Personal Pronouns

1. What Is a Pronoun?

A pronoun is a word we use instead of a noun (a person, place, animal or thing).
We use pronouns so that we do not repeat the same noun again and again.

The word "she" is a pronoun. It replaces the noun "Mina."

Pronouns make sentences shorter and less repetitive.

2. What Are Personal Pronouns?

Here is a quick overview — we will explain each group below.

Personal pronouns replace people, animals, or things in a sentence.

There are three main groups we will learn: subject pronouns, object pronouns, and possessive pronouns.

Subject Pronouns

Used as the subject of the sentence
(I, you, he, she, it, we, they)

Object Pronouns

Used as the object of the sentence
(me, you, him, her, it, us, them)

Possessive Pronouns

Used to show ownership.
(mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs)

Now let us look at each group in detail.

3. Subject Pronouns (Who Does the Action?)

Subject pronouns tell us who does the action in a sentence. They usually come before the verb.

• I – used to talk about yourself.
  "I like coffee."
• you – used to talk to one person or more than one person.
  One person: "You are my friend."
  More than one person: "You are all welcome."
• he – used for one male person.
  "He works here."
• she – used for one female person.
  "She is happy."
• it – used for a thing, or for an animal when we do not use a name or specify male/female.
  "I have a cat. It is very small."
  "Where is my phone? It is on the table."
• we – used for yourself and other people together.
  "We are students."
• they – used for more than one person, animal, or thing.
  "They live nearby."

Important rule:

The pronoun "I" is always written with a capital letter.

4. Object Pronouns (Who Receives the Action?)

Object pronouns come after action words (verbs) or after prepositions like to, for, with, and next to.
They tell us who or what receives the action. Object pronouns replace the object in a sentence.

The pronoun changes depending on its role in the sentence.

• me – used when the action happens to the speaker.
  "Please give it to me."
• you – used when the action happens to the person you are talking to.
  "I will give this book to you."
• him – used for one male person.
  "She is sitting next to him."
• her – used for one female person.
  "I have a gift for her."
• it – used for a thing or an animal.
  "I have a new bag. I like it."
  "Here is the food. The dog is eating it."
• us – used for the speaker and others together.
  "He is coming with us."
• them – used for more than one person, animal, or thing.
  "I am sending a message to them."

5. Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns replace the noun.

They are used alone, without a noun.

• mine – something belongs to me
  "This book is mine."
• yours – something belongs to you
  "The bag is yours."
• his – something belongs to a male person
  "The jacket is his."
• hers – something belongs to a female person
  "That phone is hers."
• its – something belongs to a thing or an animal
  "The dog has a toy. The toy is its."

  its (no apostrophe) is the possessive pronoun. it's (with apostrophe) means "it is". These are different words.

• ours – something belongs to us
  "The house is ours."
• theirs – something belongs to them
  "The seats are theirs."

6. Quick Summary

• Subject pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they
• Object pronouns: me, you, him, her, it, us, them
• Possessive pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs