B1 · IntermediateGrammar learning path
Probability, deduction and past modals
Express how sure you are and why. Begin with possible future outcomes, strengthen conclusions when evidence supports them, and then use modal-perfect forms to judge, speculate about, or reconsider past events.
3 lessons 16 exercises
What you will learn
- Grade future probability with modal verbs and adverbs.
- Use must and can’t for strong deduction.
- Use modal + have + past participle for past possibility, criticism, and missed opportunity.
Before you start
- Know basic modal word order and common past participles.
Lessons in this path
- 1Might, May, Will probably (Modals)
Grades future probability with may, might, could, will, and adverbs such as probably and definitely.
- 2Must and Can't (Deductions)
Uses must and can’t for strong present deduction from evidence, contrasting them with weaker possibility forms.
- 3Modals About the Past — Should Have, Might Have, Could Have
Moves modal meaning into the past with should have, might have, and could have for criticism, possibility, and missed opportunity.