容。\n\n**谁＋动词＋了＋人＋东西或学习内容**\n\n:::example\n昨天，我**给了小李两张票**。\n\n妈妈生日那天，我**送了她一条围巾**。\n\n今天上午，老师**教了我们三个汉字**。\n:::\n\n:::warning\n在这里学的双宾语句中，不要把两个宾语的位置放反。\n\n✗ 老师教中文我们。\n\n✓ 老师**教我们中文**。\n\n✗ 我送了一本书他。\n\n✓ 我**送了他一本书**。\n:::\n\n### 否定：没／不放在哪里\n\n表示一件事没有发生，用**没（有）**；表示平时不做或不打算做，用**不**。它们都放在动词前，两个宾语的顺序不变。\n\n**谁＋没／不＋动词＋人＋东西或学习内容**\n\n:::example\n我**没给他那本书**。\n\n王老师**不教我们数学**。\n:::\n\n用“没”否定已经发生的动作时，动词后面表示动作完成的“了”要去掉：“我给了他那本书”变成“我没给他那本书”。\n\n### 疑问：谁、什么和吗放在哪里\n\n问谁收到东西或谁学习，就把人的位置换成**谁**；问东西或学习内容，就把相应的位置换成**什么**。问谁做这个动作，“谁”放在句首。疑问词放在所问部分原来的位置，句末不用“吗”。\n\n:::example\n你送**谁**一本书？——我送妈妈一本书。\n\n你送妈妈**什么**？——我送妈妈一束花。\n\n**谁**教你们中文？——王老师教我们中文。\n:::\n\n问一件事是不是已经发生，可以在句末用“了吗”，人和东西的顺序不变。\n\n:::example\n他**给你书了吗**？——给了。／还没给。\n:::\n\n## 5. 说话前检查三点\n\n1. 选动词：让别人拿到东西用**给**；送礼物可以用**送**；帮助别人学习用**教**。\n2. 先说人：给谁？送谁？教谁？\n3. 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