[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-page-zh-yiqian-he-yihou":3,"grammar-exercises-by-page-01a0e1ad-b7fd-7464-a8b4-10e235e3cdf6":129,"exercise-list-path-zh-none":159},{"id":4,"title":5,"slug":6,"seoDescription":7,"content":8,"language":9,"level":10,"displayOrder":11,"grammarTopics":12,"createdAt":19,"updatedAt":20,"vocabularyLists":21,"primaryTopicHub":126,"readyImages":128},"01a0e1ad-b7fd-7464-a8b4-10e235e3cdf6","“以前”和“以后”","yiqian-he-yihou","学习以前和以后的时间用法，区分过去、将来和两件事的先后。通过上课、吃饭和回家等例子，掌握时间点或动作加以前、以后的说法，理解三年以前和三天以后的意思，认识它们单独使用时的含义，并用简单句说明先做什么、后做什么。比较吃饭以后和以后吃饭，避免弄反事情的顺序，并能说清楚日常活动的时间安排。","**以前**和**以后**可以说过去和将来的情况，也可以说明两件事的先后。我们用上课、吃饭和回家等例子，学习它们单独使用、放在时间或动作后面的说法，并比较“吃饭以后”和“以后吃饭”。\n\n## 1. 以前在前，以后在后\n\n先选一个时间，再看另一件事发生在这个时间的前面还是后面。\n\n| 说法 | 意思 | 例句 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 八点**以前** | 比八点早 | 请八点以前到学校。 |\n| 八点**以后** | 比八点晚 | 我八点以后有空。 |\n| 上课**以前** | 先做别的事，再上课 | 上课以前，我去买水。 |\n| 上课**以后** | 开始上课后，不一定已经下课 | 上课以后，老师先介绍今天要学的内容。 |\n\n:::tip\n想明确说“课结束后”，可以用**下课以后**：下课以后，我们一起吃饭。\n:::\n\n## 2. 放在时间或动作后面\n\n基本形式是：**时间／动作＋以前／以后**。整个时间部分通常放在主语前面，或主语后、主要动作前面。\n\n在时间或动作后面，**以前／以后**常可以简说成**前／后**：吃饭以前→吃饭前，下课以后→下课后。\n\n- **吃饭前**，我先洗手。\n- **下课后**，我们一起吃饭。\n\n:::example\n**吃饭以前**，我先洗手。\n\n我**吃饭以前**先洗手。\n\n这两句都表示：先洗手，再吃饭。\n\n**回家以后**，小王给妈妈打电话。\n\n这句话表示：先回家，再打电话。\n:::\n\n动作前面也可以说是谁做的：\n\n- **你来以前**，我先打扫房间。\n- **你来以后**，我们一起做饭。\n\n这里要看“你来”这个时间，不是看现在几点。\n\n## 3. 单独使用：过去和将来\n\n没有说具体时间或动作时，**以前**通常指过去，**以后**通常指从现在往后的时间。\n\n| 词语 | 例句 | 意思 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **以前** | 我以前住在北京，现在住在上海。 | 过去住在北京。 |\n| **以后** | 我以后想当老师。 | 将来想当老师。 |\n| **以后** | 今天没时间，我们以后再聊。 | 今天不聊，晚些时候再聊。 |\n\n:::note\n**以前**和**以后**不一定说明具体是哪一天。想说得清楚，可以加上时间：星期五以后，我有空。\n:::\n\n也可以用**以前的／以后的＋名词**，说明这个名词和过去或往后的时间有关。这里要加“的”。\n\n- 我昨天见到了**以前的同事**。——我们过去一起工作。\n- 我们来谈谈**以后的计划**吧。——谈谈今后打算做什么。\n\n## 4. 一段时间加以前或以后\n\n**三年、两个月、三天**这样的话表示一段时间。它们也可以放在“以前”和“以后”前面。\n\n:::example\n我**三年以前**来过这里。\n\n这里的“三年以前”是从现在往前算三年。\n\n今天是星期一，我**三天以后**回来，也就是星期四回来。\n\n这里的“三天以后”是从今天往后算三天。\n:::\n\n有时，要从句子里说的另一个时间开始算：\n\n小李去年六月来到北京，**三个月以后**找到了工作。\n\n这里从去年六月开始算，不是从现在开始算。\n\n:::warning\n**以后**不一定表示将来。上面的“找到了工作”是过去的事，只是比“来到北京”晚。\n:::\n\n说过去的事情时，还常用**后来**，表示在已经说过的事情之后，又发生了什么。\n\n| 词语 | 常见用法 | 例句 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **后来** | 通常用来讲过去的事；不能直接接在时间或动作后面 | 小李去年六月来到北京，后来找到了工作。 |\n| **以后** | 可以说将来，也可以说过去某个时间之后的事；可以单独用，也可以接在时间或动作后面 | 我以后想当老师。／小李来到北京三个月以后找到了工作。 |\n\n:::example\n想说“三天之后”：\n\n✗ 三天后来，他回来了。\n\n✓ 三天以后，他回来了。\n\n想说自己将来的愿望：\n\n✗ 我后来想当老师。\n\n✓ 我以后想当老师。\n\n“我后来想当老师”可以用来讲过去愿望的变化，例如：“我小时候想当医生，后来想当老师。”但它不能表达这里的将来愿望。\n:::\n\n## 5. 注意位置，也注意先后\n\n**吃饭以后**和**以后吃饭**都可以说，但意思不同。\n\n| 句子 | 意思 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 我**吃饭以后**给你打电话。 | 先吃饭，再打电话。 |\n| 我**以后吃饭**会慢一点。 | 从今往后，吃饭会慢一点。 |\n\n:::example\n想表达“先做作业，再看电视”：\n\n✓ 我**做完作业以后**看电视。\n\n也可以说：我**看电视以前**先做完作业。\n\n“我做作业以前看电视”表示先看电视，再做作业，意思不一样。\n:::\n\n## 6. 记住这三步\n\n1. 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